Mitraism Mitras is slaying the sacred bull who represents spring, releasing life- giving forces to...
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Mitraism
• Mitras is slaying the sacred bull who represents spring, releasing life-giving forces to the snake (earth), scorpion (autumn) is sapping the bull’s strength.
• Sun god (Helios) vs. moon godess (Luna).
• Religious emphasis: struggle of good vs. evil. Triumph of life over death.
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Early Christian Art
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Conversion of Constantine the Great in 312 CE
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IN HOC SIGNO VINCESIn this sign, conquer.
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ma
• Marks the beginning of the Middle Ages.
• The Renaissance in the 1400s marks the end of the Middle Ages.
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• Milivan Bridge victory
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Young Constantine
• With the Edict of Milan, he declared religious tolerance in 313 BC
• 325 BC Christianity became the official religion of the empire.
• By 380 Theodosius I declared it to be the sole religion and …
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• The western empire became the seat of Roman Catholicism
• The eastern empire became the seat of Eastern Orthodox
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West (Rome) and East
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What is Christianity?
• It is based on the life and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
• The Roman authorities saw him as subversive, had him arrested, tried and crucified (executed) on a cross.
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Catacomb of Santissimi Pietro e Marcellino
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Prefiguration
• Jonah spent 3 days in the belly of the whale and was released unharmed.
• Christ spend 3 days in the tomb before his resurrection.
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Catacomb is an underground burial place
• Good Shepherd• Orant• Jonah
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Basilica plan
• First, the basilica was a civic space for the senate to meet. Then, the plan design “stuck” and became the plan for all of the churches after Christianity was legalized.
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Old St. Peter’s basilica in Rome
• Nave: central aisle.
• Trussed wooden roof.
• Built over St. Peter’s grave.
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Sta. Costanza, Rome 350 CE
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Mausoleum of Constania, Constantine’s daughter
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Central plan
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Ring-shaped “aisle”, domed cylindrical core, large niches, built over a catacomb.
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Mosaic in apse
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Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, 425-450 CE
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Interior, Galla Placidia, Ravenna
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Orthodox baptistery, Ravenna
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Orthodox Baptistery, Ravenna400-458 CE
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Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome432-440 CE
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Triumphal Arch Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
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The Parting of Lot and Abraham, Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
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Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, 359 CE, marble (3’10” x 8’)
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
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• Interior of Hagia Sophia
• Dome on pendentive
• Anthenius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
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Hagia Sophia
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Hagia Sophia
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Hagia Sophia
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• Christ the Pantocrator
• Monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt
• Encaustic on panel
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Jacob Wrestling with and AngelVienna Genesis, early 6th c. CE
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Virgin and Child Enthroned between Saints and Angels
• Encaustic• Late 6th c. CE• Monastery of St.
Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt
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Joshua and the Emissaries from Gibeon, Joshua Roll, 950 CE, tempera on vellum, (12”)
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The Crucifixion and he Iconoclasts
• Khludov (Chludov) Psalter, 843 CE
• Tempera on vellum
• 7 ¾” x 6”
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David Composing the
Psalms
• Melody• Mountains
of Bethlehem
• Echo
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Harbaville Triptych
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