mm :ro A aifl.u < V T c
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mm vc Q � A au < ) -� 20, 21 �vC � V T ffif� c *!*�- ** Unmanned Observation in Antarctica (II) -Outline and Result Obtained in the 20th and 21st Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions- Tetsuo OHATA':' and Yutaka KATSUTA** Abstract: As part of the POLEX-South program of the 20th to 22nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1979-1981), unmanned meteorological observation was made on the Antarctic Ice Sheet. As JARE has been conducting unmanned observation since JARE-18, improvement of renewal of the parts of the system was made taking into account the previous works. As r electric source, wind generator of 12V200W was adopted and was set one or four in parallel. Insulation box was mainly made by styrorm, and was strengthened by the use of FRP. Charge controller was made in order to prevent overcharge and control the heaters. Meteorological observation system was composed of sensors for wind speed and direction, air temperature, snow temperature, solar radiation and air pressure, and recording part using cassette tape recorder. This unmanned meteorological system was built at Ylꝃ and H180. However, due mainly to troubles in the eltric source part, this system did not function well continuously. There is still some room r improvement. The data taken seem to be helpl in understanding the areal meteorological phenomena. �: � 2 0, G�22 8 *��.�U�v,t,tfi:h .ht- POLEX-South H-ffl c L-, 7v� ��A�*i1lUfi ) ts. B *�AM:., � 18 �t-J*fi:h.h-,Q\ �fl�x, �, 1*ffl, J�� ic�R £h, td'fi �*1J��11F L-t. ffl� c L ,J, 12 v 2 w �� ffl L,, 1 f , 4 �7U · �ffl L- k.. 2 rm c L - fl 12 V 2Ah r fJ��i,t-. f�'dUHi, A p �11�t�c L, ������k�KFRPKl0�I��E�L-k. M��' ��-���t- �-�-��-x�Efi5k�K&fy�.hk. �*-��-�. -�-�. � , �. BMul�E£�--, ul r-7·vtc��0� �c·t�.ht. �Lt-AUt Ylꝃ u.nf H180 -c·k\ ·� ,,t l, ,�Fp1��� ts t-, , t Gf Lt R t � �t cf, t! R*:Q c:n,-k. .nt-r:i,�t. ��m�A'J�fW Q lCf C ;b,- ts. 117 * Efi*�7j(f4�ÿm . Water Research Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464. ** �. National Institute of Polar Research, 9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173.
Transcript of mm :ro A aifl.u < V T c
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-� 20, 21 {J(�vCJo"' VJ" � V 7' T .b. O)ffif� c *!*O)�'e"-
.Iii!.** ..!ii!.
Unmanned Observation in Antarctica (II) -Outline and Result Obtained in the 20th and 21st
Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions-
Tetsuo OHATA':' and Yutaka KATSUTA**
Abstract: As part of the PO LEX-South program of the 20th to 22nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1979-1981), unmanned meteorological observation was made on the Antarctic Ice Sheet. As JARE has been conducting unmanned observation since JARE-18, improvement of renewal of the parts of the system was made taking into account the previous works. As for electric source, wind generator of 12V200W was adopted and was set one or four in parallel. Insulation box was mainly made by styroform, and was strengthened by the use of FRP. Charge controller was made in order to prevent overcharge and control the heaters. Meteorological observation system was composed of sensors for wind speed and direction, air temperature, snow temperature, solar radiation and air pressure, and recording part using cassette tape recorder. This unmanned meteorological system was built at YlOO and H180. However, due mainly to troubles in the electric source part, this system did not function well continuously. There is still some room for improvement. The data taken seem to be helpful in understanding the areal meteorological phenomena.
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* i;Efi.*�7j(!fflf4�FF5em. Water Research Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464.
** �.ft:fijfgFf'Jeijf. National Institute of Polar Research, 9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173.
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L,-C]:�"'(·O)�iJ!U�tu[b:,l-0)�,uO)ic� c fJ: 1?, --l-h-tnn:-�O) y-:7 l'C�� � h B ft c
��O)'r-:7cctK:n-t')lrT-7K'r��:7�'r-:7cL-c•t�"iho. UJ::O)•�
"c' 1 @JO)tJ!U5EiJ:*z.T-tG. ..:. 0) J: :> vCiJlil:�O)ic� b� Jl>l!J�h. 1 *O) :n -t ')I r T-7 "c'
4. 7:n Ji O)!c�i*J&n:i:iJfi§c· � o. n -t ')I r .:=;- - 7°vclf �J6 "i ht.::.tct� vt. BIJfilIT0)1'}1?.�trf
v:::..t-?"C7°1J :,,:7-vc..n-�m-tc cn:��o. "it::.. f!J:1:.�fi!� � .=.::z :,,v::.�*1G-t.htt:::t-:/
7 -1 :,, -c:·, -r -:7 :911W. � fi ? C c iJ: -c:· t Q .
No. 78 . 1983J
Wind Speed ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
and Dlrection---':1 I--- 1
Swor : Converter j Digital Cassette Recorder Air Pressure -----,-.-o; Converter Sensor
Solar RadlaUon Sensor -� converter
Temperature ---J....JI Converter Sensor
Controller I
I I � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �
Cassette Tape
� 100 1
Playback
Equipment .. Printer
123
12V DC
Mini
Computer
jg) 4 Jl:x��J'i:OJ ffiltBI; � Fig. 4. Block diagram of the digital data-recorder.
� 2 -1:: Y -tJ- - OJtiffi c f±� Table 2. Specifications of sensors.
(Htso, 19sOff. l l J3 4 s mt±:)
0-355° ± 50 x 7 o � ::,,� - -- --- -- - - ---- - --�·
1.al. lPJ )igl. � H 2-60 m/s I ±0. 5 m/s tJr:'3 ( lO m/s tXf) i ± 5% tJr:'3 (10 m/s t.J.J:)
�mt . �mit I', 7.l(rfii:i:\mtitit + 99"C,...., -99°C ! ±O. toe (O"C,-.,-5ooc) ' ±0. 5°C (+70°C,....,-70°C)
I EE H i 7J(ifti:i:\�EHt 680-1030 mb j ± l mb (20°C ± l0°C) I mtl!t�li( + o. 06 mb/8C
B M §t \ -t- i" A B Af§t 0-2 cal/cm2 • min 0-lO mVDC
2. 5. 1¥�E!ffi
6 m
1. 7 m, 1 . 5 m -0. 2 m - 1 . 5 m
1 5. 5 m
1Wti."c-�Aiffl.1J!IJ '-3:' fi ij t-: 2>MU:t , Jitt L t , § �ffi�ir• G W!il!IJ�� t.t c· '-3:'f*lfi L tJ:: vt;tui t.i:: G t.i:: 1v , • !f=h:. {.l1J1!n � G 0) f* lfi v:t 1t � --e ct Q . -t .h v;:. v:t, ltiT � tt 'la:' �m Lt-:, N�. 'i t..:Ji., f* ilia. ti'i 0) fAH=-��'-3:' Jtxif'j-t Q :15$:b;m'J � -e er> I) ' t.i:: :ton�--=>tiJ*l¥J"Cit Q .
YlOO ( -;,, 7... 'T .1,. 1 ) -e vx, mrJlU�� i-o J: trtUfJEIJ�ffi c L --C , 18, 19Yx�iJ;1*ffi 0 ;h t-: 1b 0) l: fql t.mii 7° v /, 7·��1*'-3:'JtJ1v , , :E"=f O) �J§�1JQ -*. fiffl Lt..: . .,,� 'Y T 9 - ii, :/i 7'3e�O) ;:_ C iJ, G ID[iJ!U��� C v:t 531J r:::. filt'.ifl-t 0 ;:_ C C L. /� 'Y T l) - ffl O) f*fffil;rti '-3:'�fF Lt..:. ;:_ O) f* &ffi �xlSYx�--C· A 1 ,�ffl iclfflJE � ;ht..: 1b 0) '-3:'�� v;:. Lt-: (A79 ��l�) . ;:. ;h G O) {±f:!k'-3:'� 5
H180 ( --Y -7- 'T L- 2 ) -e i :t , W!iJ!U�!LiJ:,J-mHc t.i:: I) , ,J,�'-3:' 16,� t L t.i:: t , cl) --c·ct G t..:: �cf*w! ni '-3:'-� L k. f*fffilnj O) -�K cb k � --C , � O) filt'.ttftfl'-3:' � o k � K . Ll�K�« Q £��
124
(mm)
Emergency Door
I ! 0 § ... . 0 ;
l l 0
Door
I - - ----- - - - - - -- -- - -- -
� I 1600 I I .- 1800
0
0
Handle '
r�
,:;
·-·
�::
0
0
Ventilation
,/ Pipe
Cwfffi�fl
=n o o "' "' ... C') .. ...
Heat Insulation Booth for Instrument Ventilation Hole
Heat Insulation Box for Battery
jg) s Y1oom,J,m_1-3 J:: tYf*mtffiQ)mm Fig. 5. Sectional structure of the heat insulation booth and box (for Y JOO).
��rr -? t-:. ���tj;glftti:t1ff6Jf5em1.f:\:•��� c�• -20°
c, 5m1tfJxtmEJf�) �fum L --err
":> k.. ® 6 vc.7.r--t .:: t < , �1A�2¥ 0. 031 kcal /m • h • °C, J!J� 0. 1 m Cl.)je� ;t.. 7 µ - ;v -e.:t
:h-ttdff§i*Jtmffi 1 . 5 m2, 0. 5 m2 Cl.)f*•tif-i-f't � . i:f:t rc 1::. - f7 - �A:h, A.1Jffl:1Jvc·-::>'l., ,"(
� 7 K7.r--t"�$Cl.)·��M� L�. �-�Cl.)-�, �-��Cl.)�-UrE$�Cl.)M*�� 3 K7.r
�- � k.. A1Jffl:1J t �-�Cl.)-���� 8 K� Lk..
jfvfE�U,EitCJ.)H• {Q =K·A (01 - 02) • t , K : �1tvit$. (kcal /m2 • h •°
C) , A : tmffi (m2) ,
Insulation Box A
Inside
Dimension 600WX400H>< 510D
Materials : Styroform
Thickness : 100 mm
Insulation Box B
280WX350Hx242D (mm)
1s1 6 ��fflf*mtmq)•m Fig. 6. Sectional structure of the heat insulation boxes (for experiment).
No. 78. 1983)
Recorder
� Thermocouple
Box A
Power
ISi 7 {l£i'lfil. �!�tiH:. .:t:; it � 1*i'lfil.m Cl) f*Ufi. �� Fig. 7. Thermal test of the heat insulation boxes in the low-temperature
room.
30
31: 25
20
1 5
10
5
10
Box A
The Total Inside Area : 1.5 m 2
/' ./ ' 0 ------
/ 0 ------
/. ------- Box B 0
_o -----------The Total Inside Area : 0.5 m2
20 30 40
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
ISi 8 A1Jffl;1J c ffijfl'{j:Cl)lffii!Jt�
50
c ·c )
Fig. 8. The relation between temperature difference in equilibrium and
input power.
125
t : �Fs1} v::. (,j:, �3[0) ���$�:x;jjJi[ :to J: u 'r - 7·· Jv�jei§ 7- f- P - 1v 0) *1* fj. § �lf!J. G O) ��
t_a*� �'l�ll-1!-f, �MHcj'e� :7- f- P - 1vifiliJ. G O) pfi5rE�M1iE:iJc --::)1.., ,-c O) �fi -0 t::.. . Lt::..i.J� -0 -C 1§-:tt'JO) J�J!tvt J:CO�fJtvfE�a� 3 vc� L 1-: J: '5 fC ft:. 9 , .:'.::. h �De -0 -C��O)*mw vcf'.'., � � � - � - 0) �-�*�k . � � • .:'.::. O) HlOO ffl*mmKtt, *M�*· ����� � k �vc FRP CsifU1iUl 7° 7 A 7 ';I !1 ) t:. J: � 1JoI� Vit C .::. Lt:. IZl 9 vc*M$§0)�;©B J: u{± ��;,r--t".
126 � 3 �� ffl f*iKHi Q) f* llla!J'HE mu 1£*5 *
Table 3. Thermal characteristics of the heat insulation box for experiment. f*lll[ffj A (f@:�iiiffi 0. 122 m2)
A )] i ;f. � fAa I ffl � llla i llla.11£ ill (W) I (°C) (°C) I (°C)
8. 1 10. 0 15. 0 21 . 6
i -25. 0 i - 12. 0 I - 19. 0 -6. 5 :
i -25. 0
I -9. 6 J - 18. 0 -2. 6 \
1 -25. o I - 18. 0 j
-2. 0 ! +5. 0 1 -25. 0 I + 7 . 0 I . - 19. o + 13. o I
13 . 0 12. 5 15. 4 15. 4 23. 0 23. 0 32. 0 32. 0
I AA:Jtv!t)¥ (kcal/ m2 •h• °C)
I 0. 359 0. 373
I 0. 374
I 0. 374 0. 376 0. 376
I 0. 389 0. 389
f*lll[ffj B (f@:�iiiffi 0. 024 m2)
A 1J 7i-� llla ffl � fAa I llla I!( ill I I I
(W) (°C) (°C) I (°C)
3. 6 1 -25. 0 1 - 12. 2 i 12. 8 - 18. 0 -s. 2 ! 12. 8 + 3. o I 6. 4 1 -
25. 0
I 28. 0 - 19. 0 +s. o I 27. 0
8. 0 I -25. 0 I + 9. 5 I 34. 5 I - 18. o + 16. 5 I 34. 5
10. 0 1 -25. 0 + 17. 5 42. 5 I - 19. o +23. 0 42. 0
j AAJtmt:$ 1 (kcal/ I m2 •h •°C)
I 0. 486 0. 486 0. 395 0. 410 0. 401 0. 401 0 . 401
I 0. 4 1 1 f � 1�1�1�1 0. 374 f � 1�1�1�1 0. 417
i i u�u
L . . .. . . . . . . ___ _ _ _ - ll . .. . "'ode . . . . . L 1
1Wo ==--= -='_J (mm) /_� �� ____J - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - -- - - - --:
I 1 i : I
FRP
r�� Veneer 2.5t
l::,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,:,:,;,;,_ Styrofoam 38t IO --
L 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-
Aluminum Foft
Heat Insulation Box for ntrument
0 0 �u ' ; �:
_ _ ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ; _ _ _ r I �--------,--.J __J I-------- ,�=--==---___I_J
� : : '
. . � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -·- - -
Handle
__ ! - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ __ \,. _ _ I 1----:� ==-1 I
Heat Insulation Box for Battery
Isl 9 H180fflf*lll[f!1iQ)-� Fig. 9. Sectional structure of the heat insulation boxes (for H 180).
No. 78 . 1983) 127
3. 1 . �:&%*1�
21��iJ:�nf[ Lf-:.�Atm{JlUO)r,lj@�� 4 r:::.�-t. 211*�:!=o J: U-t ;hJ:JlVJ }C�[i': '6 ;h21 {jzj�
O) JWjaji::pvc�t/J L'--C l. , t-=:�Afffim!Jl� fi, Y lOO, H180 :!'o .J: V� Al 0) 3 73 J=9r-c� o iJ:, Al ,�
�c"'.)1. , -o'i, ;:_ ;:_ -e �'i.b:htJ: 1. , . h: :!=o� 4 O) q=1 v·c v'i, PB5¥o�:rii2.c·O)� � JI �. s16 (R.� IJ
Er) c·O) *=iiJJ;�ti:� i ;h --c 1. , o iJ: , ;:_ ;:_ -c:· v'l Ytoo :!'o J: u HISO c·O)�AfmiJl!J ::,, ,A 7" A vc
"'.) \., , --c 0) .7;,,..gc�--t o .
YlOO �AfmlRUiH'i, 1979.1f.10 }j vc20?X8*!·c J: "':) --C�ui � ht-:.. � 10�cfmtRU,�O)-¥/f �7f
--t. ::,, 7' T A O)m�fi� 2 }C 7:G � ;h, -C 1, , o ;im. IJ , JJ.i.1J:1effi:� � 4 iru!!m Lt-=. cb 0) -c-� o . �
{I!!J�! L tUfn=iJ�. DC/DC ::Z / / � - � �vi., ��$Z'�;@ L t-:.1J,�O) i::p�ci�@': L, .... � y T !}
- 6 -&a{;5f1:iffi\.$f'i0) i=p(;cn.x.co, 'li/\0) *1vc�ui Lt-:.. �rnt�fWJ O) YlOO lt -c:·u·. , ���il!Jl*11*
O)�� c c t vc , il]�/@tr!) f9 0) ULF (:Lfu�5<\IDKfJJ) �jJl[jffl O) tJ� t �fi: � ;ht-=: . L il · L,
1980� 1 Jl 0)20, 21;kP%cO) �f�*rr�. /.�,� vc fi "':) t-:. c ;:_ 6 , 4 Er 0) Jil:;/J�ffl:�O) :> i::J 3 Er
11:t&� i t-:. vt., !1:H� L--c 1. , t-:.. Lil· L , --t""--c 0) )5d.:1J:1effl:� �tllB � "tt o ;:. 2: n: -c- � f. �
� 4 �Af&UlU :Y A T A (7)ffl,j\g�Mi!:�� Table 4. Progress of the unmanned observatory operation in Antarctica.
---- - --�·---- --- ----·-�
if. Jj B 1 � m 1 11= * F9 'ii
19801¥- 1 J3 7 B 1
1
Al ! ,S\�1i, 7'" - 7°
xffi: 1 }3 15 8 i YlOO Ii Jl.1Jje'ft�(7)�;1
128
� 10 Y 1 OOl!Ul!U,� C7) 71-W Fig. 10. Photograph of YJOO unmanned observatory.
� 11 H 180ftllfflU,� C7) 7}� Fig. 11. Photograph of H 180 unmanned observatory.
*�1[1.JO)�.@b, Gfmv!U�@z-� G � �· G z-Wt1:. iJ, --:) t::. . -::. O)f::.rhi�"f!t'l[JJO)A 2" t , , ULF
t1mum O)�@z-trtotR L, 'A�oo'f*O)wJif!IJO)� t Lt::.. -t0)1!H1, ,8���1& 2-4 �r1c1, �i.tc�
i,�J&;h,"( \, , Q 7];, friJ Gf.J,O)j&�-c :;,,7, 7 A n;P}ll:: L"C L "i ? , t t , 5 -::. t z-� D )lg Lt::. . -t
0) 1*fzsl�c "".)\, , "C �i. 4 �c·jm.r( G . -::. 0) J: 5 (rC YlOO IUJW,8 c·f;t, :RJmO) Jl*1'Egc�vi. W GhtJ:.
No. 78. 1983J 129
'./ 7-. T A O)lf�tt® 2 v:. , �Tuittir:1:· � l l v:.�-t. � l l ir• G <b iWir• .:5 J: :J v:. 2 ,@j O)*iffilrt'i c t �1\ 0) i:pv:.�fii L ts: . .:: .:: -C·O)fmffiU vt, Misj b:iff \i , fJ: il: G .tt�J¥JJl[t'Hmj v:.jjf A.d-.: . Lb· L. 1[�ffi®'t� O)��-c-:Jc�tJ:lHgcictJ Ht3*tLtJ:iJ · 0 ts: .
3. 2. 1'i:>nt.::*a�O)�t-t
A,@}O) './ 7' T A v'i, �,f L t jc:@:v:. �tffv:.vtl/Jf'p L fJ: iJ• 0 ts: . LiJ• L fJ: iJ: G , WrJtJ¥Jv:. -c· �j: � .:5 iJ:�c� iJ: � G ;h. -tOJ -$� ;:: .:: -C' iFtHr-t" Q . �ft�H:-.:. H180 -c- � G tLt-.:fmll!U�*iC '"':::>\i , -C , 3 leyjsj � c OJ {@:�� L k.
�12v:.di-fvi�:ttl! c Hl80 :tti!,12- -C· O) 12}3 0) [qiiey;M O) 3 leyiaj C' c 0) J-1.�. J.'\fPJ, �EE. �iffil �ff- Lt-:.. 'AEEvc --:>\i ,-c �:t., 2 ,� -c· v;t v!!RJ�OJ�{i::ffi [PJ �5F L-C \i , Q . ��vc --:>t, , -c �:t., � � v:t.� t.t 0 t OJ OJ v;t Vif!R.l�OJ�{l:::ffl (P]iJ:7,,.. G tL 0 ii: , -{mt-.: c x. vfl2J3 ,9 -W s ��7,,.. 0 c , tt1so -c· itn· t.t 1J mJlUIE L \, , s �11::: �� L -c \, , .:5 OJ v:., dj. f v1£Jm-c·v� v1 t A, ·E:!RJl!J i1:tJ:�i 60 G ;h f.t \i , . .:: 0) �dj. f Et £:tt!Ht, iJ • fJ: fJ J!j( \i , � v:. :to :to b n -C \i , ts: .:: � 7.i :,0-iJ" --o -C :to IJ • -t 0)1;'*7'.J:dj. -r vl£:tihOJ.lJ..r::.mnn -c \, , 0 .:: c ii:-:¥; x. G n .:5 . 1 2}3 10 s u�. J::t�El'9 �tff t.t7Z �iJ:iWE \i , -c \i , ts: t-: 60, Jl.�v:. !WJlU8'9 tJ:;Jf:1r.iJ: JµIT :ttl!iH:. :to \i , -C dj. G ;h .:5 iJ:, �-f*a"J v:. dj. f H£ :ttl! OJ :nn: m.b:� \i , . � 13 v:. 12J3 10 s il· G 14 B -! -c· 0) iiili:ttl!,S\ c·O) J\Jfil:f;> J: a J-1.fPJ OJ 1 �i1c1i c- c OJmfiJ:5F � ;n-C \i , .:5 . 11¥f:x-C·� 0 t-: 12- 13 B OJ d;,t- � d;,1- 0 c , ��iJ:�::k • �1J, v:. f.r 0 ��tiiJ: dj. -r vl£:ttl!v:.J::t""'-c H180 OJ :nn:fr! < . �f*J¥Jv:.dj. -r vi£:ttf!O) :nn: J\�n:::k � \i ,. fiIIT:tl!tS\ -c:· OJ .:: n G 0) � \i , {:. vi, WUI!U :ttl! ,S\ 0) ffi ffeI., J:: mt� 0) 1m ffi � iJ: 00 if L -C \i , .:5 .:: c ts: c' iJ: � x_ G tL .:5 . -t-c:· v:., MATsuBARA et al. (1982) -c:· v:t., HlSO -c:·� G nt.:*5=*�-ffi� v:.f�t, , , n � / � J-1.0J ITfi!¥Jts:� \i , ��ii L -C 1., , 0 .
.:: ;:: -c:·jm""' t-= './ 7' r 2,. � 1 :¥.:¥-&l c:·m�v:. :f;> \i , -c �m L t-:iJ:, -t""'-c m1un� v:. {JJJ t, , t-:. ntt-c:· v:t. t.riJ· 0 tc. . .= OJ ± tJ:rntf;§n:, =t-�:71-0J wHlii.OJ S: L, \., , gi �i�t!i:}:.� f;§ L, -c \., , .:5 c 1,, , x. 0 . � 5 v:.JJFaji:pO)::tts:i&� c Fri9ffi,� �if--t. *.�di--c t � G n• tJ:. J: 5 {:. , iifl�O) i:p-c:·itm.1JJB� �n:E£f13Ua"J v:.�n· 0 t-: . './ 7' r 2,. -t OJ ii 0) 0) rubf1F vti2i1 � n -c 1., , t.t 1,, , OJ -c, './ ;r._ r 2,. n; f.'} JJ: L, -c L -! 0 t-:.�OJik� ��o 0 .:: c a-c· � t.r t ,. .= OJ t::..th, -t OJ mtfzsliJ: c· .:: �::::. � 0 OJ iJ+t "J �
I) C tEt�-t Q C C wt c' � tJ:. iJ• 0 t-: . Lb· L, \, ,f;hv:. L -c t �jJ¥effl:t.iiJ:j:E�t 1:.mfJf'µ L -c \, ' tJ:'IJ• 0 f-= 'C.. c iJ\ :ii:*0)1*1zsl-c·� .:5 c \i ,;t .:5 . tXftcftl.1. 0)��i:.--:>l. ,-c 'A f-J t, , t-: lJ Z'31""' Q .
(1) -" � 'Y 5- !J - : Jf::Z.i]F�TuiOJ i!Jft B �iJ� G �i:B -t" .:5 c , -"� 'Y 5- !J - OJ ��OJ �jtb: , 1Etn� Ji f:.J::t ""'-C n� tJ: lJ 9'' ts: 1., ,fill c f.t 0 t-:. 1* lzsl c L -C J!x��Jlt 0) 1� ff ffl": 7J iJ: �H� J: 1J ii jc � < tJ: 0 -c \, · t-= .:: c t � 0 n: , /� ·;,, r !J - -tO) ii 0) OJ fr&mtr-c:·O)�f1::%1tiJ:Jc � 1, , t::..th c �-x.
C w w Q. en C z �
z 0 j:: 0 w a: a C z 3:
w a: :::, en en w a: Q. a: <
20 m/s
1 0
d e g
90
50
760
H 1 8 0
\\h ,----- ...... ----.. ---.. ----.. --........ ..----.... _... .. , ...... -----mb .. .... ___ , .. --- ......
...----.. ,, _ -.. --..... ___ _ .. -... __ _ .............. ,.------- -...... ,,,.,, � � � ---- ------
� 7 20
� - 1 0
� °C < a: w ll. :::\t w l-
r\ "' '\ - , I ,
\_J \ \
a: < -30
3 5
DECEMB ER
1 0
1 980
rgJ 12 H180"'f (1) 3 '*rai � .1::: (1)�� Fig. 12. Record of every three hours at H 180.
1 5
840
mb
8 1 0
-
�
* � I$ >tr . � E3
lnli
,--. 3Hr �
I
1 5
mis
Cl w w 1 0 a. Cl)
Cl z
3: 5
z 0
0 1 3 0
I- d e g 0 w a: 90 -Cl Cl z
3: 50
/',_,� I I I I I I ' I I
1-, I
I 1J
1 0
I ·-\
,--..\f,,,,/MIZUHO /.,., 1' \
,,,, ... y" I \ STATION ""'\ I 'v'\ / \ I .
,,/ \ / � ' I
\ I \ I \
\,- \ �! I \ ,- ., . \ I \ I
\r I
\ . '-:rd I / 1• - - - -
\ 1\ /i \ I \ \
l 1, -----, I
·, • ' • .IL lL
VV'···-·
',' I r' 1-J ---\ I � w
1 1 1 2
D E C E M B E R 1 9 80
lg! 13 H180 1:0:> 1 �n� ::- � 0:>itUl Fig. 13. Record of every one hour at H 180.
1 3 1 4
z 0
-
00 v.l
\....I
=fit Ji{ 'R � -::+ e)l
�t >ffl! g£ -� --.,
-
v.l -
132
ft s -*fflWY:t::� i!&• � rRi»E,¢,\Jo .1: rJ,{-(1.)JJJtfEI Table 5. The main troubles and problems, and their causes.
7°0 � 7 (1.)�ffl 5!t.!l'.�JE. ffiib, �� a :n 56 m tit �vlE -=f-(1) 7i!UA 7• 7 � (1.)�mPFtt
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J51 1 1 � . �* !@: . �EB � • �EBmaB • :nfr • . �**�- (1979) : m�r::. :r�vt o •Arorniu < 1 ) -•Aam•a�M� tam�*��•-. m�•� "· �u.
J I ! i::i �� (1979) : 1¥]��31£�. :R31£, 26 (6) , 335-346. KusuNOKI, K. (1981) : Japanese Polar Experiment (POLEX) in the Antarctic in 1978-1982. Mem.
Natl Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue, 19, 1-7. MATSUBARA, K., UENO, T., SAKAMOTO, T., MATSUHARA, K. and KAWAGUCHI, s. (1982) : Some
characteristics of wind and temperature changes in the Syowa area, Antarctica, in terms of katabatic wind. Mem. Natl Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue, 24, 87-93.
STEARNS, C. R. and SAVAGE, M. L. (1981) : Automatic weather stations, 1980-1981. Antarct. J. U. S., 16(5), 190-191 .
134
WMO (1981) : Meteorological applications of the Argos system. WMO Bull., 30(1). 14-18.
(1982�12� 1 B §'l:3:lt: 1983� 1 � 28 B �lnffli§'l:J:lt)
Date
1980 Nov. 16
17
18
19
20
i
21
ma Hl80 '1:� GtLtd&illU*-s* Appendix. Result of observation at H180.
Air Air Wind Hour pressure temper- speed (LT) (mb) ature
(m/s) (OC)
15 816. 4 - 14. 9 I 3. 1
18 815 . 4 - 17 . 0 1 2. 8
2 1 815. 0 -23 . 0 6. 0
24 816. 5 -23 . 8 1 1 . 4
03 816. 5 -23 . 4 12. 2
06 816. 0 -21 . 6 13 . 1
09 815. 8 - 18 . 3 1 1 . 9
12 815 . 3 - 16. 0 12. 4
15 815 . 1 - 15. 4 12. 2
1 8 814. 7 - 17 . 5 !
10. 3
21 815 . 0 -22. 3 10. 6
24 814. 9 -24. 9 10. 7
03 815. 4 -26. 7 10. 9
06 816 . 3 -25. 1 I
10. 5 I 21 820. 6 -25. 3 5 . 6
24 820 . 7 -28 . 5 7 . 5
12 823 . 5 - 15. 7 10. 3
15 823 . 3 - 14. 6 10. 1
18 822. 7 - 15. 9 9 . 9
21 822. 7 - 18 . 7 12. 9
24 822. 9 - 19. 5 13 . 9
03 822. 9 - 18. 9 15 . 2
06 822. 3 - 18 . 0 16. 5
09 822. 5 - 16. 5 17 . 0
12 823. 4 - 14. 4 16. 0
15 823 . 9 - 12. 8 14. 3
1 8 824. 4 -13 . 8 12. 3
21 825 . 8 - 17 . 0 12. 3
24 826. 4 - 19. 8 13 . 4
03 827 . 0 -21 . 8 10. 9
06 826. 3 - 19. 4 12. 5
Wind direction
(36)
I 06 I
10 I l 10
09 09
10
09
09 08
08 08
09 08
08
I 10
09 08
07 I 08 I 08
08
08 08
I 08 08
08
08
08
09
I 08
09
No. 78. 1983) 135
Appendix (continued).
Air Air I Wind J Wind Date Hour pressure temper- i speed : direction (LT)
(rnb) ature I (rn/s) I (36) (OC)
1980 I Nov. 21 09 826. 1 - 15. 3 1 1 . 6 09
12 825 . 9 - 12. 0 1 3 . 1 09 15 825. 5 - 1 1 . 0 12. 0 08 18 825. 0 - 1 1 . 4 7 . 6 I 08 2 1 824. 5 - 16. 0 1 1 . 2 10
24 822. 9 - 19. 5 1 3. 5 10 22 03 821 . 3 -20. 9 14. 4 10
12 820. 6 - 14. 7 10. 2 07 15 820. 9 - 13 . 2 9. 9 06
18 820. 7 - 13 . 5 3 . 8 07 21 821 . 2 - 15. 6 5 . 7 08 24 821 . 8 - 17 . 9 7 . 7 10
23 03 822. 8 -21 . 5 4. 0 10 06 822. 8 - 18 . 5 9 . 3 10 09 822. 4 - 14. 4 8 . 2 10
1 2 822. 0 - 10. 7 8 . 0 08 15 821 . 3 -9. 4 7. 1 08 18 820. 7 - 1 1 . 5 4. 5 09 2 1 820 . 2 - 16. 0 4. 9 06 24 819. 6 - 19. 3 8 . 2 09
24 03 818 . 7 -20. 7 8 . 9 09 06 817. 0 - 18. 8 9 . 9 10 09 8 14. 9 - 15 . 9 14. 0 10 12 814. 2 - 14. 9 14. 7 10 15 8 14. 4 - 13 . 1 12. 7 08 18 815. 6 - 13 . 7 10. 7 08 21 817. 8 - 16. 9 9 . 3 09 24 819. 3 - 18 . 5 10 . 6 10
25 03 819. 8 -20. 3 10. 6 10 06 819. 5 - 18 . 2 1 1 . 4 10 09 819. 1 - 13 . 8 1 1 . 5 09 12 818 . 7 - 10. 2 9. 2 09 15 818. 9 -9. 8 7 . 1 08 18 818 . 5 - 10 . 0 4. 7 10
2 1 818 . 2 - 1 1 . 9 9. 2 10 24 819. 2 - 15. 7 10. 5 09
26 03 819. 5 - 16 . 5 9. 8 10 06 8 18. 8 - 17 . 0 8 . 9 I 10
09 8 17 . 3 - 12. 3 8. 7 I 10 I
12 814. 9 -9. 0 1 . 2 I 1 2
I 15 813 . 2 - 8. 7 6. 5 11
136
Appendix (continued).
Air I Air Wind Wind Date Hour pressure I temper- speed direction (LT) (mb) I ature (m/s) (36) (OC)
1980 I Nov. 26 18 8 1 1 . 7 -9. 4 5 . 0 12
21 810. 8
I
- 14. 4 7 . 3 11 24 812. 0 - 16 . 7 10. 7 10
27 03 812. 5 - 18 . 9 12. 9 09
06 8 14. 0 - 18. 0 1 1 . 8 09
09 816 . 9 - 14. 9 12. 2 09
12 818 . 2 1 - 11 . 5 9 . 8 07
15 819. 4 i - 10. 1 1 1 . 0 08
18 i 820. 1 - 10. 8 7 . 9 08
21 I
821 . 2 - 15 . 4 7 . 8 11 I 24 821 . 9 - 18. 1 10. 9 10
28 03 822. 4 I
- 18 . 7 1 1 . 2 10 l
06 822. 5 - 17 . 5 1 1 . 4 10 09 822. 6 - 13 . 9 10. 0 10
12 822. 0 - 1 1 . 3 10. 0 09
15 821 . 1 - 10. 5 6. 9 10 1 8 819. 5 - 12. 2 3 . 8 12
21 817 . 6 - 19. 4 4. 4 1 3
24 8 15. 6 -24. 7 4. 6 12 I
29 03 813 . 8 -25. 6 5 . 1 12
06 8 1 1 . 7 -21 . 9 6. 3 11 09 810. 5 - 17 . 4 7 . 9 09
12 810. 2 - 14. 0 8 . 4 07
15 809. 3 - 12. 6 7 . 0 05
18 808. 7 - 14. 0 5 . 3 06
21 808. 1 - 18 . 7 8 . 4 08
24 808. 8 -21 . 6 9 . 4 09
30 03 808. 9 -22. 0 9 . 4 09
06 809. 2 -20. 3 10. 7 09
09 809. 5 - 16. 3 1 1 . 9 09
12 809. 9 - 13 . 9 9 . 9 08
15 810. 4 - 13 . 0 9 . 0 08
18 ! 8 10. 5 - 13 . 1 7. 7 08
21 8 1 1 . 0 - 17 . 9 6 . 7 11 24 8 1 1 . 7 -21 . 7 8. 0 11
Dec. 1 03 812. 4 -22. 5 8 . 8 10
06 i 813 . 3 - 18 . 9 8. 1 09
09 8 14. 7 i - 14. 6 9. 5 09
12 8 16. 5 - 1 1 . 3 8 . 6 07
15 8 17 . 7 - 10. 8 7 . 5 07
18 8 18. 2 - 1 1 . 9 I 5. 2 08 !
No. 78. 1983)
Date
Appendix (continued).
A· - -Air - W� -d-- --- Wind Hour ir temper- m (LT) pressure , ature speed direction
_ _ __ _ ___ _ ____ ______ __ __ (�b2_ · _ ___ (oC)_ ___ , (m/s) (36) 1980
Dec . 1
2
3
4
5
6
21 24 03 06 09 12 1 5 1 8 2 1 24 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24
03 06
09 12
15 18
2 1 24
03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24 03 06 09 12 15 18 21
818 . 8 819 . 9 821. 2 821 . 9 822. 1 821 . 5 821 . 2 821. 2 821. 2 821 . 4 821 . 4 820. 8 820. 9 820. 8 820. 7 820. 2 820 . 4 821 . 1 821 . 4 821 . 8 822. 5 823 . 2 823 . 2 822. 9 822 . 8 822. 4
821 . 8 820 . 6 819. 8 819. 5
819. 1 8 17 . 8 8 16. 9 8 16. 6 816. 2 816. 1 9 16. 6 817 . 1 8 17 . 0 816. 3 816. 1
- 16. 5 -18. 3 - 18 . 3
- 17 . 6 - 14. 6 - 12. 0 -11. 3 -11 . 8 - 16. 6 -21 . 0 -22. 1 - 19 . 8 - 16. 1 - 1 1 . 4
-8. 0 -4. 6
- 15 . 0 -23. 8 -24. 9 -22. 0 - 16. 6 - 12. 4
-11. 3 - 12. 5
-17. 9 -24. 0
- 25. 4 - 21 . 9 - 17 . 2 -14. 3 - 13 . 6 - 15. 0 - 19. 9 -24. 9 -23 . 5 -21 . 0 - 16. 6 - 13 . 9 - 13 . 2 -14. 4 - 15. 8
5. 8 8 . 2 9. 3 9 . 0 9 . 6
10. 3 9. 4 5. 2 5 . 9 6 . 1 7 . 2 6. 8 5. 3 3 . 9
1 . 4 0. 0 1 . 4 3 . 9
4. 7 5. 2
4. 5 3 . 8 2 . 9 1 . 6 3 . 1 3 . 8
4. 3 4. 3 5. 2 6 . 3
6. 5 6 . 0 4. 1 5. 7 8 . 9 9 . 0 9. 2 9 . 5
10. 2 10. 4 9 . 7
1 1 09 09 10 09 09 08 08 09 10
10 10 10 07
10 1 3 17 1 1
10 09
08 04 26 06 09 1 1
10
1 1 08 06
05 06 09 09 09 09 08 07
07 07 08
137
138
Date Hour (LT)
1980 Dec. 6 24
7 03
06
09
12
15 18 21
24
8 03
06
09 12
15 18
21
24
9 03
06
09 12
15 18 21
24
10 03
06
09
12
15
18
21
24
1 1 03
06
09
12 15 18 21
24
::k:tJBfr� • li,,83 •
Appendix (continued).
I Air I pressure I (mb)
I I
i-I 816. 3 I
816. 6
817 . 0
817 . 8
818. 6
819. 2
819. 3
819. 1
818 . 8
817 . 9
816. 8
815. 9 815. 4
814. 9
814. 3
814. 3
814. 8
815. 4
816. 3
818. 3
819. 7
820. 9 821 . 6
822. 2
822. 7
823. 3
823. 8
824. 6
824. 7
824. 7
824. 1
823. 3
823. 2
823. 0
822. 9
823. 1
823. 0
822. 5
821 . 4
820. 3
820. 0
Air temper-
ature (OC)
- 16. 6
- 16. 9
- 16. 4
- 14. 5
- 12. 7
- 12. 8
- 14. 0
- 18 . 7
- 19. 5
-21 . 5
-20. 3
- 16. 1 - 13 . 2
- 10. 7
- 12. 1
- 13 . 8
- 16. 5
- 18 . 1
- 17. 4
- 15. 3
- 1 1 . 9
- 10. 9
- 1 1 . 8
- 15. 4
- 18. 1
-20. 7
- 17. 6
- 14. 5
- 12. 4
- 1 1 . 7
-9. 2
- 19. 2
-24. 8
-25. 4 -22. 3
- 16. 9
- 14. 0
- 12. 3
- 13. 8
-21 . 5
-22. 1
Ollffiftfl
Wind Wind speed direction (m/s) (36) --�- �- - ---
10. 8 08 10. 1 08 9. 8 08
10. 6 07 1 1 . 2 05 8. 8 05 6. 7 05 5. 3 07 6. 8 09 6. 6 09 6. 4 09 6. 3 08 5. 3 06 3 . 1 08 1 . 7 28 1 . 4 07 2. 5 06 3 . 9 06 6. 0 08 6. 2 07
5. 8 04 3 . 9 28
2. 9 28 2. 2 04 3 . 7 08 5. 2 09 5. 9 08 6. 4 08 6. 4 05 4. 8 04 1 . 2 04 3 . 8 1 1 5. 2 1 3 5 . 8 1 1 6. 1 10 6 . 8 08 5. 4 08 3 . 1 08 2. 8 12 4. 3 1 3 5 . 7 10
No. 78. 1983]
Date
1980 Dec. 12
1 3
14
15
16
Hour (LT)
03
06
09
12
1 5
1 8
2 1
24
03
06
09
21
24
03
06
09
12
15
18
2 1
24
03
06
09
12
1 5
1 8
2 1
24
03 06
09
12
1 5 - ------ - -------·-
�;@Hc .}; lt Q �A.fmilW ( II )
Appendix (continued). ---- - -- - - - -- - ---· -- - -
Air Air pressure temper-
(mb)
820. 1
8 19 . 5
8 18 . 9
8 17 . 7
8 16 . 9
8 1 5 . 8
8 15 . 2
8 15 . 2
8 15 . 1
8 15 . 2
8 15 . 6
8 16. 4
8 17 . 0
8 17 . 6
8 17 . 8
8 17 . 6
8 17 . 3
8 16. 7
8 15 . 3
8 13 . 9
8 1 3 . 1
8 1 3 . 0
8 12. 5
8 12 . 1
8 12. 6
8 1 3 . 5
8 14. 2
8 1 5 . 5
8 17 . 0
8 18 . 1
8 18 . 8
8 19. 0
8 19. 5
820. 2
- - -
ature (OC)
- 22. 9
- 21 . 6
- 18 . 0
- 14. 3
- 1 3 . 1
- 1 3 . 3
-20. 0
-22. 7
- 1 3. 8
- 22 . 4
- 18 . 2
- 19 . 1
- 22 . 5
- 22 . 1
- 18 . 8
- 12 . 9
- 10. 4
-9. 4
-6 . 9
- 1 6. 6
-20. 2
- 19 . 3
- 17 . 0
- 15 . 6
- 12. 8
- 1 1 . 3
- 1 1 . 6
- 15 . 0
- 18 . 9
- 17 . 0
- 15 . 7
- 1 3 . 1
- 10. 9 - 10. 2
Wind speed (m/s)
6. 8
7 . 1
7 . 5
6 . 3
5 . 0
2 . 6
5. 7
7 . 9
9 . 6
9. 8
8 . 7
4. 6
6. 7
6. 4
6. 7
8. 7
8 . 8
7 . 8
1 . 2
4. 6
6. 4
7 . 9
10. 7
10. 4
1 1 . 5 10. 7
7 . 1
6 . 9
6 . 9
1 1 . 9
1 I . 0
1 1 . 5 12. 9
10 . 6 - - - - ---- - --- - -- - �------- --� -�--- -
1 39
Wind direction
(36)
09
09
09
07
06
07
09
09
09
09
09
10 09
09
09
08
07
05 12
1 1 10
09 10
09
07
07
07
08
10
09
09
09
07
07
