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Minnesota Fish

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Fast Facts: 54 Native species of fish in Minnesota Lakes 100 more species not native or living in streams

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Fish Class Review Agnatha Jawless Fish MN Representative: Native Lamprey Chondricthyes Cartilage Skeleton No MN Representative Osteichthyes Boney Skeleton Everything else

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Native LampreyNative Lamprey vs. Sea LampreySea Lamprey Dorsal Fin Difference

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Walleye Stizostedion vitreum Largest member of the Perch family Spawn when water temp reaches 45-50 o F Feeds well when water temp is 55-70 o F Prefers waters that are clean, cool, and relatively deep. Must contain plenty of forage fish and a good supply of rubble and rock.

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Sauger Stizostedion canadense Smaller cousin to walleye; Found near Canadian Border State record 6lbs 3oz.

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Yellow Perch Yellow Perch Perca flavescences Prefer cool, clean lakes that have sand and gravel bottoms Average size take fishing = lbs.

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Perch Family Comparison Not heavily scaled on operculum No dark spots on dorsal fin Large, glossy eye WalleyeSaugerYellow Perch Heavily scaled operculum Spots on anterior dorsal fin Dark blotchy look to the body Pinkish belly Spines on the operculum Dorsal fin very spiny Dark green vertical bands on a light green- yellow background

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Northern Pike Esox lucious Max weight = 50 lbs, 4ft length (state = 45 lbs 12oz.) More fusiforme in structure Good predators that work in close range

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Muskie Esox masquinongy State record: 54 lbs. Spawns when water temp reaches 50-60 o F in shallow areas of rivers or streams Feeds best at 60-80 o F on fish, crayfish, large insects, shore birds, ducks and muskrats

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Pike Family Comparison White spots on a dark background Five or fewer pores on underside of jaw Operculum not scaled on the bottom portion Rounded caudal fin Dark spots on light background Six or more pores on each side of under jaw Head entirely scaled Pointed caudal fin Largest member of family Northern PikeMuskellunge

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Pike Family Comparison Northern PikeMuskellunge Dark markings on a light background (as on a Muskie) Rounded caudal fin (as on Northern) Eggs + Milt Tiger Muskie

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Crappie A species of pan fish due to their shape. Spawn early in summer in deeper waters. Males guard the nest in waters above 58 o F. Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Habitat: Quiet waters with plenty of vegetation State record = 5 lbs. White Crappie Pomoxis annularis Habitat: Water that is more open and less vegetative State record = 3lbs. 4 oz.

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Crappie Family Comparison Dark body with silver lower portion on sides 7-8 spines on the dorsal fin Silvery color with dark spots 5-6 spines on the dorsal fin Black Crappie White Crappie

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Smallmouth Bass - Micopterus dolomieui State record = 8lbs. Deeper, cooler waters than other bass. Rocky, sandy, gravel or boulder bottoms. Will be down to depths of about 30 ft. Spawn when water temps reach 60-70 o F Feeds at the same water temp (bait fish, insects/larvae, crayfish).

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Largemouth Bass Micopterus salmoides State Record = 8lbs. 13oz. Likes shallow warm waters that are sandy/muddy. Likes sparse vegetation. Spawns when temps are about 62 o F Feeds when temps are between 65-73 o F (crayfish, small bait fish, worms, frogs and insects).

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Bass Family Comparison Smallmouth BassLargemouth Bass Brownish or bronze with vertical olive colored bars Closed mouth reaches to front of eye No vertical bars Closed mouth extends to back of eye

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Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis State record = 6lbs. 5oz. Found in clear, cold streams and rivers that have a max temp around 66 o F. (Indicator species)

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Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush State record = 43lbs. 8oz. Likes deep, cold lakes (100 ft. or more) Eats many different bait fish but prefer Ciscoes.

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Big Fish!

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Brown Trout Salmo trutta State record 16lbs. 12oz. Spawns in the fall when temps are near 57 o F Feeds on insects, mollusks and other fish.

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Trout Family Comparison Red spots with blue halos Lower fins have white leading edge with black and orange Dark background with white spots Deeply forked tail White leading edge of lower fins Yellow/Brown/Silver with dark spots Lower fins have white or pale yellow look Brook TroutLake Trout Brown Trout

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SAH-WEET FISH ADAPTATIONS! 1.LungfishLungfish 2.Archer FishArcher Fish 3.HagfishHagfish

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