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Minkyu Lee 2008. 08. 11 ISI Lab, ICU Slide 2 Agenda Introduction A Scenario Location System Context-Aware System Service Discovery Dynamic Adaptation Rapid Prototyping Discussion Slide 3 Introduction (1/2) Evolution of Computing Environment Many persons, One computer Fewer persons per computer One person per computer One person, few computer People, appliances, locally, remotely, fixed, mobile, wired, wireless One person, Many computers!! Slide 4 Introduction (2/2) Ubiquitous Computing Vision The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it Mark Weiser From Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges by Satyanarayanan, M. Slide 5 A Scenario (1/1) Presentation Scenario 1. Tom enters a meeting room to give a presentation 2. Tom starts a presentation when all audiences are attended. 3. A projector is automatically connected to Toms notebook and the lights in the room are turned-off 4. Slides are shown in the screen Presentation Scenario 1. Tom enters a meeting room to give a presentation 2. Tom starts a presentation when all audiences are attended. 3. A projector is automatically connected to Toms notebook and the lights in the room are turned-off 4. Slides are shown in the screen Systems Scenario 1. Location Sensing System senses Toms location tag System determines Tom is in meeting Room 2. Context-Aware System determines Presentation is going on from multiple sensors 3. Service Discovery (Interaction) Application in Toms notebook searches a proper projector device Light Service is invoked (turn-off) 4. Dynamic Adaptation Presentation app. couldnt find any services for slide streaming So, convert the slide file into PDF file and show the file with a PDF viewer Systems Scenario 1. Location Sensing System senses Toms location tag System determines Tom is in meeting Room 2. Context-Aware System determines Presentation is going on from multiple sensors 3. Service Discovery (Interaction) Application in Toms notebook searches a proper projector device Light Service is invoked (turn-off) 4. Dynamic Adaptation Presentation app. couldnt find any services for slide streaming So, convert the slide file into PDF file and show the file with a PDF viewer Slide 6 Location System (1/6) Presentation Scenario 1. Tom enters a meeting room to give a presentation 2. Tom starts a presentation when all audiences are attended. 3. A projector is automatically connected to Toms notebook and the lights in the room are turned-off 4. Slides are shown in the screen Presentation Scenario 1. Tom enters a meeting room to give a presentation 2. Tom starts a presentation when all audiences are attended. 3. A projector is automatically connected to Toms notebook and the lights in the room are turned-off 4. Slides are shown in the screen Systems Scenario 1. Location Sensing System senses Toms location tag System determines Tom is in meeting Room 2. Context-Aware System determines Presentation is going on from multiple sensors 3. Service Discovery (Interaction) Application in Toms notebook searches a proper projector device Light Service is invoked (turn-off) 4. Dynamic Adaptation Presentation app. couldnt find any services for slide streaming So, convert the slide file into PDF file and show the file with a PDF viewer Systems Scenario 1. Location Sensing System senses Toms location tag System determines Tom is in meeting Room 2. Context-Aware System determines Presentation is going on from multiple sensors 3. Service Discovery (Interaction) Application in Toms notebook searches a proper projector device Light Service is invoked (turn-off) 4. Dynamic Adaptation Presentation app. couldnt find any services for slide streaming So, convert the slide file into PDF file and show the file with a PDF viewer Slide 7 Location System (2/6) Contents Location Sensing Technologies Location Middleware Architecture Slide 8 Location System (3/6) Location Sensing Technologies Outdoor Navigation (GPS) Indoor (tag-based) Active Badge (Infrared ) Active Bat (Ultrasonic) UbiSense (UWB) Navigation (GPS) Active Bat (Ultrasonic) Active Badge (Infrared) UbiSense (UWB) Slide 9 Location System (4/6) Location Sensing Technology Indoor (Other approaches) Smart Floor (Pressure Sensor) SpotOn (Active RFID) Tag-Grid (Passive RFID) RFID (product tracking) Tag-Grid (Passive RFID) Smart Floor (Pressure)SpotOn (Active RFID)RFID Slide 10 Location System (5/6) Location Sensing Technologies Categorization by Approach Triangulation GPS, Infrared, Ultrasonic, UWB, Active RFID, Proximity Passive RFID, Pressure, Motion Sensor, IR-Distance, Scene analysis Camera + Projection, Activity analysis Accelerometer, wearable sensors, TrackSense (Projector + Camera) Accelerometer-Based Slide 11 Location System (6/6) Location Middleware Architecture Architecture of MiddleWhere (UIUC) Slide 12 Context-Aware System (1/6) Presentation Scenario 1. Tom enters a meeting room to give a presentation 2. Tom starts a presentation when all audiences are attended. 3. A projector is automatically connected to Toms notebook and the lights in the room are turned-off 4. Slides are shown in the screen Presentation Scenario 1. Tom enters a meeting room to give a presentation 2. Tom starts a presentation when all audiences are attended. 3. A projector is automatically connected to Toms notebook and the lights in the room are turned-off 4. Slides are shown in the screen Systems Scenario 1. Location Sensing System senses Toms location tag System determines Tom is in meeting Room 2. Context-Aware System determines Presentation is going on from multiple sensors 3. Service Discovery (Interaction) Application in Toms notebook searches a proper projector device Light Service is invoked (turn-off) 4. Dynamic Adaptation Presentation app. couldnt find any services for slide streaming So, convert the slide file into PDF file and show the file with a PDF viewer Systems Scenario 1. Location Sensing System senses Toms location tag System determines Tom is in meeting Room 2. Context-Aware System determines Presentation is going on from multiple sensors 3. Service Discovery (Interaction) Application in Toms notebook searches a proper projector device Light Service is invoked (turn-off) 4. Dynamic Adaptation Presentation app. couldnt find any services for slide streaming So, convert the slide file into PDF file and show the file with a PDF viewer Slide 13 Context-Aware System (2/6) Contents Context Sensing Context Modeling Context Reasoning Middleware Architecture Slide 14 Context-Aware System (3/6) Context Sensing Physical sensors Virtual (Logical) sensors Context data from software, applications Temperature Sensor Motion Sensor Light Sensor Humidity Sensor Touch Sensor Slide 15 Context-Aware System (4/6) Context Modeling Key-Value Model Markup Scheme Model XML/RDF Graphical Model UML Object-Oriented Model Hydrogen Logic-Based Model First-order logic Ontology-Based Model OWL DAML+OIL Ontology-Based Model Logic-Based Model Slide 16 Context-Aware System (5/6) Context Reasoning Conditional expression (e.g., ECA, ) Logical inference (e.g. First-order logic, ) Probabilistic machine-learning (e.g. Markov Chain, ) Context reasoning by probabilistic machine-learning (5 situations from 8 sensors) Slide 17 Context-Aware System (6/6) Context Management Door Sensor Bed Sensor Context Base Inference Engine Light Control Light Open/ClosedOn/Empty Context Widget On/Off/Brightness Context Interpreter Context Aggregator Sleep(Park, Bedroom)