Mitosis/Cell Division Review
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Transcript of Mitosis/Cell Division Review
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Mitosis/Cell Division Review
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B
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Meiosis -Produces gametes or sex cells (sperm and egg cells) -Occurs ONLY in the reproductive organs
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Products of Meiosis = 4 new cells
ANDDivides the chromosome
number in half
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For Example:
Parent Cell
4 daughter cells
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2 Sets of Divisions
1st division is exactly like mitosis except sister chromatids stay together
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Before the 1st division takes place DNA MUST replicate
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Prophase I• Chromosomes condense
• Homologous chromosomes pair together
• Crossing over occurs
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Crossing Over
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Metaphase I• Homologous pairs are moved to the equator (middle) of the cell
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Anaphase I • Homologous pairs separate
•Chromatids remain together
•Genetic material has been recombined
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Telophase I
•Chromosomes gather at poles•Cytoplasm divides
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2nd DIVISION BEGINS
DNA replication DOES NOT
occur
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Prophase 2• New spindles form around chromosomes
• Crossing over – does not occur!
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Metaphase 2• Chromosomes align along with equator (middle) of the cells
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Anaphase 2
• Sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) divide and move to opposite poles
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Telophase 2•Chromosomes gather at the poles
•Nuclear envelope forms and cytoplasm divides
4 new daughter cells, each genetically DIFFERENT, are formed and are all haploid
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Sexual Reproduction• Haploid cells join to make diploid cells
• Increase in genetic variation
• Leads to change or evolution
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Females: meiosis occurs before birthEach month, one egg is matured
and released for possible fertilization
Males: meiosis begins at puberty and continues until death
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Asexual Reproduction•Single parents pass genes to offspring
Clones
Prokaryotes, yeast, hydra
Faster to produce offspring, but no genetic variation
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GENETIC VARIATION • The chromosome a gamete will receive depends on the way it lines up at the equator
Independent
assortment
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The Importance• Lead to the evolution of a species• Increase survival
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CANCER• Cells have checkpoints to determine if they are healthy enough to divide
• If those checkpoints are faulty, cells can divide and grow uncontrollable – can form a tumor and lead to cancer
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What’s the problem with more cells?
1.) Steal nutrients from healthy cells which eventually die
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2.) Can travel from their original location
METASTASIZE
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Causes of Cancer• Exposure to chemicals or toxins
• Radiation
• Viruses
• Your Own Genetics