Mission of KAGUYA Mission of KAGUYA (SELENE)(SELENE)

Hironori Hironori MaejimaMaejimaSELENE ProjectSELENE Project

Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency

66--7 October 20087 October 2008MEWS21MEWS21

maejima.hironori@jaxa.jpmaejima.hironori@jaxa.jp

ContentsContents

1. History of Lunar Explo1. History of Lunar Explorationration2. Science of the Moon2. Science of the Moon3. Mission of 3. Mission of KaguyaKaguya4. Future Plan4. Future Plan

1. History of Lunar Explo1. History of Lunar Explorationration

Launch of Launch of KaguyaKaguya 14 September 200814 September 2008

（国立天文台HPより）

History of Lunar ExplorHistory of Lunar Explorationation•• PastPast

–– 19691969--70s70s Apollo, LunaApollo, Luna>> Enhan>> Enhancced national prestigeed national prestige>>>> ObserObserved oved only low latitudenly low latitude

–– 1990s1990s Lunar Prospector, ClementineLunar Prospector, Clementine>> Global observation by small probe>> Global observation by small probe

•• PresentPresent–– Science (Origin and Evolution)Science (Origin and Evolution)–– Utilization (Resource, Manned Activity)Utilization (Resource, Manned Activity)KaguyaKaguya, Chang, Chang’’EE--1, Chandrayaan1, Chandrayaan--1, LRO/LC1, LRO/LCROSSROSS

2. Science of t2. Science of the Moonhe Moon

Fact (1/2)Fact (1/2)•• DichotomyDichotomy

(Asymmetry between Far and Near Side)(Asymmetry between Far and Near Side)–– Distribution of Lunar MaDistribution of Lunar Mariaria–– RevRevolution and Rotation :olution and Rotation :Same Same Period (27days)Period (27days)

>> Near side always faces the Earth>> Near side always faces the Earth

Revolution

Rotationhttp://www.usgs.gov/

Near Side Far Side

Fact (2/2)Fact (2/2)•• ComparComparing with Earth:ing with Earth:

–– Same age Same age (4.6 billion years)(4.6 billion years)–– Small or No CoreSmall or No Core–– Similar Mantle (Basalt, Similar Mantle (Basalt, AnorthositeAnorthosite))–– Small amount of Volatile Material (HSmall amount of Volatile Material (H22O and Na)O and Na)

©GSJ (http://www.gsj.jp/geomap)

Origin of the MoonOrigin of the Moon

•• Four ModelsFour Modelsa) Coa) Co--accretionaccretionb) b) Intact CaptureIntact Capturec) Fissionc) Fissiond) Giant Impactd) Giant Impact

a)

b)c)

d)

•• Only Giant Impact Model is Only Giant Impact Model is consistent with the facts:consistent with the facts:–– Same age (4.6 billion years)Same age (4.6 billion years)–– Small or No CoreSmall or No Core–– Similar Mantle (Basalt, Similar Mantle (Basalt,

AnorthositeAnorthosite))–– Small amount of Volatile Small amount of Volatile

Material (HMaterial (H22O and Na)O and Na)

>> Evolution is the Key.>> Evolution is the Key.

Giant Impact ModelGiant Impact Model

3. Mission of 3. Mission of KaguyaKaguya

KaguyaKaguya (SELENE)(SELENE)•• SELSELenologicalenological & & ENENgineeringgineering EExplorerxplorer•• KaguyaKaguya :Princess of the Moon, early Japanese legend:Princess of the Moon, early Japanese legend

Rstar Vstar

Main Orbiter

Total Mass: 3 [t] (at launch)(mission payload : ~300kg)

Size:Main Orbiter: 2.1 x 2.1 x 4.8 [m]Rstar: 0.99 x 0.99 x 0.65 [m] Vstar: 0.99 x 0.99 x 0.65 [m]

Flight ModelFlight Model•• 33--axis attitude controlaxis attitude control•• 11--wing solar arraywing solar array•• Thermal blanket Thermal blanket

(Black (Black KaptonKapton))

Flight SequenceFlight Sequence

CommunicationCommunication

Telemetry, Tracking & CommandMission Data

USUDA Deep Space CenterNagano Pref.D=64m

XRS：X-ray Spectrometer

GRS：Gamma-ray Spectrometer

MI：Multi-band Imager

SP：Spectral Profiler

TC：Terrain Camera

LALT：Laser Altimeter

LRS：Lunar Radar Sounder

VRAD：VLBI Radio Source

LMAG：Lunar Magnetometer

CPS：Charged Particle Spectrometer

PACE：Plasma Energy Angle and Composition Experiment

RS：Radio Science

UPI：Upper-atmosphere and Plasma Imager

Element

Mineral

Terrain

Sub-surface

Gravity

Magnet field

Environment

AuroraMagnetosphere

Material?

Internal Structure?

Dichotomy?

Evolution?

Residual Magnet Field?

Environment?

Plasma Physics?

Origin and E

volutionS

olar System

RSAT：Relay Satellite Transponder

Mission Instruments and Science TargetsMission Instruments and Science Targets

Initial ResultsInitial Results

TC/MI

LALTLRS

Rstar

HDTV

TCTC (Terrain Camera)(Terrain Camera)

Apollo 15 Landing Site 2008.2.24 SELENE/LISM/TC

MIMI （（Multiband ImagerMultiband Imager））

Crater D=1.5km750nm/1000nm

LLRS RS （（LLunar Radar Sounderunar Radar Sounder））

Reflection Surface

Depth (m

)D

epth (m)

22:13 22:14 (JST)

LALT LALT （（Laser AltimeterLaser Altimeter））

RSAT (Relay Satellite TransponderRSAT (Relay Satellite Transponder

Apollo Basin（Far Side）D=500km

Mare Serenitatis（Near Side）D=500km

RSAT (Relay Satellite TransponderRSAT (Relay Satellite Transponder

A new gravity anomaly map developed by the KAGUYA reveals that not only the Apollo basin, but many other basins on the far side of the Moon are characterized by a large negative gravity anomaly. Such a signature of far side gravity is distinguished from that on the near side. For example, the Mare Serenitatis, the representative basin on the near side, shows a strong positive (red color) gravity anomaly at the center of the basin. The newly found difference of gravity anomaly on the near side and the far side gives us clues to important questions regarding the structure of the lunar interior and the formation of the far side and near side of the Moon.

HDTV HDTV （（High Definition TVHigh Definition TV））

4. Future Plan4. Future Plan

Future Plan Future Plan -- UtilizationUtilization•• Global Resource MapGlobal Resource Map

•• Polar RegionPolar Region–– Bottom of CraterBottom of Crater>> Permanent Shadow>> Permanent Shadow>> Ice? (Water Supply)>> Ice? (Water Supply)–– Rim of CraterRim of Crater>> Permanent Sunshine>> Permanent Sunshine>> Solar Power Supply>> Solar Power Supply

•• International CooperationInternational Cooperation