Comparing mitigation efforts between Annex 1 Parties Initial results (excl. LULUCF)
Mitigation efforts in Chinese cities
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Mitigation efforts in Chinese cities and cooperation potential with German/European partners Resilient Cities 2014 -5 th Annual Global Forum on Urban Resilience and Adaptation C3 “Climate change adaptation and mitigation in Chinese cities” Lina Li 22/05/2014
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This presentation gives an overview of urbanisation challenges in China and Wuhan and Chengdu’s low carbon development strategy programmes. It also discusses the low carbon cooperation potential for Chinese cities with their German/European partner cities. Lina Li, Consultant International Climate Policies at Ecofys, gave this presentation during the 5th Annual Global Forum on Urban Resilience and Adaptation in Bonn.
Transcript of Mitigation efforts in Chinese cities
Mitigation efforts in Chinese cities and cooperation potential with German/European partners
Resilient Cities 2014 -5th Annual Global Forum on Urban
Resilience and Adaptation
C3 “Climate change adaptation and mitigation in Chinese cities”
Lina Li
22/05/2014
© ECOFYS | |
Cities – GHG emissions globally
> Cities are responsible for 50-60% of population, 2/3 of energy
consumption, 70-80% GHG emissions
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Source: UN and WRI
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Cities – unprecedented evolution of China
> After an unprecedented urbanization phase, the number of Chinese
urban citizens exceeded Europe's total population
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Source: Nature
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Cities – characteristics of cities in China
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Top 100 cities accounted for 43% of the total energy use, 42% of the electricity
consumption and more than 75% of natural gas and LPG consumption in 2006.
Source: Nature; Mercator Institute for China Studies; WWF
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Challenges – impacts of cities in China
> Increased pressure on limited natural resources
> Air pollution
> Traffic congestion
> Water pollution
> Huge waste cycles
> Decreasing mobility
> Health impact
> Increasing use of energy and GHG emissions
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Solution- Sustainable urbanization
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Social Equity &
Quality of Life
Public health
Universal service access
Accountable governance
Accessibility
Cultural identity
Economic Prosperity
Job access
Innovation
Economic growth
Economic
resilience
Environmental
Stewardship
Resource
consumption
Waste production
Global emissions
Infrastructure
resilience
Source: WRI; InnovationCity Ruhr
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China’s low carbon city/smart/eco city pilots
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Source: Nature; UNFCCC; Low Carbon Singapore
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Chinese government policy blueprint “new-type
urbanization”
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Source: Nature
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Chinese cities in action: Wuhan
Background:
> Capital city of Hubei Province, high industrialization & urbanization (~65% urban rate)
> GDP in 2010 552 billion RMB (per capita 66K RMB), 14.7% increase rate, primary,
secondary and tertiary sectors 3.1%, 45.9%, and 51%
> National reform pilot city, Yangtze River Open City, national comprehensive reform pilot of
developing resource saving and environment friendly society, national low carbon city and
province pilots
Targets and vision:
> 12th FYP (2011 – 2015):
– energy intensity reduction by 18%, emissions intensity reduction by19%, forest
coverage rate to reach 28%
– indicative total energy consumption target of 69 million tce (45% higher 2010 level)
– break down targets into districts, large scale industries, and other key sectors
> State Council approved the Macro Unban Plan of Wuhan in 2010
– A national historical and cultural city
– The central city of central China
– The country's major industrial bases, scientific and educational base and integrated
transport hub
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Source: Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
Chinese cities in action: Wuhan
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Buildings
Transport
Energy
Industry
Environment
Urban dev.
Wuhan
Potential Actions
Source: Ecofys
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Potential for cooperation: Duisburg & Wuhan
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Source: Ecofys
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Potential for cooperation: Financing EE in buildings
> China
– Provides financial support via
governmental top-down channels,
mainly as grants to project
developers
– Subnational governments are mainly
implementing, while their leadership
increasing
> Germany
– Provides financial support, mainly as
concessional loans (via KfW) and to
some extent also grants (via KfW
and BAFA) to house owners/buyers
– Subnational governments have more
ownership and setting own (higher)
targets
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Source: Greenovation Hub&Germanwatch
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Best practice example – Green Transport in Wuhan
> Green transport development since 2008
– To achieve a healthy, safe, efficient and environmentally friendly
transport system in Wuhan
…”public transport + slow travel (walk/bicycle)” pattern
– 2013 Wuhan became the national pilot city on Bus Municipality and
Green Low Carbon Development
Source: Ecofys; Wuhan Transportation Planning and Design Institute
– Supportive policies
● Construction and optimal adjustment of bus
and rail networks and station facilities
● Strengthen low-carbon energy transportation
e.g. LNG buses, new energy buses and ferry
transportation
● Promote smart transportation
● Promote slow travel pattern e.g. bicycles and
walking
● Green transport in new areas
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> Degree of efficiency (scores 1-6: the higher the number the
stronger the measure)
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Best practice example - Green Transport in Wuhan
Assessment matrix
Effective direction (target group)
Effe
ctiv
e d
ire
ctio
n (
tech
nic
al)
Public Households / private investors
Industry Administration Other stakeholders
Energy efficiency
4 4 1 3
Renewable energy
1 1 1 1
Low carbon 3 3 1 3
Changing activity
5 5 1 5
Other
(live quality)
5 5 - -
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Source: Ecofys
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Best practice example - Green Transport in Wuhan
SWOT Analysis
Inte
rnal
fact
ors Strengths
Government-Business-Public working together Strong policy and financial support from the government – central and local Long term perspective and planning Multiple benefits generation (social, environmental, economic) Benefiting all citizens of the society and even more so for the poor
Weakness
Large construction projects need vast amount financial investment Integration of different mode of transport in design and operation Potential to enhance house prices in the city due to large scale infrastructure
Exte
rnal
fact
ors
Opportunities
The trend of low carbon and green development of cities and ambition of Wuhan in this regards
Higher requirement for living quality and better transport
Threats Private car purchasing and using still grow rapidly
Improvements
Sustain and expand source and size of finance Careful and effective planning and multi-department/institution cooperation Enhance efficiency and reduce cost (with regular cost benefit analysis taking
into account multiple benefits) Awareness raising for citizens and integrate green transport into their life
style Effective stakeholder engagement
Best practice example
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Source: Ecofys
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Best practice example - Inventory of Building Stock in
Hamburg
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Source: Ecofys
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Visualization and mapping
Map of building typology - cutout inner city area
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Source: Ecofys
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Conjunction of socio-demographic & energy analysis
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Source: Ecofys
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Recommendations
> Develop CO2/energy inventories with clear sector review of current
status, mitigation potentials, key barriers and solutions/technologies to
use
> Set a target trajectory beyond the five year planning phases, e.g. mid-
term or long-term targets (2030, 2040, 2050)
> Implement, evaluate and enhance actions in key sectors
> Integrate across sectors, enhance institutional coordination and
diversify policy tools
> Sustain and expand source and size of finance and more efficiently
support (e.g. result-based, end-users)
> Inform, engage and incentivize stakeholders
> Knowledge transfer and cooperation between Chinese and
German/European cities (best practices/tool sharing, joint program,
stakeholder engagement/exchange)
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Build greener cities together!
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Thank you!
Ecofys Germany GmbH
Lina Li
Am Wassermann 36
50829 Cologne
Germany
T: +49 (0)221 27070-103
W: www.ecofys.com
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BACKUP SLIDES
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Chinese cities in action - Chengdu
- Capital of Sichuan province, economic hub in western China (no. 8 mega city
of China)
- High industrialization and urbanization phase (~47% urban rate)
- GDP 555 billion RMB (per capita 48.5 K RMB) in 2010 in which primary,
secondary (industry/construction) and tertiary sectors accounting for
5.1%, 44.7%, and 50.2%
- National urban and rural comprehensive reform pilot zone, Renewable
Energy Demonstration City and national innovate city pilot
- Targets and vision:
- Low-Carbon Work Program 2010, Five Year Plans and sectorial policies
- By 2015 reduce energy intensity by 16%, and energy consumption per
unit of industrial added value by 23.5%, non-fossil min. 31% in energy
mix, reduce consumption of public buildings by 3% (2015)
- World Modern Garden City
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Chinese cities in action
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Buildings
Transport
Energy
Industry
Environment
Urban dev.
Chengdu
Potential Actions
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Potential for cooperation
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Energy information at district level - Wilhelmsburg
Map of district heat net and connected buildings
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Selection of priority areas for pilot projects
Quartier Harburg, Rotbergkamp – decentral heating solutions
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