MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez
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Transcript of MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez
MLAB 1415- HematologyKeri Brophy-Martinez
Chapter 1Introduction to Hematology
Chapter 1: Terms
Hematology Study of formed cellular blood elements: the white blood
cells, red blood cells and platelets
Hemostasis Arrest of bleeding by the formation of a barrier to blood
loss Maintenance of an adequate number of cells to carry out
the functions of the organism
Hematopoiesis Dynamic formation and development of blood cells,
normally in the bone marrow Process responsible for the replacement of circulating
blood cells
Chapter 1
Functions of the Hematology lab Confirm a physician’s clinical impression
of a possible hematological disorder Establish a diagnosis or rule out a
diagnosis Detect an unsuspected disorder Monitor the effects of radiation or
chemotherapy
Chapter 1: Blood Composition
Plasma: 55% Constituents of Plasma
Water (92%) Solutes(8%)
Albumins Globulins Fibrinogen Others ( electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, lipids,
salts, enzymes and carbohydrates)
Chapter 1:Functions of Plasma
Transport medium for nutrients & metabolites
Immune Defense
Coagulation
Chapter 1: Blood Composition
Cellular Elements Leukocytes: 1%
White Blood Cell= WBC Granulocytes- fight infection Lymphocytes- cellular and humoral immunity Monocytes- phagocytosis of foreign substances and dead or
dying cells Platelets: 1%
Thrombocytes Help to maintain hemostasis by plugging capillaries and forming
clots Actually a fragment of cytoplasm from megakaryocyte
Erythrocytes: 43% Red Blood Cell= RBC
Transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissues RBC’s do not have a nucleus
AA Erythrocytes (RBCs) Erythrocytes (RBCs)
B&HB&H Lymphocytes Lymphocytes
C&E Segmented neutrophilC&E Segmented neutrophil
D D Eosinophil Eosinophil
F F Monocyte Monocyte
G G Platelets Platelets
I I Neutrophilic band Neutrophilic band
J J Basophil Basophil
55%
45%
proteins, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, and respiratory gases
Chapter 1: Blood Composition
Plasma: liquid portion of blood from an anticoagulated tubes
Serum: liquid portion of blood from a clotted specimen
Chapter 1: Reference range
Differ according to age, race, sex and geographic location
Established by individual facilities in order to account for patient population
Refer to inside covers of textbook to review various reference ranges
Overview: Laboratory testing
Complete Blood Count= CBC Quantifies the white blood cells (WBC),
red blood cells (RBC) , hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets.
Calculates the RBC indices WBC Differential: enumeration of the
types of WBC’s, RBC morphology, platelets