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Missouri Compromise (1819)
Missouri asked to join as a slave state (11 free/11 slave states at the time)
Missouri would enter as a slave state, Maine would enter as a free state
Imaginary line drawn across southern border of Missouri
Slavery allowed south of the line, banned north of the line
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Compromise of 1850
1849-California wanted to enter the Union (15 slave/15 free states at the time)
5 parts California entered as a free state Mexican Cession divided into New
Mexico and Utah-voters would decide on slavery
Ended slave trade in Washington D.C.
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Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Law: Required all citizens to help catch runaway
slaves. Anyone who helped a fugitive slave could be
fined or imprisoned.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Nebraska divided into Kansas and Nebraska
Settlers would decide on slavery Undid the Missouri Compromise Settlers started moving to Nebraska
and Kansas (p. 444)
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Frederick Douglass
1. Born a slave, taught myself to read and write.
2. I escaped in 1838. 3. I am a member of the
Massachusetts Antislavery Society and have traveled to speak to abolitionist meetings. I have also been the editor of an antislavery newspaper called the “North Star.”
I returned to the U.S. because I believe slavery must be fought at it’s source.
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Frederick Douglass
5. “your celebration is a sham…your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless…your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery.”
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Dred Scott Case
When his owner died, filed a lawsuit that claimed since he had lived in a free territory, he was a free man.
Supreme Court ruled that Scott could not file a lawsuit because he was not a citizen.
Stated that slaves were property. Ruled that Congress did not have the
power to outlaw slavery in any territory.
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John Brown
Murdered 5 proslavery settlers in Kansas
Harpers Ferry-took over a federal arsenal, hoped for a slave uprising. Became a martyr for abolitionists.
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Election of 1860 Views on Slavery
Lincoln-against slavery morally, against having slavery in the territories, did not want to interfere with slavery in the slave states.
Douglas-let people in the territories decide.
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Election of 1860
Republicans nominated Lincoln Democrats split the nomination-
Douglas (Northern Democrats), Breckinridge (Southern Democrats).
Lincoln won, even though his name was not on the ballot in 10 states.
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Electoral Results for the Election of 1860
Lincoln 180, Breck. 72, Bell 39, Doug. 12 (needed 152)
Popular vote: Lincoln 1,866,452 Breck 847953 Bell 592, 906 Douglas 1, 382, 713 This means 2,823,572 did NOT vote
for Lincoln!
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Secession
First state to secede was South Carolina, followed by Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.
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The Civil War
More than 3 million Americans fought in it, over 600,000 men died
185,000 African Americans fought in it for the Union (Glory)
Four of Lincoln’s brothers-in-law fought on the Confederate side
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American War Casualties
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
# ofDeaths
Civil War
WW I
WW II
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The First “Modern” War
Why? New technology, such as trains, telegraph, ironclads, grenades, and long range rifles.
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Was this a war to end slavery?
Lincoln-”My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.”
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These Happened First During the Civil War
The Bugle Call “Taps”
U.S. Secret Service Income tax Draft Baseball became a
popular sport The term
“sideburns,” after General Burnsides
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Population
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
North
South
South Free
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North South
Union, USA, Federals
23 states 92% of nation’s
industries 75% of railroads 75% of nation’s
wealth
Confederacy, Confederate States of America (CSA)
11 states Mainly farmland Most wealth in
land and slaves
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North South
Abraham Lincoln President
Poor generals Strategy-Naval
Blockade, split South in two and capture Richmond
Washington D.C. capital
Jefferson Davis President
Great generals Strategy-Fight a
defensive war until the North tires of fighting
Capture Washington D.C.
Richmond, VA capital
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North South
Large navy Cause for
fighting-Keep the country together
Nicknames-Feds, Yanks, Billy Yanks, Yankees
No navy at start of war
Cause for fighting-Gain independence, save the southern way of life (slavery)
Nicknames-Rebels, Rebs, Confederates, Graybacks, Butternuts
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North South
Fighting to protect their homes
Home-field advantage
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People of the Civil War
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Abraham LincolnPresident of the United States
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Jefferson DavisPresident of the Confederate States of America (CSA)
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Robert E. LeeCommander of Confederate Forces
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Ulysses S. GrantUnion commander at the end of the Civil War.
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Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonLee’s most valuable General. Never lost a battle to the North.
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1861-62
The First Year of the War
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Fort Sumter
Charleston, SC April 10-13, 1861 This began the war
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Bull Run (Manassas)
30 miles from Washington, D.C.
July 21, 1861 First major battle
of Civil War “Stonewall
Jackson” earned his nickname.
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Bull Run (Manassas)
Fought in Wilmer McLean’s front yard
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Monitor vs. Merrimac
March 8-9, 1862 Monitor (Union) First battle
between ironclad ships
Wooden ships are obsolete
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Antietam (Sharpsburg)
September 17, 1862
convinced British and French not to ally with Confederates
Bloodiest single day of the war Union- 12,401 dead, wounded, or missing
Confederates-10,318
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Things That Happened Other Than Battles In
1861-62
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McClellan named Union commander.....
then replaced by Burnside.....
then replaced by Hooker
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1863-64
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Chancellorsville
April 30-May 6, 1863
Stonewall Jackson shot and killed by his own men
Lee “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right.”
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Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863 Pennsylvania bloodiest battle of
the war-51,000 men dead (23,000 U, 28,000 C)
turning point of the war
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President Lincoln Issues the “Emancipation
Proclamation” Freed slaves in the
Confederate states but not the border states.
January 1, 1863 QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Light Blue=Border States (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, West Virginia, Missouri
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Lincoln delivers “Gettysburg Address”
Dedicating a military cemetery in honor of those who died there
November 19, 1863
followed Edward Everett-a famous and eloquent speaker who spoke for around 2 hours
Lincoln’s speech lasted around 2-3 minutes (272 words)
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Gettysburg Address
Newspapers ridiculed it for being so short and simple
Today is considered one of the greatest speeches ever
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“Anything more dull and commonplace would not be easy to produce.”
-Times of London
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“The cheek of every American must tingle with
shame as he reads the silly, flat, dishwatery
utterances of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners as the President of the
United States”-Chicago Times
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Hooker is replaced.... by Meade....... who is then
replaced by Grant
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Lincoln defeats McClellan and is re-
elected
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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1865
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Saylor’s Creek
April 6, 1865 8000 Rebels
surrender (most ever in history of North America)
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Lee Surrenders to Grant
April 7, 1865 Took place in the
home of Wilmer McLean in Appomattox Court House
http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Bull+Run,+VA&daddr=Main+Street,+Appomattox,+VA+24522+(Appomattox+Courthouse)&hl=en&geocode=Fe7KTwIdXyFh-ylrNEh-AV22iTHxzOYHKV7KWg%3BFUD5OQIdDixN-yF8gCGYUsh6Iw&mra=pe&mrcr=0&sll=38.076757,-78.235565&sspn=2.347822,4.235229&ie=UTF8&ll=38.078366,-78.178711&spn=2.347822,4.235229&z=8
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Terms of the Surrender
Surrender of the Confederate Army
Turning over of Rebel arms and supplies
Rebels could keep private arms and horses
Lee did not surrender his sword