MITERRA-EUROPE Assessment of nitrogen flows in agriculture of EU-27 Oene Oenema, Jan Peter Lesschen...
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MITERRA-EUROPEAssessment of nitrogen flows in agriculture of EU-27
Oene Oenema, Jan Peter Lesschen & Gerard Velthof
Wageningen University & Research Centre
&
9 partners from 6 Member States
Outline
Description of MITERRA-Europe
Results N emissions NO3 concentrations
Conclusions
MITERRA-EUROPE
A tool for integrated assessment of N (C and P) emissions from agriculture in EU-27 at Member State and regional levels
Developed for the European Commission
Based on information from CAPRI and RAINS/GAINS
Simple/rapid model; uniform approach for EU-27
Scenario analysis
Understanding the cause-effect-benefit relationships
Output of MITERRA-EUROPE
Nitrogen (P and C) balances
Ammonia, nitrous oxide, denitrification and methane emissions from animal housing, storage and soils
Nitrate leaching to groundwater and surface water
Effects of measures (policies) to mitigate ammonia and nitrate emissions NEC, IPPC, Nitrate Directive, Water Framework Directive scenarios
Soil organic matter and C sequestration
Crop production: - Crop type - Cropped area - Management
Groundwater & surface waters
N inputs: N fertilizer BNF, N deposition
Animal production: - Animal species - Animal number - Management
N outputs: milk, meat, egg
NH4+ NO3
- DON Npart NH4+ NO3
- DON Npart
NH3 N2O NOX N2
Atmosphere
N outputs: harvested crop
NH3 N2O NOX N2
Atmosphere
Model concept for N; what comes in, must come out
manure
feed
Scales
Spatial: 27 Member States
• Nuts 2 level
• Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
• Country level
Temporal year
Input data
FAO, Eurostat Fertilizer (national), yields
CAPRI (Eurostat) Crop types and areas
Distribution of animals over NUTS II
RAINS Animal types, number and N excretion
Manure management system
JRC Soil and meteorological data NVZ maps
Alterra N contents of crops
Crop residues
Grassland area and yields
CalculationsVariabele Method
Fertilizer and manure distribution on Nuts 2 level
Distribution based on N demand, N input, crops
N and P surpluses Soil surface balance (OECD approach)
Emission of NH3, N2O, NOx, CH4 Emission factors (~from RAINS)
Leaching and denitrification (N2):Manure storageRunoffLarge surface waterGroundwater and small surface water
Site specific leaching fractions
N leaching pathways
Leaching from stored manure
Surface run-off from fields Shallow leaching
to surface waters
Leaching to below rooting zone
Site-specific leaching and surface-runoff fractions
Surface-runoff fractions Slope, land-use, precipitation surplus, depth to rock, Application rate manure and fertilizer
Leaching fractions Precipitations surplus, temperature, soil texture, land-
use, rooting depth, soil organic C content, Nitrogen surplus
Runoff of N, kg ha-1 yr-1Shallow N leaching to
surface waters, kg ha-1 yr-1
N leaching to groundwater, kg ha-1 yr-1
Nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater,
mg NO3 l-1
Ammonia emissions
kg N ha-1
Fate of N surplus (total N balance)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
AT BG BL CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU IR IT LT LU LV NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK
nitrogen oxidesnitrous oxideammonialeachingdenitrification
N surplus, kg N per ha
50%
100%
Baseline 2020,current trend
2020,NH3 measures
2020,NO3 measures
2020,NO3 measures,NH3 measures
Results of policy scenarios
NH3 emissionNO3 leaching
2020,NO3 measures,
low N feed
N2O emission
Conclusions
MITERRA-EUROPE applies a uniform and integrated approach for agriculture in EU-27 N balances on regional level N leaching and gaseous N emissions NO3 concentration in shallow groundwater Scenario analyses
EU Agriculture
Developments; links of MITERRA with other models
RAINS/GAINS
CAPRI
CCAT tool (Cross Compliance Assessment Tool): http://www.ccat.nl/UK/
Eururalis land use: http://www.eururalis.eu/index.htm
INTEGRATOR (Nitroeurope): http://www.nitroeurope.eu/
References
http://www.scammonia.wur.nl/UK
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/activities/ammonia_en
Oenema, O., D. Oudendag and G.L.Velthof (2007) Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union. Livestock Sciences 112, 261–272.
Velthof GL, D Oudendag, HP Witzke, WAH Asman, Z Klimont and O Oenema (2008) Assessment of nitrogen emissions in EU-27 using the integrated model MITERRA-EUROPE. Journal of Environmental Quality (in press).
Oenema, O., H.P. Witzke, Z. Klimont, J.P. Lesschen, and G.L. Velthof (2008) Integrated assessment of promising measures to decrease nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment (submitted)
© Wageningen UR
Thank you!
P balance on country level
0
50
100
150
200
AU BL BG CY CZ DK ES EE FI FR DE EL HU IR IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SL SE UK
surplus
yield
grazing
manure
fertilizer
Phosphorus, kg P2O5 per ha per year
* *
Validation/test: NO3 leachingTable xxx. Distribution of nitrate concentration in wells in groundwater bodies in European countries in 2002* (SOURCE EEA**) and the average calculated nitrate concentration with MITERRA-EUROPE in 2000. Percentage of wells <10 10-25 25-50 >50 mg NO3/l
average NO3 concentration MITERRA-EUROPE,
mg NO3/l
Austria 35 27 22 16 7 Belgium 0 0 100 0 56 Bulgaria 43 25 18 14 24 Czech Republic 65 19 6 10 53 Denmark 49 17 13 21 50 Estonia 81 18 1 1 10 Finland 100 0 0 0 10 France 22 25 48 4 22 Germany 40 40 20 0 38 Greece 52 23 14 11 13 Ireland 73 23 5 0 14 Italy 56 12 13 19 18 Latvia 100 0 0 0 8 Lithuania 99 1 0 0 14 Malta 0 0 33 67 162 Netherlands 69 7 7 17 78 Poland 74 13 5 8 36 Portugal 47 19 16 18 7 Slovakia 66 13 13 8 12 Slovenia 24 31 29 17 11 Spain 4 16 38 42 26 Sweden 100 0 0 0 6 United Kingdom 37 22 28 12 17 * for all countries results are from 2002, except for France (2000), Greece (1998), Liechtenstein (2001) and Spain (1999). ** htp://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/atlas/viewdata/viewpub.asp?id=1364