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Miss G. & Ms. Davenport

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What is Marine Biology? What can you do with a career in Marine Biology?career

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What is Marine Biology? What can you do with a career in Marine Biology?career

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What is Marine Biology? What can you do with a career in Marine Biology?career

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But Before you can start diving with killer whales, dolphins, and sharks you must know a little about their world! Everything we discuss in this class and prepare you for a jump start to a career in Marine Biology!! Stop me at ANY time if you have questions, comments, or concerns!

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Marine Scientists Marine scientists classify marine environments into many different regions based on physical characteristics. The ocean is classified into different zones or regions based on light, depth, temperature, density, latitude, and distance from the shore or a combination of these.zones

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Photic Zone versus Aphotic Zone Photic Zone is the depth to which light penetrates Ex. Epipelagic Zone and the Neritic Zone Aphotic Zone this is the layer of what to which water cant penetrate. Ex. Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, Hadalpelagic

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Location The Pelagic Zone is the water column portion. 1) Neritic zone is the water located nearest the coast (coastal zone) between the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf. 2) Oceanic zone is the open water area beyond the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is further divided into five separate regions.

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Pelagic Zone

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The Neritic Zone There are three zones located near the Neritic Zone: Supralittoral Zone splash zone (This is NOT a part of the Neritic Zone) Littoral Zone this is the intertidal zone. Its the area between high tide and low tide. (This is part of the Neritic Zone.) Sublittoral Zone this is area below the low water mark and the edge of the continental shelf. (This is NOT part of the Neritic Zone.)

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Neritic Zone

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The Ocean Divisions There are two basic divisions of the ocean: The Neritic Zone The Oceanic Zone

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Oceanic Zones Regions The Oceanic Zone is further divided into five vertical regions: 1)Epipelagic zone top layer sun light penetrates 2)Mesopleagic zone sunlight reaches, but not strong enough to support much life 3)Bathypelagic zone deep water in the open ocean 4)Abyssalpelagic zone even deeper water in oceanic trenches 5)Hadalpelagic zone is the deepest water in the oceanic trenches

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Benthic Zone The Benthic zone is the lowest area in a body of water, below 200m. In regards to the ocean the Benthic Zone includes the: Mesopelagic zone Bathypelagic zone Abyssalpelagic zone Hadalpelagic zone

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Marine Lifestyle Marine life is incredibly diverse. Scientists use groups and subgroups based on common physical characteristics to discuss them. Three types of lifestyles include: 1)Plankton are the group of organisms that exist adrift the ocean currents. ^ Neuston are those plankton that float at the surface, for example Portuguese Man-of War.

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Plankton

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Marine Lifestyle cont. 2)Nekton are the organisms that swim, from small invertebrates to large whales. Most of the seas predators are Nekton. The majority of Nekton are vertebrates.

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Marine Lifestyle cont. 3)Benthos are organisms that live on or in the bottom. They can move about or be sessile. Sessile organisms are attached to the sea floor.

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Marine Lifestyle cont. Benthos are divided into three categories: 1)Epiphauna are those animals, such as crabs, that live on the sea floor. 2)Epiflora are plants, such as seagrasses, that live on the sea floor. 3)Infauna are organisms that are partially or completely buried in the sea floor such as clams, sand dollars, tubeworms, and sea pens. Most Infauna are either deposit feeders or suspension feeders. (Deposit feeders feed off detritus down from above. Suspension feeders filter particles (mostly plankton) suspended in the water for food.)

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Epiphauna, Epiflora, or Infauna? Infauna Sea Pens Epiflora Sea Grasses Epifauna Crab

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Design an Aquarium Abiotic not living Biotic living What are some abiotic things that can influence an aquarium? Temperature Salt pH Oxygen Filtration Light

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Freshwater Aquarium What are the conditions for a freshwater aquarium? Temperature 72 o -78 o Salt 0 0.5 part per thousand (ppt) pH 6.5-7.5 Light fluorescent light Filtration bacterial, mechanical, chemical

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Brackish water Aquarium Brackish water is found where fresh water and salt water meet. What are the conditions for a Brackish water aquarium? Temperature 80 o -82 o Salt 0.5 30 parts per thousand (ppt) pH 7.5-8.5 Light fluorescent light or powerful lighting Filtration bacterial, mechanical, chemical

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Salt Water Aquarium What are the conditions for a Salt water aquarium? Temperature 75 o -80 o Salt Above 30 parts per thousand (ppt) pH 8.1-8.4 Light powerful lighting (metal halide and actinic (blue)) Filtration bacterial, protein skimmer

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Clams (Salt Water)

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Hard Corals

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Soft Corals

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Lighting Metal Halides very strong white light Actinic produces a blue light Fluorescent produces a white light Incandescent produces a weak white light

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Lighting

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Filters Bacterial uses bacteria to digest waste Mechanical uses filter medium to remove waste Chemical chemically removes certain dangerous compounds like ammonia Protein Skimmer removes protein from the water

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Filters

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Competition What is Competition? When two or more species compete for the same resource. Ex. Living space, food, mates There are two types of competition: Interspecific between species Intraspecific within one species

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Competitive Exclusion What is Competitive Exclusion? When a less successful species is replaced by a more successful one. This happens often when an invasive species appears.

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Symbiosis Symbiosis - close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species Four examples of symbiosis include: 1)Parasitism One benefits, the other is harmed 2)Commensalism One benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed 3)Mutualism both benefit 4)Predator Prey One hunts the other

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Parasitism Grouper Fish with a parasiteHammerhead Shark with parasite infection

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Commensalism Whale shark with a remora fishShark with a remora fish Remora fish

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Mutualism

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Predator Prey

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Marine Food Web

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