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SDCG-12 4 th -8 th September 2017 ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy - V1.0 Page 1 MINUTES OF THE 12th MEETING OF THE CEOS SPACE DATA COORDINATION GROUP FOR GFOI (SDCG-12) GFOI Early Warning Session Monday 4 th September 2017 ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy An SDCG-12 session to discuss the potential requirements of a GFOI Early Warning system was held on the Monday before the main SDCG-12 meeting. The morning session was a GFOI Early Warning Task Force Meeting (summary report below), and the afternoon session was a discussion of how space agencies might respond via CEOS and SDCG. Participants: Brian Killough (CEOS SEO/NASA), Stephen Ward (SDCG Sec), Rachael Petersen (WRI), Mikaela Weisse (WRI), Steven Hosford (CNES), Anna Rita Pisani (ASI), Yves Crevier (CSA), George Dyke (SDCG Sec), Johannes Reiche (Wageningen/GOFC-GOLD), Helmut Staudenrausch (DLR), Eugene (Gene) Fosnight (USGS), Frank Martin Seifert (ESA), Ake Rosenqvist (JAXA), Matthew Steventon (SDCG Sec), Masato Hayashi (JAXA, GoToMeeting) Welcome and Introductions Stephen Ward (SDCG Sec) welcomed everyone to the afternoon session and reviewed the agenda which looks at identifying opportunities for collaboration, common interests, and capacities around deforestation early warning. SDCG-Exec collaborated on a related paper earlier this year, and this meeting is an opportunity to follow up and refine away forward. Summary of GFOI Early Warning Task Force – Monday Morning Session Brian reviewed his notes from the GFOI Early Warning Task Force meeting which took place in the morning. - It was noted that there are many stakeholders involved and there is a need to understand the number of options for EW. Effective use of EW systems by governments is often a bigger issue than technology. There is also a role for civil society groups (e.g. Amazon Conservation team, Jane Goodall Institute) as they tend to use EW products to put pressure on countries to make decisions. - GFOI sees a role for CSO (Civil Society Organizations) and the need for their involvement, and this will be in part addressed via a "User Needs Assessment". This will require ensuring all relevant actors have been consulted. - “Lessons Learned" from the GFW alerts efforts were shared, and parameters vary across resolutions (e.g. 30m, 250m), various frequencies (e.g. weekly, monthly) and locations (not global and mostly pantropical). Users have different needs, such as a desire for all land change (Uganda) and a desire to minimize commission errors (Peru). - A summary of a Peru Case Study was given, noting that alerts are generally accurate - some individual pixels are wrong but clusters of pixels are usually correct. 68% said cloud cover was a "major limitation". Some users noted a desire for country "ownership" of the system rather than depending on global systems that depend on external funding.
Transcript of MINUTES OF THE 12th MEETING OF THE CEOS SPACE DATA...
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MINUTESOFTHE12thMEETINGOFTHECEOSSPACEDATACOORDINATIONGROUPFORGFOI(SDCG-12)GFOIEarlyWarningSession
Monday4thSeptember2017ESAESRIN,Frascati,Italy
AnSDCG-12sessiontodiscussthepotentialrequirementsofaGFOIEarlyWarningsystemwasheldontheMondaybeforethemainSDCG-12meeting.ThemorningsessionwasaGFOIEarlyWarning Task Force Meeting (summary report below), and the afternoon session was adiscussionofhowspaceagenciesmightrespondviaCEOSandSDCG.
Participants: Brian Killough (CEOS SEO/NASA), Stephen Ward (SDCG Sec), Rachael Petersen(WRI),MikaelaWeisse(WRI),StevenHosford(CNES),AnnaRitaPisani(ASI),YvesCrevier(CSA),GeorgeDyke (SDCGSec), JohannesReiche (Wageningen/GOFC-GOLD),HelmutStaudenrausch(DLR), Eugene (Gene) Fosnight (USGS), Frank Martin Seifert (ESA), Ake Rosenqvist (JAXA),MatthewSteventon(SDCGSec),MasatoHayashi(JAXA,GoToMeeting)
WelcomeandIntroductions
StephenWard(SDCGSec)welcomedeveryonetotheafternoonsessionandreviewedtheagendawhich looks at identifying opportunities for collaboration, common interests, and capacitiesarounddeforestationearlywarning.SDCG-Execcollaboratedonarelatedpaperearlierthisyear,andthismeetingisanopportunitytofollowupandrefineawayforward.
SummaryofGFOIEarlyWarningTaskForce–MondayMorningSession
BrianreviewedhisnotesfromtheGFOIEarlyWarningTaskForcemeetingwhichtookplaceinthemorning.
- ItwasnotedthattherearemanystakeholdersinvolvedandthereisaneedtounderstandthenumberofoptionsforEW.EffectiveuseofEWsystemsbygovernmentsisoftenabiggerissuethantechnology.Thereisalsoaroleforcivilsocietygroups(e.g.AmazonConservationteam,JaneGoodallInstitute)astheytendtouseEWproductstoputpressureoncountriestomakedecisions.
- GFOIseesaroleforCSO(CivilSocietyOrganizations)andtheneedfortheirinvolvement,andthiswillbeinpartaddressedviaa"UserNeedsAssessment".Thiswillrequireensuringallrelevantactorshavebeenconsulted.
- “Lessons Learned" from theGFWalerts effortswere shared, and parameters vary acrossresolutions(e.g.30m,250m),variousfrequencies(e.g.weekly,monthly)andlocations(notglobalandmostlypantropical).Usershavedifferentneeds,suchasadesireforalllandchange(Uganda)andadesiretominimizecommissionerrors(Peru).
- AsummaryofaPeruCaseStudywasgiven,notingthatalertsaregenerallyaccurate-someindividualpixelsarewrongbutclustersofpixelsareusuallycorrect.68%saidcloudcoverwasa"majorlimitation".Someusersnotedadesireforcountry"ownership"ofthesystemratherthandependingonglobalsystemsthatdependonexternalfunding.
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- The"CEOSConceptNote"foranEWsystemwaspresented,andtheoutputsfromtheGFOIEW Workshop in Jan 2015 in Brazil were reviewed with the meeting report here:https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByjVYQqIoebeS0NyajlSV1ZCcDA
- Theteamwentthroughtheagendaitemsunder"UserNeedsAssessment"andexpandedoneachbullet.Theseaddressedobjectives,scope,process,outcome,teamandtimeframe.
- Objectives:whatareweaimingtoachievefromthisassessment?o MoredefinedsetofrequirementsforEWsystem(s)thatcaninformfutureR&D
directionso Drivenbyuserneedsratherthantechpush–notonlyafocusontechnical
requirementso Stratifyassessmentbasedoncountrycapacities(e.g.Peru/Colombia,DRC,Indonesia
allhavedifferentneedsandknowledgeetc.)o Presentunifiedvoicetotheglobalcommunity(countries,donors,techpartnersand
R&Dorgs)o Determinationofendusergroups(e.g.govts,CSOs,media)
- Scope:what’sinandwhat’sout?o Politicalandinstitutionalconditionsforuptakeo Allforestchangesincluded.Considerallaspectsofearlywarningandthenstratify
intosystemso Bottomup(nottopdown)o Considerationforcountryownershipofproductsandproductgeneration(inclcost-
benefitanalysis)o InteresttobroadenusergroupsfromgovtstoalsoCSOs
- Process:howwillthestudybeundertaken?o StratifyassessmentintodifferentEWsystemcategorieswhichhavedifferentreqs
onresolution,latency,tempfrequencyetc.(eglawenforcement,fires,reporting,etc.)
o Willbedeterminedbypartnerresourceso Iterativeapproach.StartwithWRIongoingLessonsLearnedstudy.ThenMulti-
stakeholderforum.Improvedrequirements.Etc.o BuildonreqsexpressedinGFOI/SilvaCarbonworkshopinBrazil(Jan2015)o GLADsystemanentrypointforeverybodyo HowtocollecttheinfofortheMSF(calls,emails,surveys?)
- Outcome:whatwillbedeliveredandwhatpurposeswillitserve?o Userrequirementsdocumento Guidelinesandrecommendations(stratified).SimilartoolsuchasREDDcompass
(decisiontreestructure)o Pilotstudieso ListofR&Dtopics
- Team:whowillbeinvolved?o GFOIOffice(co-lead)o WRI(LeadcoordinatorofUNA)&UMDo CEOS
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o GOFC-GOLD/WURo WRIcollaboratingcountries(PER,DRC,IND,COL)o GFOIcollaboratingorganisationsandcountrieso SilvaCarbono FAOo WB?
- Timeframe:start,interimanddeliverydates?
Akeaddedsomecommentsonuserneedsassessment,notingthatheperformedaverybroaduserneedsassessment,whichwasrequestedbytheGFOIOffice.
Rachaelnotedthatthemulti-stakeholderforumisplannedasanopportunitytostartgatheringinitialuserrequirements,andWRIhasstartedtodraftapaperonthetopic.
Stephen noted the Vietnam Data Cube work supported by CSIRO, with FIPI planningdeforestationapplications,andavarietyofdatasetsavailable.
Theneedforuserrequirementwasagreed,aswellasguidancedocumentation,andhowthismightinteractwiththeGFOIR&Dcomponent.ItwassuggestedthatWRIpaperbeusedasthebasisforthestakeholdermeeting,usethemeetingtorefinethepaper,andthiscouldbedoneinparallelwithaGFOIefforttodevelopsomeguidancematerials.
SDCG-12-1 TomHarveytoaddthelinktothe2015GFOIEWWorkshopreporttotheGFOIwebsite. September2017
JJ-FASTOverview
MasatoHayashi(JAXA,GoToMeeting)presentedasummaryonJJ-FAST,acollaborationbetweenJICAandJAXAfordetecting illegaldeforestation. JJ-FASTdetectsdeforestationgreaterthan5hectares by comparing twoALOS-2 PALSAR-2 images, and is currently targeting 80 countriesproviding updates every 1.5 months. JJ-FAST covers almost all tropical forests, and the SARdatasetisabletoobservethroughcloudcover.TheJJ-FASTwebinterfacepresentswarnings,andallows users to uncover extra information, including estimated deforestation areas. 83.3%accuracy has been shown by field validation, and a number of enhancements are planned,particularlyaroundissuesrelatedtosteepslopes,smallareas,andseasonalchanges,usingmoremulti-temporalimages.Johannesaskedwhointerpretsthepolygonsforinclusion/exclusion,andHayashiconfirmedthisisdonebyJAXAstaff.Rachaelnotedthiswillbeachallengetomaintainqualitycontrolwhenscalinguptotheplanned77countries.
INPEDETER
AkeRosenqvist(onbehalfofINPE)presentedonBrazil’sDETERsystem.HenotedthatPRODESisbeing expanded to cover greater region, and that DETER is the detection system, whereasPRODESmeasuresthefinalresult(forest/non-forest).ThesystemisdrivenbyMODISdata,visualinterpretation,andtheresultsarethenpresentedtoIBAMA(lawenforcement).DETERresultsalsoavailableonlinetothepublic.RecentlytheyhaveintegratedAWiFSandCBERS-4data,andtryingtointegratethevarioussystems(DETER,DETEX,DEGRAD,etc.)Akestressedthatthisisatrulyoperationalsystem,andprovidesalotofgreatlessons.HenotedthatinthepastaJAXA-
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IBAMAINDICARsystemhadbeendevelopedwhichusedALOSScanSARdatatofillgapsinrainyseasonduetoclouds.
GFWandWRIEarlyWarningActivities
RachaelpresentedanoverviewofWRI’searlywarningactivities,notingthatWRIhasfoundthatgovernanceissues,i.e.unclearlandtenure,lackoffunding,etc.,areoneofthebiggesthurdlestouptakeofearlywarningsystems.ShenotedthatexpandingGLADalerts(currentlycovering16countries in the Amazon, Central Africa, and SE Asia) to more countries is restricted bycomputationalresources,thoughUMDareworkingtoexpandtheirsystemtocovermoreareasleveragingGoogleEarthEngine.
RachelconfirmedthatthatFredStolleandWRIremainstillveryinterestedinsupportintegratingSARdatatofillcloudgaps.PotentialdatastreamsSDCG-GFOIcouldhelpsupportwithincludeALOS-2(9timesayear)andNovaSAR(onceitisavailable),thoughSentinel1likelyremainsthebestoptionforlarge-scalemonitoringsinceitisfreeandopen.
MikaelanotedthattherehavebeenreportsinBrazilthatillegalloggersarenowstartingadapttheirbehaviours todeforestduringcloudyperiods toavoiddetectionbyDETER.Radardata’sabilitytoovercomecloudcoverlimitationsmayhelpgreatlyinthiscase.
GLADdoesn't have any image filtering yet to eliminate single pixels, and the accuracy tunedtowardfalsenegatives.Infuture,theyplantoallowuserstoadjusttheiraccuracy,asusersmayhavediversepreferencesforsensitivitydependingonhowtheydeploytheinformation.
Funding forGLAD coming throughbilateral donations, and they are hoping to reach a lowerfutureoperatingcostbymigrationtoGEE.Yvesaskedhowcountriescanbeassuredthesystemwillexistinthefuture,iffundingisnotsecure.Thisisacommonquestionfromusers,whowanttoknowthesystemwillbesustainedbeforebuildingtheirownworkflowsontopofit.TheywouldconsiderrunningGLADonaDataCubeinfuture,butthequestionsofoperationalcostsaswellassourcecode/algorithmswouldhavetobeaddressed.
It was noted that integration of Sentinel-2 imagery is also a future goal to increase revisitfrequencyandresolution.
GLAD isbeingusedwidely inPeru (e.g. government, civil society), and theyare findinggoodtimeliness and coverage. There are technical limitations around cloud cover, and separatingnaturalandanthropogenicchanges.Howeveroverall,theyhavefoundthegovernanceandlegallimitationsaregreaterthantechnicallimitations,e.g.lackofresourcestofollowupandprosecutethoseresponsible.
OversellingtheutilityofEOisaconcern,particularlywhenitcomestolegalcases.
GOFC-GOLDheritageinEWactivities
Johannesprovidedanupdateon theworkGOFC-GOLD is doing indeforestationassessment,notingthereisatradeoffbetweensystemcomplexityandcapability,wheregenerallyspeakingthemorecomplex,thelessimplementationislikely.
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GOFC-GOLD has been developing and implementing probabilisticmethods for EarlyWarningdetectionusingSentinel-1dual-pol.PreliminaryresultsinSumatradetectforestchangesasmanyas54daysearlierthanGLADalerts.
Therewas adiscussion aroundBFAST, and itwasnoted that itwasneverdesigned for earlywarning.
Overall,theambitionfortheGFOIAlertactivityistomovetargetedR&Dintooperationalpracticeviathesynthesisofvariousdataandapproaches.Theprocessshouldusecasedrivenanalysisofuncertaintiestowardspecificsolutions.
Johannesnotedtheimportanceoflisteningtotheuseronthetradeoffbetweentimelinessandaccuracy,andthatintheirexperiencethereisabroadrangeofuserrequirements.Forexample,someuserspreferveryunreliablyestimates(10%accuracy)providedquickly(withindays),whileothersrequirehighreliabilityandattribution.
SDCG-12-2 SDCGEXECtofollowuptheideaofaJJ-FASTandGLADcomparisonaspartofGFOIALERT SDCG-13
AgencyHeritage&InterestinaGFOIEarlyWarningCollaboration
HelmutnotedthatDLRisreadytocontributedata(e.g.TSX,TDX),eitherthroughtheAOsystemorsomeshortcut.Links toPlanet inBerlinmayalsobepossible.DLR is readytosupport,butwouldliketoseejointactionfromallSDCGagencies.AkenotedthatRapidEye/fineresolutionopticaldatawouldbeveryuseful, inparticular if targetedacquisitions couldbeplanned inasimilarwaytodisasteractivities.
GenesuggestedafollowupwithJeffMasektogetanupdateonNASAactivities.
YvesnotedthatCSAdemonstratedcanopychangedetectionwithtimeseriesofRADARSAT-2in2009,andthismaybeofinterest.Henotedthatsince2010,coherentRS-2acquisitionshavebeenongoingovercertainlocations.Thiscomprisesthousandsofimagesthatcouldbecontributedfordeforestationmonitoring.HenotedCSAwouldliketocontribute,inparticulartoinitiativeswherevalidationactivitieswillbedone.He iswillingtodothenecessarynegotiationstogetdatatoinitiativesthatcanprovetheutilityofC-bandfordeforestationmonitoring.
Anna-RitanotatedthatCOSMO-SkyMEDdatacanbeprovidedforresearchprojects,andsheisgatheringinformationnow,totakebacktoASIandseewhatcontributionsarepossible.
StevennotedheisunabletocommitonbehalfofCNES,butthathiscolleaguestherewouldlikelybewillingtoputresourcesintoanyeffort(e.g.Pleiades).
Overall, there was strong support from the agencies, while all agreed thatmost details areneededbeforeconcretecontributionscanbedetermined.
DataCubeSupporttoGFOIEarlyWarningObjectives
BrianprovidedasummaryofDataCubesupporttoEarlyWarningobjectives,notingthattheyareseeking toworkwith Vietnam to demonstrate a deforestation alert tool that utilizes diversemoderate resolutiondatasetsandaDataCube infrastructure.Healso suggested lookingataspecificareaflaggedoverColombia,tobringtogetherdatafromJAXA,CSA,DLR,andothers.The
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objective could be to take some of the work that GOFC-GOLD is doing (e.g. what Johannespresented) on the Data Cube to demonstrate progress while waiting for GFOI user needsassessmenttobedone.
ClosingDiscussionandNextStepsTherewasadiscussionaroundthemainpointsagreed,abasicschedule,potentialroles,geography,anddatasupply.
BroadpointsofagreementontheelementsthatmightcompriseaGFOIALERTactivity:
- aUserNeedsAssessmentbasedonlessonslearned(WRIPerupilot),GFOI/SilvaCarbonEWworkshopinJan.2015,dialoguewithcountries,phoneinterviews,questionnaire,…)
- amulti-stakeholderforumevent(likely inDC-relatedtoGFWPartnershipmeetinginFeb2018)tosolicitinputonassessment
- subsequentGFOIguidanceonEarlyWarningforcountries(includingmaybeadecision-treeeffortlikeREDDcompass)
- parallelR&DworktoaddresssomeofthetechnicalchallengesaroundEW- relatedpilotactivities
Schedule
TheUserNeedsAssessment(UNA)comesfirst.AndshouldruntoaboutJunenextyear,withpossible“launch”atOsloREDDExchange.ItcanhavetheexistingWRIworkasthenucleus(withPeru,DRCandIndonesia).SuggestedweaddfromGFOIVietnamandColombiatothat.WRIismotivated to progress this and willing to adapt their existing efforts to suit the GFOIgeometry.Co-locatingtheproposedeventwiththeGFWconferenceinFebinWashingtonDCwas discussed, but following themeeting thiswas found to be unsuitable due to scope andplanningchangesontheGFWside.Theyhaveflexibilitytoincludemaybeupto2daysontheUserNeedsassessmentaroundthecoreagenda.Userneedsassessmentwillincludeusecasesfor early warning, technical requirements for EW, but also political andinstitutionalconsiderationsforuptakeofEW.WeshouldestablishearlydesiredattendancefortheUNAevent.
TheGuidanceeffortwouldstartafterconclusionoftheUNA.Saymid-2018.TheR&Dstudiesandpilotscantentativelystartonsomefundamental issuesnow(likecombiningradarandopticaland impactonFalseAlarmRatesbasedon initialuser feedback)butwouldbedirectedwhenpossiblebytheneedsassessmentandhavethedemosfocusonspecificissueshighlightedbytheUNA.
PotentialRoles
WRIwillingandabletoleadtheassessmentandforumeventpendingresourceavailability.WRIisthenaturalleadforthisworkandwillingtodoso.Theymayseeksomeadditionalresourcestoachieve this. Agreed that the Capacity Building component should perhaps co-lead the userassessment.TheGuidancetaskrequiresleadershipfromtheMGDcomponentideally.
CEOS(andagencies)andGOFC-GOLDwillingtoprogresstheR&Dstudiesandpilots.WRIiskeentobetheuserpullandtoexploreadditionofradardatastreamstotheirEWcapabilities.Early
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workcouldfocusoncomparingGLADresultswiththeJAXA/JICAJJ-FASTresultsasanobviousfirststep.
Geography
AsnotedWRIearlyalertworkiswithDRC,Indonesiaand(especially)Peru.SDCGiskeentouseits existing pilots as platforms for the technical studies and demos. Vietnam and Colombiawerediscussedandagreedaspossibilities.
DataSupply
Therewerestrongstatementsofsupportfromarangeofspaceagenciesforsupplyofdatainsupportof the technical studies. IncludingESA,USGS,DLR,CSA,CNES,andASI.This includedtheSentinels,Landsat,Radarsat,TerraSAR,Planet,COSMOSkymedandPleiades.AlsoScanSARdatafromALOSforVietnam.AndhopefulofS-BanddatafromUK’sNovaSAR,whichneedsstilltobelaunched.AgreedthatacoordinateddatasupplyandR&DeffortshouldbeorchestratedacrossCEOSagenciesformaximumfocusandbenefit.
DiscussionandActions
Abriefdiscussionfollowed,andactionswereagreed.
- The UNA should be carried out byWRI, in coordination with the GFOI capacity buildingcomponent.WRIshouldalsopushGFOIOfficeforresources.
- WRInotedtheymaybeabletoincludeGFOIEarlyWarningtopicsfortheirnextuserforum(February2018),thoughafterfurtherdiscussionfollowingthemeetingthiswasfoundtonotbepossibleduetoscopeandplanningchangesintheiruserforum.Thismeetingisachanceto identify opportunities for collaboration that will make the most of limited resourcesavailable,andtocometogetherunderafewkeyuserpullprojects.
- ThereisaneedtoengagetheGFOIMGDgrouptosignupfortheguidanceonearlywarning,ideallywithasimilarapproachaswhatwastakeforREDDCompass.
- ItwasagreedthatthereareseveraltasksthatCEOScancarryoutinparallelwithUNA(e.g.Brian’sDataCubeexploratoryactivities).TheCEOSnicheisreallyfocusedoncountry-levelsupport.
- FrankMartinnotedhecanfollow-uponfurthercontributionstoGFOIR&D,e.g.aroundearlywarning,inter-comparison,inclusionofSARinoperationalsystems.
- JohannesisconfidentthathisGOFC-GOLDmethodsarematureenoughtoconsiderscalingup,andAkenotedthissoundslikeagoodpilot.
- ThefirsttwobestpossibilitiesarelikelyaJJ-FAST-GLADcomparison,andworkingontheGOFC-GOLDapproaches.
- Thereisgoodenthusiasmfromdataproviderstosupportthesedevelopmentactivities.
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WRItoconfirmthebroadenedscopeoftheEarlyWarningUserNeedsAssessment(EW-UNA)basedondiscussionswithCEOSagenciesatSDCG-12
RevisitatGFOIPlenary/SDCG-
13AfterfurtherdiscussionwithGFOIleads,a
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consultantcoordinatedby
GFOIwillleadtheUserNeeds
Assessment.Tomiscurrently
workingontheTORwithsupportfromRachael
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WRItoconfirmthedetailsoftheirFebruary2018userforum(i.e.location,dates),aswellaspossibleagendatimefortheEW-UNA
COMPLETEAfterfurtherdiscussion,theGFWmeetinginFebruarywillnotbeagoodfit,bothdueto
timingandtoarestructuringof
theGFWmeeting.Thetimingofthe
forumisstillTBD.Theforum
committeewilldevelopamoredetailedscopefortheforumbytheendoftheyear
SDCG-12-5FrankMartintoworkwiththeGFOILeadstoensureappropriateGFOIrepresentationatWRI’suserforum,andanysessionsaroundEarlyWarning
October2017
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FrankMartintoraisethepossibilityofGFOIR&Dcomponentsupport(e.g.GOFC-GOLD)totheoperationalisationofEarlyWarningapproachesbeingstudied,e.g.aroundearlywarning,inter-comparison
SDCG-13
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AketoadvisetheMGDUserAdvisoryGroupoftheon-goingdiscussionsaroundEarlyWarning,andreportbackonanyreactions,interest,andpotentialnextsteps
SDCG-13
