Basics of Textile Manufacturing

MINOR CELLULOSIC FIBRES

Minor Cellulosic Fibres

• These fibres are those which are rarely used in Apparel use.

• They are produced in less quantity.• The Minor Cellulosic Fibres are:1) Hemp 6) Coir 2) Manila Hemp3) Ramie4) Sisal5) Kapok

HEMP FIBRE

• Hemp is a vegetable fibre.

• It is obtained from the Hemp plant.

• It is cultivated almost all over the world, except for the United States.

Properties of Hemp Fibre

• It is a yellowish brown fibre

• Hemp fibers can be 3 to 15 feet long, running the length of the plant.

• Depending on the processing used to remove the fiber from the stem, the hemp naturally may be creamy white, brown, gray, black or green Harvesting of Hemp

Appearance -Hemp

Uses of Hemp Fibre

Hemp fabric

Hemp Necklace

Hemp toe sandal

MANILLA

• Manilla, also known as Manila Hemp, is a fibre obtained from the leaves of the abaca plant.

• Mainly cultivated in Manila, the capital of Philippines.

The abaca plant

Properties of Manilla Fibre

• The abaca plant grows up to 20 feet when mature.

• The stem consists of tightly packed, long, crescent-shaped sheaths, that grow from a central core.

Mature abaca plant

Manilla Hemp Yarn

Characteristics of Manilla fibre

Extremely strong. Resistant to salt water. Bio-degradable. Eco-friendly. Has a beautiful

texture. Relatively cheap to

produce.Manilla Rope

Uses of Manilla Fibre

• Manilla fibre is used to make

Ropes Paper Rug Furniture Carpet and countless

other products.

Manilla Rope

Manilla Bag

RAMIE

• Ramie is one of the oldest fibre crops, having been used for at least six thousand years.

• It is also known as china grass.

• Ramie is normally harvested two to three times a year but under good growing conditions, can be harvested up to six times per year.

• The ramie plant is 2.5m tall.Ramie Plant

Properties of Ramie

• Ramie fibre is one of the strongest natural fibres.

• The fibre is similar to flax in absorbency, density and microscopic appearance.

• Silky lustre to the fabric appearance.

• Usually blended with other fibres, as it is not that durable.

Ramie Yarn

Characteristics of Ramie

• Ramie fibre has the ability to hold shape.

• Resistance to wrinkling.

• It is stiff and brittle.• Lacks resiliency.• Low elasticity

Ramie Fabric

Uses of Ramie

• Ramie is used to make Industrial sewing

thread Packing materials Fishing nets Filter cloths

Ramie Packing

Ramie Hat

SISAL

• Sisal is obtained from the leaves of the Sisal Plant.

• Annually, thousands of tonnes of Sisal fibres are produced in most parts of Africa and Asia.

Sisal Plant

Properties of Sisal Fibre

• Sisal fibres are smooth, straight and yellow and can be long or short.

• Since it is coarse and inflexible, it is mainly blended with wool or acrylic to give a softer hand. Harvested Sisal

Characteristics of Sisal Fibre

• Sisal fibre is Strong Durable Ability to stretch Affinity towards

certain dyestuff Resistance to

deterioration in salt water Sisal Fibre

Uses of Sisal Fibre

• Sisal fibres are used to make

Rugs Slippers Ropes Carpets Specialty papers

Sisal Bag Sisal Scrub

Sisal Rug

KAPOK

• Kapok fiber is a silky cotton-like substance that surrounds the seeds in the pods of the ceiba tree.

• The pods contain seeds surrounded by a fluffy, yellowish fiber that is a mix of lignin and cellulose.

Kapok pod

Properties of Kapok Fibre

• It can support as much as 30 times its own weight in water and loses only 10 percent of buoyancy over a 30-day period.

• It is eight times lighter than cotton.

• The fibre is yellowish.

Kapok Pod (open)

Characteristics of Kapok Fibre

• The Kapok fibre is Light Very buoyant Highly flammable Resistant to water

Kapok Seed

Appearance-kapok

Kapok yarn spool

Uses of Kapok Fibre

• Kapok is mainly used in stuffing of

Pillows Blankets Soft toys Upholstery and for Insulation

Kapok used for Filling

Uses of Kapok Fibre

Upholstery Blanket

Pillow

Soft Toy

COIR• Fibre mechanically extracted

from dry mature coconut husk after soaking.

• It is long, hard and strong fibre but with lower softness, lower water absorption capacity, and shorter life than long retted fibre.

• There are two types of Coirs1) Brown Coir2) White Coir Coconut tree, Coconut and

Husk

Properties of Coir Fibre

• The individual fiber cells are narrow and hollow, with thick walls made of cellulose.

• They are pale when immature but later become hardened and yellowed as a layer of lignin is deposited on their walls.

Coir

Characteristics of Coir Fibre

• Coir Fibre is Relatively water proof Resistant to damage

by salt water Brown Coir is thick

and strong White Coir is

smoother and fine. Segregation of Coir Fibre

Appearance –coir

Uses of Coir Fibre

• Coir Fibre is used for Padding in furniture• Production of Brushes Carpets Ropes Rags

Coir Carpet

Coir Rope

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