Miss Glass 1 February 2011. Puritan Life In America Sought religious freedom Separate from Church...
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Transcript of Miss Glass 1 February 2011. Puritan Life In America Sought religious freedom Separate from Church...
Puritan Life In AmericaSought religious freedom Separate from Church of EnglandTheocracy: a union of church and
state.
Puritan Beliefs:Predestined for heaven
Rigid rules and beliefsTo be different meant to
be controlled by evilPreached “fire and
brimstone”threatening punishment in the hereafter
Salem, MassachusettsNortheast of BostonEstablished: 1626Salem means “City of Peace”Roger Conant and John Endicott
1692 Salem HistoryA Great Divide
Salem Town: wealthy merchants; trade with London
Salem Village: poor farmers wanted independence
Salem Village divisionsMerchants vs. FarmersReverend Samuel Parris
A History of Witch Hunts
Definition of “witch” in the 17th CenturyOne who had made a pact with the
devil (the Christian embodiment of evil) by exchanging soul for evil powers
Sin because denied God’s superiority
16th and 17th century Europe: 1-9 million accused and executedPracticed surviving folk customs
from Pre-Christian timesViewed as “heresy”
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/bcr/salem/salem.html
A History of Witch Hunts1484: Pope Innocent VIII, Germany
Casting spells to destroy crops & abort infants
1500-1660: Reformation in Europe50,000-80,000 suspected witches executed.
1536: Henry VIII of EnglandAccused Anne Boleyn, of witchcraft
1591: James I of EnglandLargest witch hunt in British history
Salem Witchcraft Trials, 1692 How did it all begin?
Minister’s daughter and other girls were affected by seizures and fits of unconsciousness
No medical explanation Tituba, Sarah Good, And Sarah Osburne named
as witchesTituba admitted to witchcraft
Girls continued to accuseNo proof other than someone’s accusation was
requiredMust admit to witchcraft, repent, and name associates
In the end, 20 people executed and at least 150 jailed
Connect to Communism Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Investigated un-American & subversive activities
Late 1940s-1950s known as the “Red Scare”Heightened fear of Communist influence on American
institutions and espionage by Soviet agents
Senator Joseph McCarthy from WisconsinClaimed 200 Communists had infiltrated the US
government
McCarthy Investigations McCarthy led
investigationsMostly government employees,
union members, writers, and entertainers 320 artists placed on blacklist,
which ended their careers
Hollywood Blacklist: “We will not knowingly employ a Communist or a member of any party or group which advocates the overthrow of the government of the United States”
Must name other members of the party in order to prove abandoned left-wing views
McCarthy’s Downfall McCarthy began
televised hearings into Communists in the US Army
“McCarthy has shown himself to be evil and unmatched in malice.”
… the Louisville Courier-Journal
McCarthy’s Downfall McCarthy’s actions condemned December 2,
1954
"The line between investigating and persecuting is a very fine one and the junior Senator from Wisconsin has stepped over it repeatedly. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep into our own history and our doctrine and remember that we are not descended from fearful men, not men who feared to write, to speak, to associate, and to defend causes which were for the moment unpopular. This is no time for men who oppose Senator McCarthy's methods to keep silent. We can deny our heritage and our history, but we cannot escape responsibility for the result."
- Edwin Murrow
“Red Scare” hysteria calmed down
Arthur Miller
Born 1915 in NY 1932: Graduate from Lincoln
HSTook two years to earn
money for tuition 1934: Enroll at University of
MichiganBegan writing drama in
college 1947: All My Sons opened on
Broadway 1949: Won Pulitzer Prize for
Death of a Salesman 1953: The Crucible 1956: Married Marilyn
Monroe Marriage lasted 5 years
Repercussions of The Crucible
After The Crucible, Miller was investigated for possible associations with the Communist Party
1956: Called to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities
Never joined Communist party but advocated social justice and equality
Refused to discuss associatesFound in contempt of Congress