Mirra Noor Milla*State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia

Subhan El Hafi z*University of Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka, Indonesia

Izza RohmanUniversity of Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka, Indonesia

Rizki Edmi EdisonC-Tech Lab, Edwar Technology, Tangerang, Indonesia

Presented in Interdisciplinary Moral Forum, SMV Project, Marquette University, WI, USA. 12-14 March 2015

"Jihad”, what’s happening with this virtue?

"Jihad" for Muslim is a virtue, it’s learned from generation to generation since the prophet of Muhammad teaching Islam.

There are different interpretation and motivation for Muslim in implementing this virtue.

The unique strength characteristic of this virtue can help us to understand how is a virtue from religion could be formed or transformed by specific condition from group dynamic in the community.

Background of the study

Jihad ‘to make substantial effort’Based on literature, there are two primary

concept of Jihad, greater jihad and lesser jihad.Greater Jihad

an inner struggle against the base instincts of the body, also against corruption of the soul, and it believed a necessary part of the process of gaining spiritual insight (Knap, 2003; 84)

Lesser Jihadphysical actions taken in defense of the realm are

considered (Knap, 2003; 84)

Concept of Jihad

This study will integrate the result from study in theology, from spirituality to personality, from individual to group/community

Integrating multiple disciplines and methodology, including theology, sociology, psychology, and neurology

There are three different discipline, humanities (theology), social science (psychology and sociology), and natural science (physiology and neuroscience) which will studying the same virtue, ‘Jihad’.

Deep Integration

The first study is aims to explain the variety of meaning of the virtue of jihad that derived from the primary textual sources of knowledge in Islam (syar’i).

The second study will compare the different representation of this virtue from one to another in various social group on different practical implementation.

The third studies will be testing the different reaction of the human brain based on the motivation difference of the jihad in previous study.

Approach and Method

1. What are the psychosocial factor that contributed for one Muslim in implementing the virtue of jihad?

2. How is the motivation in implementing this virtue can be very different one to another?

Central Question

Key QuestionWhat can this research addresses?

Many studies concerning virtue that determined from religion was still conducted separately.

This research purpose to give theoretical contribution on a deep concepts of virtue. Its not only would try to explore the virtue in a religion perspective but further will explain how the virtue developing on one's self in different groups and various social condition.

This research will give us understanding about how a virtue as source of moral evaluation, becoming source of a powerful motivation for individual to justifying violence or sacrificing oneself. Conversely, sometimes for a person this virtue is no more than just a doctrine of religion.

Differ from current research perspectives?

Developing collaboration from tafsir (interpretation of Qur’an) or hermeneutic into social studies, especially behavior science, is a new approach.

This research will seek an understanding of the religious texts as source of knowledge for believer and how they implementing the virtue through process of communication and interpretation, and sensing as a living virtue in communities.

This research will also try to build conceptualization with structuring relational ties between virtue in theology, social science and neural science.

Use innovative methodologies?

The meaning of jihad as a syar’i term was not changed from early decade of Islam, but the interpretation and the implementation of jihad as a virtue has expanded in accordance with social context.

By studying this virtue we can revealed many social aspect in the communities relating with the virtue.

It can also reveal a deep understanding of the virtue from the perspective of psychological, sociological, or political condition that can boost one's motivation and its implementation related to specific behavior.

The social dimensions of virtue?

The variation in implementing jihad as a virtue in a different Islamic groups or communities have shown that this virtue has been influenced by many aspect in social interaction.

Understanding jihad as a virtue in Islamic communities will help us to understand how a virtue can play as instrumental source of motivation and it was developed in various culture and institution.

Development or inhibition of virtuous motivation?

Scientific publication online, scientific journal; and conference.

The Expected Output

Fadhil, A. An Analysis of Historical Development of TafsirMawdu'i. Jurnal Usuluddin. 20 (2004).Pp. 89-104

Fowers, Blain J., 2005. Virtue and Psychology: Pursuing Excellence in Ordinary Practices. Washington DC: APA Press.

Knapp, M. G. (2003). The concept and practice of Jihad in Islam. ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA.

Milla, M. N., & Ancok, D. (2013). The impact of leader–follower interactions on the radicalization of terrorists: A case study of the Bali bombers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16(2), 92-100.

Muluk, H., Sumaktoyo, N.G. & Ruth, D.M. (2013) Jihad as justification: National survey evidence of belief in violent jihad as a mediating factor for sacred violence among Muslims in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16(2), 101-111.

 Putra, I. E., &Sukabdi, Z. A. (2013). Basic concepts and reasons behind the emergence of religious terror activities in Indonesia: An inside view. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16(2), 83-91.

Taruno, W. P., Baidillah, M. R., Sulaiman, R. I., Ihsan, M. F., Fatmi, S. E., Muhtadi, A. H., &Aljohani, M. (2013, April). 4D brain activity scanner using Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT).In Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2013 IEEE 10th International Symposium on (pp. 1006-1009). IEEE.

Bibliography

Thank YouTerima Kasih