Mirror Neurons: From Origins to Function · Mirror Neurons: From Origins to Function ESCON 2013...
Transcript of Mirror Neurons: From Origins to Function · Mirror Neurons: From Origins to Function ESCON 2013...
Mirror Neurons:
From Origins to Function
ESCON 2013 Pre-conference on Social Neuroscience
Organised by Frank Van Overwalle. Funded by the ESF
Vilnius, Lithuania, 28th August 2013
All Souls College
& Department of Experimental Psychology
University of Oxford
Cecilia Heyes
Mirror Neurons
Iacoboni & Dapretto 2006, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 942-951
Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi & Rizzolatti 1996, Brain, 119, 593-609
Sensational Reviews
January 10, 2006
“Cells that read minds”
“The Mirror Neuron Revolution:
Explaining What Makes Humans Social”
1 July 2008
“The driving force behind the ‘great leap forward’ in human
evolution…
I predict that mirror neurons will do for psychology what DNA did
for biology.”
Ramachandran, June 29, 2000
Where do mirror neurons come from?
Genetic
Purpose
Process
Driver
Type of experience
Role of experience
‘Action understanding’
Natural selection
Genome
Sensory &/or motor
Facilitative
Associative
None
Associative learning
Environment
Sensorimotor
Inductive
Heyes (2010) Neuro & Biobeh Revs, 34, 575-583
Cook, Bird, Catmur, Press & Heyes (in press), Behavioral & Brain Sciences
Mirror Neurons from Associative Learning
STS
PMC
S1 S2 Sn
M1 M2 Mn
Before learning
M1 M2 Mn
S1 S2 Sn
After learning
Mirror1 Mirror2 Mirrorn
Learning
Heyes (2010) Neuro & Biobeh Revs, 34, 575-583
Cook, Bird, Catmur, Press & Heyes (in press) Behavioral & Brain Sciences
Sociocultural experience
Rich sources: Self-observation
White et al (1964)
2-3 month infants
majority of waking hours looking at own hands
Characteristics of mirror neurons
Action types
‘Goals’
View-specific, direction-specific
Transitive & intransitive
Tools and sounds
Context effects
Occlusion
Eating vs placing
Development
Imitation in newborns
Effects of sensorimotor training
Genetic
Associative
Imitation in Newborns
0
5
10
15
20
25
Tongue
protrusion
Mouth
opening
Hand
opening
Lip
protrusion
Finger
movement
Blinking Head move Facial
emotion
Positive
Negative
Num
be
r o
f p
ub
lishe
d e
xp
erim
ents
Gesture Type
Ray & Heyes (2011) Developmental Science
Jones (2006) Infant Behavior
& Development
Meltzoff & Moore (1977)
Science
Drop-out
Effects of Sensorimotor Experience Effects Enhance
Abolish
Reverse
Induce
Measures
Automatic imitation
Heyes et al 2005
Press et al 2007
Gillmeister et al 2008
Cook et al 2010, 2012
Wiggett et al 2011
MEPs
d’Ausilio et al 2006
Catmur et al 2007, 2011
Petroni et al 2010
fMRI action observation
Haslinger et al 2005
Calvo-Merino et al 2006
Cross et al 2009
fMRI conjunction
Catmur et al 2008
Landmann et al 2011
fMRI repetition suppression
Press et al under review
Index
Little
MEP
Caroline Catmur
Catmur, Walsh & Heyes (2007) Current Biology, 17
Catmur, Mars, Rushworth & Heyes (2010) J Cogn Neuro
Cavallo, Heyes, Becchio, Bird & Catmur (in press), SCAN
‘Fadiga effect’
TRAINING
Index > Index
Little > Little
Control
Index > Little
Little > Index
Experimental
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
Index Little
Post test
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Index Little
Observed movement
Control
Group
Experimental
Group
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Index Little
Pre test
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
Index Little
Observed movement
ME
P r
atio
(m
ove
me
nt / re
ce
din
g)
From origins to function
Developmental history
System-level psychological theory
Intervention experiments
Cook, Bird, Catmur, Press & Heyes (in press), Behavioral & Brain Sciences