Zohaib Hasan

2012-ag-3604

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RANGEMANAGEMENT

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

FAISALABAD

Research Topic

MIXING OF RYE GRASS (Lolium multiflorum) WITH ANNUAL SOWN LEGUME COMMON VETCH

(Vicia sativa. L) FOR MAXIMIZING FRESH AND DRY MATTER YEILD THROUGH RCBD.

AT

National Agriculture Research Center (NARC)

Rangeland Research institute (RRI)

Introduction to Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorium)

Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses

Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

Ryegrass should not be confused with rye,

which is a grain crop.

Species

Lolium hybridum

Lolium multiflorium

Lolium perenne

Uses of Rye Grass

contains some species which are used in both lawn and pastures

Used for grazing and hay making.

Ryegrass is also used in soil erosion control programme.

Introduction to Common Vetch (Vicia sativa)

nitrogen fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae.

This hardy plant often grown as green manure or livestock fodder.

The fruit is a legume pod up to 6 or 7 centimeters long.

It contains 4-12 seeds.

Species

1. Vicia Cordata

2. Vicia nigra

3. Vicia sativa

Uses of Common Vetch

These are sown with different forage crops to improve the production and with different grasses as pasture and for grazing purposes

Vicia sativa. L have cylindrical root nodules of the intermediate type and are thus nitrogen fixing plants

Aims and Objectives

Aim and objective during this internship programme will be:

To determine the increase in growth and yield of Rye grass (Lolium mulltiflorium) by increment in Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa. L) legume.

Plot Dimension and design

The plot size is 2×3=6 m and distance from plot to plot is 1.5m for easy access and to avoid any type competition for nutrition. The experiment is laid out in RCBD with five treatments and three replications of each treatment.

Table No 1: Plot size 14m×36m; Path 1.5m each; Plot size 3.5m×6m (Date of sowing3/12/2015)

R1 R2 R3

T1 Rye grass 100% 8 LinesRye grass 75% 6 Lines

Common Vetch 25% 2 Lines

Rye grass 50% 4 Lines Common Vetch

50% 4 Lines

T2Rye grass 25% 2 Lines

Common Vetch 75% 6 linesCommon Vetch 100% 8 Lines Rye grass 100% 8 Lines

T3Rye grass 50% 4 Lines

Common Vetch 50% 4 Lines

Rye grass 25% 2 Lines

Common Vetch 75% 6 lines

Ryegrass 75% 6 Lines

Common Vetch 25% 2 Lines

T4Ryegrass 75% 6 Lines

Common Vetch 25% 2 LinesRye grass 100% 8 Lines

Rye grass 25% 2 Lines

Common Vetch 75% 6 Lines

T5 Common Vetch 100% 8 LinesRye grass 50% 4 Lines

Common Vetch 50% 4 LinesCommon Vetch 100% 8 Lines

Table No 2: Average rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and pan evaporation of experimental area for 2014-15

MonthRainfall

(mm)

Min Temp (

0C )

Max Temp

( 0C )Relative Humidity (%) Pan Evap.(mm)

Wind Speed

(Km/h)

October 12.59 16.6 29.5 78 2.96 37.3

November 18.57 6.8 23.6 71 1.86 28.6

December 2.22 4.0 19.5 70 1.31 25.7

January 7.09 2.29 23.0 69 1.42 32.4

February 77.15 5.79 18.1 74 1.70 40.0

March 284.43 9.66 21.0 76 2.29 38.5

April 12.96 13.57 27.8 66 4.17 49.9

May 76.93 18.05 32.45 63 5.43 67.15

Table No 3: Data collected on 12th Feb

R1 R2 R3

T1

Rye grass

100%

2 lines

2.2 inches

Nil

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

2.12 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

3.25 inches

10 leaves/Branch

6 branches/Plant

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

2.15 inches

Common Vetch

50 % (4 lines)

3.3 inches

12 leaves/Branch

3 branches/Plant

T2

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

3.15 inches

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

3.5 inches

13 leaves/Branch

11 branches/Plant

Common Vetch

100% (3 lines)

2.99 inches

17 leaves/Branches

7 branches/Plant

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

2.34 inches

Nil

T3

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

3 inches

Common Vetch

50% (4 lines)

4 inches

12 leaves/Branch

2 branches/Plant

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

3.28 inches

7 leaves/Branch

12 branches/Plant

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

4.3 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

14 leaves/Branch

13 branches/Plant

T4

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

2.17 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

2.6 inches

15 leaves/Branch

4 branches/Plant

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

2.23 inches

Nil

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

3.15 inches

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

2.35 inches

13 leaves/Branches

2 branches/Plant

T5

Common Vetch

100%

8 lines

3.23 inches

22 leaves/Branch

5 branches/Plant

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

2.34 inches

Common Vetch

50% (4 lines)

2.43 inches

7 leaves/Branches

5 branches/Plant

Common Vetch

100% (8 lines)

3.2 inches

19 leaves/Branch

5 branch/Plant

Table No 4: Data collected on 26th Feb

R1 R2 R3

T1

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

4.4 inches

Nil

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

3.03 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

4.75 inches

45 leaves/Branch

26 branches/Plant

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

4.05 inches

Common Vetch

50 % (4 lines)

5.5 inches

50 leaves/Branch

13 branches/Plant

T2

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

4.5 inches

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

4.5 inches

33 leaves/Branch

11 branches/Plant

Common Vetch

100% (3 lines)

4.88 inches

37 leaves/Branches

27 branches/Plant

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

4.25 inches

Nil

T3

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

4.89 inches

Common Vetch

50% (4 lines)

7.08 inches

40 leaves/Branch

20 branches/Plant

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

5.83 inches

37 leaves/Branch

22 branches/Plant

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

3.83 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

41 leaves/Branch

23 branches/Plant

T4

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

5 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

7.32 inches

35 leaves/Branch

24 branches/Plant

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

4.3 inches

Nil

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

4.01 inches

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

5.08 inches

33 leaves/Branches

22 branches/Plant

T5

Common Vetch

100%

8 lines

4.66 inches

42 leaves/Branch

25 branches/Plant

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

1.69 inches

Common Vetch

50% (4 lines)

2.09 inches

7 leaves/Branches

5 branches/Plant

Common Vetch

100% (8 lines)

5 inches

45 leaves/Branch

25 branch/Plant

Table No 5: Data collected on 11th March

R1 R2 R3

T1

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

5.5 inches

Nil

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

5 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

6.75 inches

45 leaves/Branch

26 branches/Plant

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

5.25 inches

Common Vetch

50 % (4 lines)

7 inches

50 leaves/Branch

13 branches/Plant

T2

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

6.5 inches

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

6.5 inches

33 leaves/Branch

11 branches/Plant

Common Vetch

100% (3 lines)

6.75 inches

37 leaves/Branches

27 branches/Plant

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

5.25 inches

Nil

T3

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

6 inches

Common Vetch

50% (4 lines)

9.5 inches

40 leaves/Branch

20 branches/Plant

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

7.83 inches

37 leaves/Branch

22 branches/Plant

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

5.83 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

41 leaves/Branch

23 branches/Plant

T4

Rye grass

75% (6 lines)

6 inches

Common Vetch

25% (2 lines)

9 inches

35 leaves/Branch

24 branches/Plant

Rye grass

100%

8 lines

5.3 inches

Nil

Rye grass

25% (2 lines)

612 inches

Common Vetch

75% (6 lines)

7.5 inches

33 leaves/Branches

22 branches/Plant

T5

Common Vetch

100%

8 lines

6.66 inches

42 leaves/Branch

25 branches/Plant

Rye grass

50% (4 lines)

5.34 inches

Common Vetch

50% (4 lines)

2.43 inches

37 leaves/Branches

25 branches/Plant

Common Vetch

100% (8 lines)

6.62 inches

45 leaves/Branch

25 branch/Plant

RESULTTable No 6: For Rye grass (Lolium multiflorium)

Sr. No Fresh wt. (kg) Dry wt. (kg)

1 22 12.9

2 29 11.6

3 21 10.29

4 19 8.17

5 20.1 16.05

6 26 12.48

7 27 10.26

8 25.5 10.2

9 25 11.75

10 22 12.32

11 24 9.84

12 25 13.5

Total= 286.7 139.36

Total Fresh weight= 286.7

Area = 14 m * 36 m = 504m2

Yield from 504m2 is =286.7kg /ha

Yield from 1m2 is = 286.7/504

Yield from 1ha = 286.7/504 *10000 =5688 Kg/ha

Yield in mounds =5688/40 =142.2 m/ha

Total Dry weight= 139.36

Yield from 504m2 is=139.36

Yield from 1ha = 139.36/504*10000=2765.04Kg/ha

Yield in mounds =69.12m/ha

Table No 7: For Common Vetch (Vicia sativa.L)

Sr. No Fresh wt. (kg) Dry wt. (kg)

1 36 11.88

2 39 15.6

3 37 18.5

4 34 20.4

5 38 20.9

6 35 20.75

7 31 12.09

8 29 14.21

9 37 12.95

10 30 9

11 34 12.58

12 38 15.2

Total= 418 179.06

Total Fresh weight= 418

Area =14 m * 36m=504m2

Yield from 504m2 is =418 kg /ha

Yield from 1m2 is = 418/504

Yield from 1ha = 418/504 *10000 =8293.65Kg/ha

Yield in mounds =207m/ha

Total Dry weight= 179.06

Yield from 504m2 is=179.06

Yield from 1ha =179.06/504*10000=3553.37Kg/ha

Yield in mounds =88.83m/ha

Nursery Practices

Shifting of plants

Preparation of Nursery bed

Placement of tubes in beds

Weeding

Preparation & Plantation of cuttings

Shifting of plants

At theday1st in nursery of (RRI) we were assigned to shift MPTS plants (2000) from green house to the open beds of the nursery of RRI (NARC).

The purpose of assigning this work to our group is to provide technical knowledge about; how to shift the tubed plants from green house to open beds without damaging the tubes and plant.

Preparation of Nursery beds

We learned how to prepare nursery bed. Nursery Incharge gives us instruction about plot dimensions, size and leveling the nursery beds.

And also teach us the demerits of unleveled nursery beds.

Removal of Polythene bags

Levelling of beds

After removal of polythene bags we properly cleaned the beds and then levelled this by using spade and khurpa.

Placement of tubes in beds.

Proper filling of polythene bags (tubes) is the most important measure for a good nursery.

Bag is continuously tapped on ground during filling to maintain the accurate filling with mixture.

After that it makes easy to place the tubes in the beds.

Weeding

The plant which grows out of its proper place is considered as weed

Weeds must be removed from the planted experimental area for reducing the competition for moisture, essential nutrients growth space and sunlight.

Preparation & Plantation of cuttings

Cuttings should be of rill thickness and 9cm long having 4-5 buds.

While we planting it in a tube we must note that 3-4 buds should be in the soil so that rate of sprouting is more than 90%