Ministry pulls all stops to reduce flood risk City News - February 20, 2007 Jakarta Post The...
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Transcript of Ministry pulls all stops to reduce flood risk City News - February 20, 2007 Jakarta Post The...
Ministry pulls all stops to reduce flood risk City News - February 20, 2007 Jakarta PostThe government has renewed its commitment to expediting the construction of
the East Flood Canal and the reforestation of upland areas south of Jakarta. State Minister for the Environment Rachmat Witoelar said the deadline for the completion of the East Flood Canal would be pushed forward to 2008 from 2010. "The government has committed to completing it within 18 months. We also embarked on a massive tree-planting program in Puncak today (Monday)," Rachmat told House of Representatives Commission VII for environmental affairs. He said the government would grant an additional Rp 500 billion in budgetary funds to settle the problem of land acquisition for the project. Only a 7.6-kilometer stretch of the 23.5 km canal has been finished.
Sonny Keraf of the Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) urged the ministry to be more proactive in resolving environmental issues related to floods or droughts. "The ministry must not be afraid to press the administrations that are violating their own spatial planning regulations. The ministry must also work on a long-term solution to the flood problem," said Sonny, a former minister for the environment. He said Jakarta was overpopulated and immediate action was needed to stop the conversion of green spaces for commercial purposes.
1973
2005
Most changes in 1st decade
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Are
a (
km
2) Settlement
Non-vegetationNon-tree basedTree-basedForest
1990's 20051970's 1980's
Land cover trajectory
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0-100 250-500 750-1000 1250-15001750-2000 m
Per
cen
tag
e Most changes in lowlands
Elevation
Three types of knowledge on Watershed function :
Local ecological knowledge
Hydrologists’ecologicalknowledge
Public/Policyecologicalknowledge
Impacts of HKM Sumber jaya• increased land tenure security, • double local land value, • reduced corruption, • increased income (about 30%, mostly due to
reduction of bribes) • increased equity (relative to the in-village
resources farmers have), • promoted tree planting/agroforestry, • promoted soil and water conservation, and • gave farmers good reasons to protect remaining
natural forest.
Source: BASIS (Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems) project – a collaboration research between ICRAF, MSU (Michigan State University) and IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)
India
Papua NewGuinea
India China
Burma
Thailand
VietnamLaos
Cambodia
Malaysia
Indonesia
Philippines
Taiwan
Precipitation = P
Evapotranspiration = ERiver flow = Q
Qquick Qslow Eveg Esoil EintercEirr
infiltration
interception
Esoil + Eveg
Einterc
Qslow
Qquick
Energy-limited Epotential
Signal modification along river
precipitation
1. Transmit water
2. Buffer peak rain events
3. Release gradually
4. Maintain quality
5. Reduce mass wasting
• Q/P=1-(E/P) QabAvg/PabAvg
• Qslow/P = (Pinf – ES+V)/P
• Qualout/Qualin
risk
Scaledependent
A tale of two rivers
Enhanced diagnosis
LEK validation
Science at negotia-tion tables
Better-informed decisions
Adaptive policies
Inputs
for process-based models:
Vegetation cover/phenology
Rainfall, ETpot
Topography
Soils
Outputs
for process-based models:
Waterbalance: E & Q components
Hydrograph: peak & baseflows
Yields/productivity
Watershed function indicators
Outputs .
for land degradation/suitability analysis:
Degradation status,
Critical thresholds,
Spatial prioritization of rehabilitation interventions
Inputs
for pattern analysis:
Remote sensing imagery
Ground sampling protocols
Laboratory data (spectral + ‘functional’)
Land use patterns & socio-econ. drivers
Plot-level: WaNuLCAS
Landscape-level: SWAT,GenRiver, FALLOW, IAHCRES,
Issues on ‘sustainable land management’
Landscape stratification, toposequences, long term dynamics, geomorphology etc.
Tradeoff & scenarioanalysis
Key parameters for functional soil & land cover processes,
Quantitative performance
indicators
GIS tools
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Rainfall, mm day-1
Riv
er
flo
w, m
m d
ay
-1
1975-19811982-19881990-19981st quarter2nd quarter3rd quarter4th quarter
Way Besai
Mae Chaem
Wettest month in Mae Chaem is
approaching Way Besai
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
River today
Riv
er y
este
rday
19751985
1995
Flow persistence 0.75
Way Besay, Sumberjaya
runoff, latflow filter
Sub-catchment
level model
Catchment / river model
SoilQ change over time
Ricefields as filters
Shade trees, coffee, filter strips
Spatial Correlation Rainfall
Roads and paths
?
Wanulcas
prices for inputs & outputs
Lan
d co
ver
chan
ge:
patt
ern
& ti
me
cou
rse
water quality,quantity & timing
Profitability
III III
WaNuLCAS model
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 4
Layer 3
Lateral inflows
Vertical drainage
Lateral outflows
Sumber Jaya: Forest earth-worms (Meta-phire spp.) versus ‘invasive exotic’ (Ponto-scolex spp.) in coffee gardens
2005/6 BASIS CRSP impact study
Sustainable land use
Agroforestry
Hydrological Functions
Watershed management
‘Protec-tive
garden’
Trees, Soil,
Drainage
Stakehol-der nego-
tiation
Criteria & Indicators
Impacts of HKM Sumber jaya• increased land tenure security, • double local land value, • reduced corruption, • increased income (about 30%, mostly due to
reduction of bribes) • increased equity (relative to the in-village
resources farmers have), • promoted tree planting/agroforestry, • promoted soil and water conservation, and • gave farmers good reasons to protect remaining
natural forest.
Source: BASIS (Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems) project – a collaboration research between ICRAF, MSU (Michigan State University) and IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)