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4.646 Research Programs in Modern Architecture - Spring 2013

Hours arranged: 3-0-6 normal hours for MArch students; 3-0-9 for SMArchS or PhD

SYLLABUSrev. 2/27/13W 9-12 Room 5-216

Limited enrollment:

~16 students MArch 3 person teams

SMArchS or PhD Individual reports

~ 6 reporting sessionsInstructor: Stanford Anderson, Room 3-307 soa@MIT.eduTA: Michael Kubo Michael Kubo

OFFICE HOURS: In both cases, by e-mail appointments"Research Programs in Modern Architecture" is a seminar presenting an opportunity to jointly explore architectural positions developed in modern times, whether by individual architects or by groups of architects/researchers.

Imre Lakatos cast the epistemology of science as a system of competing research programs and the professor in this seminar has offered a parallel construction in the discipline of architecture. Both of those efforts will serve as the introduction to the seminar. Participants in the seminar need not follow that model, but will be asked to construct an understanding of some notable position within the discipline in modern times (referring mainly to the twentieth century, but with allowance for excursions into the late-nineteenth century or our own century).

Paper topics will be established jointly in an effort to have pairs, or still larger numbers, of papers inform one another and the general inquiry.See separate sheet to assist in choosing presentation topics.

In the interests of the seminar format, enrollment is limited.

Requirements: Faithful reading of assignments; devoted attendance and participation. At least one oral report in the first half of the term. Major class presentation in latter part of the term, allied with a final paper due on the last day of class (if registered for nine units, ~3500-4000 words; if 12 units, ~5-6000 words.

Grading criteria: Class participation as above, 30%; major class presentation, 30%; final paper, 40%. See 4.646 CALENDAR for DUE DATES OF REQUIRED WORKMeetings:

3-4 Philosophical background

3-4 Archl research program

7-5 Student reports

1 Closing sessionSCHEDULE AND READING ASSIGNMENTS

12/6Introduction

Assignments for next meeting:>S Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations, in Conjectures and Refutations (London: Routledge, 1963), 33-65.

IgnacioR Imre Lakatos. The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Philosophical Papers. 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

>S Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, I:8-101; especially 3, 31-52. 1 & 2: Fallibilism versus Falsificationism

3 & 4: A Methodology of Scientific Research

Programmes Juan22/13Karl Popper, Logic of Scientific Discovery

Imre Lakatos, Method of Scientific Research Programs

2/18

Lists of alternative projects due

Assignments for next meeting:>S Peter Eisenman, Aspects of Modernism: Maison Dom-ino and the Self-Referential Sign, Oppositions 15/16 (Winter/Spring 1979), 118-128; reprinted pp. 188-198 in K. Michael Hays, ed., Oppositions Reader (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998).

>S Stanford Anderson. "Architectural Design as a System of Research Programmes," Design Studies (London), V (July 1984), 146-150, and "Architectural Research Programmes in the Work of Le Corbusier," Design Studies, V (July 1984), 151-158; reprinted as "Architectural Design as a System of Research Programs," pp. 490-505 in K. Michael Hays, ed., Architecture | Theory | since 1968 (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1998).

>S Stanford Anderson, "Thinking in Architecture," pp. 72-86 in Esa Laaksonen, ed., Ptah 08 Yearbook. Helsinki: Alvar Aalto Academy, 2009.

32/20Le Corbusier and research programs

Assignments for next meeting:R Imre Lakatos. The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Philosophical Papers. 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

>S History of Science and Its Rational Reconstruction, I:102-138. R Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962; 2. ed. 1967.

>S II-V on Normal Science and paradigms, pp. 10-51.

>S Shapere, Dudley. The Paradigm Concept [review comparing Lakatos and Kuhn], Science 172 (May 1971), 706-709. >S SA, Bauhaus University paper 42/27Lakatos, Rational Reconstruction - Internal history; Kuhn; Elkana

Also: Ignacio on his research area

Assignments for next meeting:>S Beatty, Barbara. "The Dilemma of Scripted Instruction: Comparing Teacher Autonomy, Fidelity and Resistance in Froebelian Kindergarten, Montessori, Direct Instruction, and Success for All," Teachers College Record, 113:3 (March 2011), 395-430.

>S Gutman, Marta. The Physical Spaces of Childhood, in Paula S. Fass, ed., The Routledge History of Childhood in the Western World (London/New York: Routledge, 2012), 249-266.3/4Bibliographies for assigned projects due

53/6 Late afternoon

Preschool/Primary Education

Guest: Professor Barbara Beatty, Wellesley College

Assignments for next meeting:>S Worpole, Ken. Here Comes the Sun: Architecture and Public Space in Twentieth-Century European Culture (London: Reaktion Books, 2000), chapters 3, Live Out of Doors as Much as You Can: The Architecture of Public Health, 49-68, and 4, Bring the Landscape into the House: Housing for the New Society, 69-85.

>S Bryder, Linda. Wonderlands of Buttercup, Clover and Daisies: Tuberculosis and the Open-Air School Movement in Britain, 1907-39, in Roger Cooter, ed., In the Name of the Child: Health and Welfare, 1880-1940 (London/New York: Routledge, 1992), 72-95.

>S Sola-Morales, Ignacio. Review of Giorgio Grassi, La architettura come mestiere [Milan, 1980], Oppositions 23 (Winter 1981), 140-150.

3/11Outline or Abstract for assigned project due

63/13 Sun/Air Open-Air Schools + Rossi

Assignments for next meeting to be selected by Ignacio73/20 Miralles: Study/Play - Ignacio DuclosAssignments for next meeting - to be selected by MichaelSpring vacation

4/3Enhanced Outline or Abstract for all later reports due

84/3 Schools Post-war US

Michael Kubo

Assignments for next meeting selections by Juan and Ignacio94/10Cemeteries

US/Northern Europe Juan

Mediterranean Rossi, Miralles Ignacio

Assignments for next meeting:Loos items (with >S designation) R Loos, Adolf. Ins Leere gesprochen. Paris: Georges Crs, 1921, and Innsbruck: Brenner Verlag, 1922. Translated as Spoken into the Void: Collected Essays 1897-1900. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1982.

>S Introduction, by Aldo Rossi, viii-xiii; Mens Fashion [1898], 10-14; Plumbers, 44-49; The Principle of Cladding, 66-69; Ladies Fashion, 98-103; The Poor Little Rich Man, 124-127.

>S -----. Architecture, Midgrd I, 1 (1987), 49-56. [Mallgrave translation] Followed by J. Duncan Berry, Looss Primitivism, 57-61. [commentary on Architecture]

>S Timms, Edward. Faade and Function: The Alliance between Karl Kraus and Adolf Loos, 9H, 6 (1983), 9-14.

>S Rossi, Aldo. Introduction to "Adolf Loos 1870-1933," Casabella 233 (Nov. 1959), 4-12.

>S Anderson, Stanford. "Critical Conventionalism in Architecture," Assemblage 1 (1986), 6-23.

-----. Critical Conventionalism: The History of Architecture, Midgrd I, 1 (1987), 33-47. [Loos; quasi-autonomy]

-----. "Sachlichkeit and Modernity, or Realist Architecture," in Harry Mallgrave, ed., Otto Wagner: Reflections on the Raiment of Modernity. Santa Monica, CA: The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1993, 322-360.104/17Adolf Loos

Reference works

R Gravagnuolo, Benedetto. Adolf Loos: Theory and Works. New York: Rizzoli, 1982.

R Mnz, Ludwig, and Gustav Knstler. Adolf Loos: Pioneer of Modern Architecture. New York: Prager, 1966.

R Risselada, Max. Raumplan versus Plan Libre: Adolf Loos and Le Corbusier, 1919-1930. Delft: Delft University Press, 1988.

Assignments for next meeting:R George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought(NY: Basic Books, 1999)>S, pp. 16-136. S> Goldhagen, Sarah. Aaltos Embodied Rationalism, Stanford Anderson, Gail Fenske and David Fixler, eds. Aalto and America, forthcoming from Yale University Press, London. 114/24Aalto/Scandinavia Sanatoria

125/1Juan Jofre Embassy Design

135/8Ignacio Duclos Probabalistic Fields of Action

Assignments for next meeting:S Anderson, Stanford. "Public Institutions: Louis I. Kahn's Reading of Volume Zero," Journal of Architectural Education, XLIX, 1 (September 1995), 10-21.

S -----. "Dance without Effort or Fatigue," from Anderson, ed., Eladio Dieste: Innovation in Structural Art. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004.

145/15Louis I. Kahn and Final Discussion