MIS for IMT

8/9/2019 MIS for IMT

1/23

Management Information System: MIS

System Concept: A Foundation

What is a System

Input / Process / Output / Feedback & Control

Concept of interface / Environment / Sub SystemCybernetic System

Component of Information System

People / Hardware / Software / Data / Network Resources

Data & Information

The fundamental roles of IS applications in Business

Trends in Information SystemTypes of Information System

Other Classification of System

Managerial Challenges of Information Technology

Challenges of Ethics & IT

The IS Function


2/23

System & Its Meaning

The term systemhas multiple meanings :A collection of organized things; as, a solar system.

A way of organizing or planning.

A whole composed of relationships among the members.

System: can be simply defined as a group of interrelated or

interacting elements forming a unified whole.Like: Physical System of the Sun & Planets.

: Biological System of the human Body.

: Technological system of an oil refinery.

: Socioeconomic System of a business organization.

Generic System Concept: A system is a group ofinterrelated component working together towards acommon goal by accepting inputs and producing outputsin an organized transformation process.


3/23

Most systems share the same commoncharacteristics. These common characteristics

include the following:.Systems have a structure that is defined by its partsand processes.

Systems are generalizations of reality.

Systems tend to function in the same way. This involvesthe inputs and outputs of material (energy and/ormatter) that is then processed causing it to change insome way.The various parts of a system have functional as well asstructural relationships between each other.

Basically System has three basic interactingcomponents or functions.

Inputinvolves capturing and assembling elements.

Processinginvolves transformation process.

Outputtransferring elements that have been producedby a transformation process to their ultimatedestination.


4/23

Feed-backdata about performance of a system. (Like:data about sales performance is a feedback to a sales

Manager )Control..involves monitoring and evaluating feedbackto determine whether a system is moving towards theachievement of its goal or not & makes necessaryadjustments to a systems input and processingcomponents.

Cybernetic System

A system with feedback and control components iscalled a Cybernetic System.

i.e. Self-monitoring and self regulating.Like: Thermostat-controlled heating system.

: Human Body

: Sometimes a business also has many controlactivities, likeaccounting procedure, sales quotas andsales bonuses etc.


5/23

Other System CharacteristicsEnvironment..A system does not exit in vacuum, it , exists and functionin an environment.

Environment containing other systems.

Sub System.If system is one of the component of a larger system, it isa Sub system & larger system is its..

Environment

Interface.Several system may share the same environment.Some of these system may be connected to one another bymeans of shared boundary or interface.

Open System:,..The system that can exchanges inputs and

outputs with its environment. i.e. connected to itsenvironment by input and output interfaces.

Adaptive System. System that has the ability to changeitself in order to survive is an adaptive system.


6/23

Components Of Information System: (The components are toperform input, processing, output, storage, and control activities)

Input of

data

resources

Processing

Data into

Information

Output of

Info Products

Storage of

Data resources

Control of system

Performance

People Resources Software Resources

Data Resources

Network Resource

Hardware Resources


7/23

Components Of Information System: (The componentsare to perform input, processing, output, storage, and control activities)

IS model shows that info system consists of 05 major resources..

People resources..include

End User.people who use an info system / or info it produces.

IS Specialistspeople who develop and operate info system. Like:

system analyst..design info system.

software developers.,create computer programme.

system operator.. Help to monitor and operate large system and network.

Hardware Resources..include

Computer systemconsists of CPU etc.

Computer Peripheralsdevices like key-board, mouse, printer etc.


8/23


Software Resourcesincludes all sets of info processing

instruction. For exampleSystem Softwaresuch as operating system programme which

control and supports the operations of a computer system.

Application Software.programs that direct processing for a

particular use of computers.

Procedurewhich are the operating instructions for the peoplewho will use an info system. Like Instructions for filling out a paper

form or using a software package.

Data Resources.LikeTraditional alphanumeric data

Text Data

Image Data

Audio Data

The data resources of IS are typically organized, stored, and accessed

by a variety of data resource management technologies.


9/23


Network Resources..Telecom technologies and networks

like the Internet, Intranet and Extranets. Network Resourcesinclude

Communication MediaLike Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable etc

Network Supportgeneric category emphasizes that many hardware,

software and data technology. Like Modems, browser packages etc.

DATA Versus INFORMATION

Data (plural of datum )are raw fact or observations typically

about physical phenomena or business transaction.

Objective measurements of the attributes and entities

Informationbasically processed form of data / in the form of

product. / Data that have been converted into a meaningful and

useful context for specific end user.


10/23

Concept of Internet / Intranet / ExtranetConcept of Internet / Intranet / Extranet

Internet.Global network of computers. There is no one

central computer.Instead, the internet is comprised of a series of special computer

which hold data, called..server.

through the internet one can upload and download files, send and

receive e-mail etc.

Intranets. Are commonly used for internal communication incorporations or educational institutions. An intranet does not allowany access from the outside internet. Only computers connected to

the internal network can connect to the intranet.

Extranets.. Once you allow authorized external users to connect

to an intranet, it becomes an extranet.

An extranet is still restricted, but allows access by certain networks,

computers or individual user.

Like between an enterprise and its trading partners.


11/23

Business today depend on the Internet, intranet and extranet to

implement and manage electronic business , operations, e-

commerce and enterprise collaboration.

The Internet.

Engineering

& Research Manufacturing

Accounting

& Finance

Customer Relationship Mgt.

Supply chain Mgt.

Suppliers & Partners

ConsumerExtranet

Extranet


12/23

Information System Activities

Input of data resource.....

Processing of data into information.

Output of information products..

Storage of data Resources.

Control of System Performance..


13/23

The Fundamental Role of IS applications in

Business..

SBPlike In retail format to record customer purchase,

keep track of inventory, pay employees.

SDM.. Like what lines of merchandise need to be

added or discounted.

SCA.. Innovative use of info tech.

Support Business Processes & operations

Support Business Decision Making

Support strategies for competitive Advantage


14/23

Trends in Information Systems

Until 60s transaction processing / record keeping / other EDP

operations

60 70s Mgt. reporting i.e. MIS/ reports on pre-specified info to

support decision Making.

70 -80s DSS / Inactive ad-hoc support for managerial decision

making process

80-90s End-user computing system / EIS /ES / SIS

90 00, networked e-business and e-commerce systems

(internet based)


15/23

Types of Information SystemsTypes of Information Systems

Information System

OSS MSS

TPS PCS ECS MIS

DSS

EISOperational and managerial classification of

Information systems. This conceptual overview

emphasizes The main purpose of information system

that support business operations and managerial

decision making.


16/23

Types of Information SystemsTypes of Information SystemsThe applications of info systems can be classified in

different ways.

Operational Support System..there role is to

efficiently process business transactions, control

industrial process, support enterprise communication

and collaboration and update corporate database.

Such OSS produce a variety of info products for

internal / external user, but they do not emphasize

producing the specific information products that can

best be used by manager. Like

TPS.Transaction processing systems.PCS. Process control systems.

ECS..Enterprise collaboration systems.


17/23

Operational Support Systems

TPS.Transaction processing systems..that records and

process the data resulting from business transaction.There are two basic ways..

Batch Processing..transaction data are accumulated over a

period of time and processed periodically.

Real time Processing..data are processed immediately after

a transaction occurs. (POS)

PCSProcess Control System..that monitor and control physical

process. Like Petro refinery uses electronic sensors linked to

computer to monitor chemical process and make instant (real time)

adjustments that control the refinery process.

ECS.Enterprise Collaboration System..enhance team and work

group communication and productivity, sometimes called as OAS.


18/23

Management Support Systems

MSS.it focus on providing information and support for effective

decision making by managers.But providing support for all types of managers is a complex task. Somajor types of info system support a variety of decision-makingresponsibilities.

MIS.Management information system.provide info in the form of

reports and displays to managers.

DSS.Decision Support System..give direct computer support tomanagers during the decision making process. Like Ad manager may use anelectronic spreadsheet programme to do what if analysis as they test theimpact of alternative advertising budgets on the forecasted sales of new

products.

EIS..Executive information systemprovide critical info from a widevariety of internal and external sources in easy to use & displays toexecutives and managers.


19/23

Other Classifications of Information Systems

Several other categories of info system can support

either operations or management applications. Like.

Expert System.

Basically intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply

knowledge and drawing systematic conclusions.

can provide expert advice for operational chores likeequipment diagnostics, portfolio management.

Like.. MACSYMA(1969)..solver of complex mathematical problem

.MYCIN (1973)..system for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases.

Knowledge Management System.are knowledge based info

system that support the creation, organization, and

dissemination of business knowledge to employees and

managers throughout a company.

Strategic Information System..apply information

technology to a firms products, services or business processes

to help it gain a strategic advantage over its competitors.


20/23

Points as Notes..

Applications of info systems in real world are typically integrated

combinations of the several types of info systems. Thats becoz

conceptual classification of info systems are designed to emphasize

the many roles of info systems.

So whenever you analyze an info system, you will probably see

that it provides info for a variety of managerial levels and business

functions.

Shipment tracking , eCommerce web systems are examples of SIS,

however credit application advisor is example of Expert system,

similarly intranet access to best business practices, or sales

proposal strategies are the part of KMS.

MISis an integrated user-machine system for providing info to

support ; Operational / Management / & Decision making

functions in an organization.


21/23

Managerial Challenges of Information Technology

Info system must be managed to support the b-strategies; B Process & OS. Therefore success of IS should not bemeasured by the efficiency but also be measured by

effectiveness in supporting process, structure, etc.

Business - Enterprise

B Strategies

B Process

Structure & Culture

Internet orked

In o systemCustomer

Value

Business

ValueIT In rastructure

Global B - Environment


22/23

From failure to success with IT

The Boeing Company

Business Failure

Costly delay in obtaining 6 million parts to build each craft with

unintegrated IT system

New IT solution

Integrate entire supply chain into internal production systems.

Business Success

Output capacity up 100% in 4years. Craft lead times reduced by

60%.

Thomson Consumer Electronics

Business Failure

Retailers not getting quick replenishment of core products.New IT solution

Integrate entire supply chain into internal production systems.

Business Success

Out of stock scenario reduced to 1% with forecast accuracy now

above 95%


23/23

Challenges of Ethics & IT

Examples of some of the ethical challenges that must be

faced by business managers who implement majorapplication of info technology.

Applications of IT

CRM

HRM

BIS ( Intelligence)

ECS(E-Com)

Potential Hams

How likely are customer

Employees, b-partners to

Be affected by.

Infringement on privacy

Inaccurate Info

Exclusion from essential

b -resourcePotential Risk

How likely arelegal actions,

boycott, work

stoppages &

other threats to

occur?

Possible Response

MIS for IMT

Documents

Transcript of MIS for IMT