Online & New MediaClass Introduction

SNC-MKTG350August 21, 2013

Tonight’s Agenda: Why the Web• Brief history of the internet• Shift from academia to business tool• How information travels• Internet governance• Browsers made all the difference• Purpose of a website/mobile site

A brief history• Leonard Kleinrock at MIT published the

first paper on packet switching theory in July 1961

• “Internetworking” became possible in 1970’s when many computers exchanged data

Value of Decentralization

• Multiple paths between two points• Faster• Not limited by delays; max capacity

What tools were we communicating with in 1964?

3 Key Ideas

• Packet switching• Decentralization• Digital vs. ??

Academia to Business

• 1981 - Access to the ARPANET was expanded when the National Science Foundation developed the Computer Science Network (NSFNET)

• 1986 – Access to the ARPANET expanded again as NSFNET provided access to U.S. supercomputer sites from researchers and schools.

• Late 1980’s – Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge

• 1990 – The ARPANET was decommissioned

• 1995 – NSFNET decommissioned, removing last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.

They grow so quickly!

The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape is nearly complete: – Internet only communicated 1% of the

information in two-way telecommunications networks in 1993

– 51% by 2000– more than 97% of the telecommunicated

information by 2007.[1]

"A network of such computers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines which provided the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and such symbiotic functions."

—J.C.R. Licklider, 1960

Academia to Business• Moved research and papers through networks• 1979 CompuServe offered electronic mail• 1980 CompuServe offered real-time chat• Bulletin board systems emerged• Dial-up emerged as a public offering• AOL offered content, email• Protocols began to align, widening networkability

3 Key Ideas

• NSFNET’s decommission• Internet protocols• Chat, then email, then sites

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)• Late 1980’s– Provided alternate network access– Supported regional research networks initially

• 1992 Congress passed Scientific & Advanced Technology Act: NSF could support non-research related networks.

• 1995 NSF ended “backbone” sponsorship for researchers, allowing researchers to use commercial ISPs.

Governance

• ICANN – Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers– Internet Protocol Addresses: 255.255.255.0– Domain Name System: www.google.com

• Network Solutions formed 1991:– Registered top-level domains: .com, .net, .edu, .org

Browser Love

Hypertext

• Easy way to manage long documents• Allows “jumping” among various reference

points in documents• Started with DOS programs in late 1980’s• “Browsers” depended on reading HTML• Protocols grew out of need to optimize

Purpose of a Website

Who invented the internet?