MIT_PSFC@Boston 2005/08/03 dc Superconducting Power Transmission Line in Chubu University Presented...

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03

dc Superconducting Power Transmission Linein Chubu University

Presented by S. [email protected]


Contents1) Introduction of HTS Power

cable2) Present status of ac power

cable system3) DC Power Transmission System4) Proposal of dc

superconducting power transmission system


Start of ac Power Transmission

1) Replace of Copper cable2) High current density of HTS cable3) Low Cost of civil engineering4) Good for Metropolitan Area, like New

York & Tokyo

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Started by Sumitomo in Japan


Present System of ac Power Transmission

NuclearPower PlantOil/GasPower PlantHydraulicPower PlantSub-Station1500 - 275kV

Sub-Station2275 - 154kV77 -33kV

Factory77 - 22kVBuilding77 - 22kVSub-Station36.6kVFactory6.6kVTrans. Building6.6kVHomesShopsFactories

200 -100VJapanese System >300kmdistance >50km < 20km

superconducting ac cable


Goal of ac Power Transmission

Low Loss Cable Main loss is due t

oAC losses!

Power is consumed by Cryo-cooler

From memo of Sumitomo in 1990’s4 times Higher@present time

copper cable HTS cable

goal

normalized loss

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03ac Power Transmission

Projects

From memo of Sumitomo


NEDO 500m Cable Project

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Project is terminated March, 2005!

2005 2001 Fiscal Year


Present Cable Projects in the World

US several projects in NY and Long IslandKorea KEPRI, now installing by SumitomoChina InnoST & Universities

These are all ac cable projects!


Present Summary of ac HTS Cables

Review and Check Basic Ideas

1) Reduce ac Losses ~ 1/4 is required2) Reduce the Cost ~ 1/10 is required3) Reduce heat leak ~ 1/3 is required4) Reduce Pressure Drop

5) How to re-start the National Project in Japan!


Proposal of dc SC transmission line

y0: Initial cost of ac Cu cable system

y1: Initial cost of dc Cu cable system High Inverter Cost

x0 ~ 300 km for present system

y2: Initial cost of dc SC cable system　 Inverter, Cryo-cooler Costsfor long distance,

ac Cu cable < dc Cu cable < dc SC Cable

distanceCost/Powerac Cu power cable dc Cu power cabledc SC power Cablex0x1x2y0y1y2


dc Power Transmission in World

総合電気雑誌 OHM 1999 / 1 p.45 図１より引用

Nelsonriver 240km 500MW

Newzealand 617km 1240MW

Inter-mountain 785km 1920MW

Ekibasutsuusu-centa 2400km 6000MW

Pacific intertie 1361km 1100MW

Vancouver

Quebec-NewEngland

1486km 2250MW

Gotland

98km 260MW

Vienna 600MW

Crosschannel 70km 1000MW

Shyanghai 1046km 1200MW

Ninamifukumitsu 300MW

Ultra high Voltage systemLong distance systemMany system in all over the world


Development of Electric PowerUS - GRID2030

China150GW is underconstruction now.18GW/year until 2020

300GW until 2020dc transmission for long distance


dc transmission system

Electric Generator

xcircuit breakerTrans. Inverter dc reactorElectirc Inverter Transmissioncable

Trans. Inverter dc reactorElectirc Inverter xac Power Gridcircuit breaker dc transmission system

Merit & demerit1) Advantage for long distance2) High utilization factor3) Available for different frequency4) High cost by Inverter

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03Low cost

Inverter(1)Development of low cost inverter - Application of Hybrid car’s Inverter





Battery- dc Motor -ac in Toyota Prius

VVVF inverterLow Cost ! Less than 1/10


Low Cost Inverter(2)Inverters of Electric Vehicle and Power

Cables

Distance DeviceSwitichingFreq.

DeviceVoltage

DeviceCurrent

CircuitVoltage

CirucitCurrent

Power

Electric Vehicle Å@< 5 m IGBT > 10 kHz not open not open 500V - 650V not open 50kW - 120kW

Honsyu-Hokkaido 168 km SCR < 1 kHz 4 kV 1.5 kA Å}250 kV 1.2 kA 0.6 GW

Honsyu-Sikoku 102 km SCR < 1 kHz 8 kV 3.5 kA Å}500 kV 2.8 kA 2.8 GW

Ekibatsusute-centa2,400 km SCR < 1 kHz Å}750 kV 6.0 GW

dc power transmission: High Voltage/series connection

EV : Low Voltage / series and parallel connection High switching freq. ⇨ low higher harmonics　　　　　　　　　　 ⇨ high efficiency & low loss ⇨ hard serial connection


Low Cost Inverter(3)Inverter for SC Cable & connection

1) Thyrister is used for power transmission line, and its voltage and current are ~ 4 kV and ~3 kA

2) IGBT is used for EV, and its voltage and current are 1.7 kV and ~ 100 A

3) Ic of Bi-2223 tape is ~100A in the present time4) Insulated and individual connection of the tape and the inverter is b

etter to avoid the current imbalance and for the control and monitor.

EV’s inverter is better for the parallel connection of Inverter and HTS Tape,But higher voltage is better now.


dc Copper cable

Honshu-Hokkaido Power Cable, Japan



Ultra High Voltage: ±250kVRelative Low current: 1kASingle Phase cableOil Cooling Cable

Structure is similar to SC cable!

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03Subjects of dc SC cable

system

Keep low temperature for long distance　　 ↓High Thermal InsulationLow Pressure Drop & Low Cost Cable !

No ac Losses!High current density is achieved!

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03Criticism of Sumitomo’s SC

cableElectric Insulation isolate the SC from coolant　 Low Thermal InsulationHigh Pressure Drop

pass of

coolant

Electric insulatorouter pipeinternal

pipe

former

& SC wire

vaccum

insulation

€

ΔP ∝Length _ boundary∑Cross − section


Criticism of Furukawa’s SC cableNo transport current in shield layer (high cost)　 Low Thermal InsulationHigh Pressure Drop


Ç™Ç±ÇÃÉsÉNÉ`ÉÉÇ å©ÇÈÇΩÇflÇ…ÇÕïKóvÇ≈Ç∑ÅB135shield layercurrent carrying layer; tape conductorformerinsulatorvaccum layerlquid N2 flowlquid N2 flow

pass of

coolant


pipe

former

& SC wire

vaccum

insulation

shield layer

Hard to reduce the cost!


Our design of SC cable

No Shield Layer (low cost)　 High Thermal Insulation (electric and thermal insulator)Lowest Pressure Drop (Gas and oil pipe line structure)

superconducting

wire

pass of

coolant


pipe

formervaccum

insulation

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03Connections of

Current Lead, HTS tape and InverterManagement of Cable System

Contorl of Strand Current (Insulated HTS tape)Small inverter connects insulated strandMonitor the individual voltage of Strand

copper

leadPeltier MaterialsvacuumFeed through-1Feed through-2superconducting wireAir @ RTcoolantTransformer

&Generator

Invertersconnection togather orIndivi. connection


Connection of dc SC cable system

dc Single Phase connection for SC cable and Low Cost!

SC Cable 1current1 - current2 ~ zeroABCSC Cable 1Power Source1Power Source2Copper Cablecurrent1current2Inverter 1Inverter 2ac outputac output

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03dc SC cable

connectionManagement of Cable System

Contorl of Strand Current (Insulated HTS tape)Small inverter connects insulated strandMonitor the individual voltage of Strand

copper

leadPeltier MaterialsvacuumFeed through-1Feed through-2superconducting wireAir @ RTcoolantTransformer

&Generator

Invertersconnection togather orIndivi. connection


Electric Power Storage

€

Energy =1

2LPS ⋅I

2

Power Grid can Store Electric Power!High current for Superconducting cable

high current and high inductance is better tostore the electric power


Low Cost & SMES Pipe LineIron Core Pipe ↓ Magnetic Shield High Inductance Low Cost High Mechanical Stren

gth

Roadundergroundunderground ductsurface<ÇTGPlate for

magnetic shield

Superconducting cables

Storage Energy ~ 230MJ for 20kA, 100km

MIT_PSFC@Boston2005/08/03PCL

applicationHigh Current, but High heat Leak

Peltier Current Lead f =

0f = 1

copper lead

42.5 23.3

PCL 27.8 18.6

Heat leak for 77K unit(mW/A)

We plan not to use liquid N2 to reduce the heat leakat current lead.


Reality of dc SC cable system1) Many dc Power Transmission Projects

and Plan in US, China, Russia and Middle East

2) Low cost Inverter is developed in Japan

3) Enough high current density for Bi-2223 tape conductor

4) Need to develop cable cooling for long distance

5) Electric Power Storage function


Present Experimental PlanLength < 15 -20 mCurrent > 2 - 4 kA 40 HTS Tapes of Sumitom

o Ic > 130 A @ 77KVoltage > 10 - 30 kV Temp. < 77K (sub-cool N2 & slush N2)

From 2005.4 to 2010.3

CryostatCableÅ@8 m 5 mCryostat

Layout in the experimental room


Present Collaborations & GoalJapanese several Universities materials, design, basic test &

experiment calculation

Two Private Companies in Japan Cryo-cooler system, cryostat for cable

goalRe-start the National Project in Japan


Back to Edison !

Use dc power !

Realize a Realistic SC System through

Collaboration from all over the world!

MIT_PSFC@Boston 2005/08/03 dc Superconducting Power Transmission Line in Chubu University Presented...

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