Mining Phenomenon of Agate Gemstone to Change of Environment ...

Mining Phenomenon of Agate Gemstone to Change

of Environment, Social and Economic

at Southeast Sulawesi Province

WEKA WIDAYATI1, IDA USMAN1, MULIDDIN2, FIRDAUS3, IRFAN IDO1, WEKA

GUSMIARTY ABDULLAH4

1Departement of Geography – Faculty of and Earth Science Technology

Universitas Halu Oleo Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu, Kendari 93232

INDONESIA [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

2Departement of Technic Geology - Faculty of Earth Science and Technology


INDONESIA [email protected]

3Mining Engineering Departement of Technic Mining- Faculty of Earth Science and Technology


INDONESIA [email protected]

4Departement of Agribusines –Faculty of Agriculture


[email protected]

Abstract: - This research aim to analyse agate games tone potency in various region of South-East Sulawesi

Province and change of environmental and social-economic and resulted by mining of agate gemstone. This

research was conducted in four region of South-East Sulawesi Province, that is: North Buton, Bombana, South

Konawe, and North Konawe. Data was collected through of various seconder data, result of research which is

relevant this mater, field observation and interview with key informant. Data was analyzed with qualitative

method and description of cause and effect between mining phenomenon. Result of research indicate that agate

gemstone potency in South-East Sulawesi Province is over spread. The region have unique gemstone, various

of color and pattern, which is on its base formed by focil wood is krisokola, pursuant to its hardness of apatite

classification and ortoklas, type of weighing mineral is under diamond. Color is influenced by content of

nickel, pirit, gold, iron and copper. Income of society to be increasing followed by alternative living. Changing

of society perception about agate gemstone from mystical to accessories value and prestige its owner. Mining

of gemstone resulting land conversion, opening of forest and decreasing of the water source for agriculture and

other activity. So that need the adjacent, regulation of government and supported by research of geophysics,

geology and geography and also capable mining technique to realize sustainable environment.

Key-Words: mining, gemstone, agate, environment change, social, economic

Advances in Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

ISBN: 978-1-61804-314-6 352

1 Introduction

Indonesia has natural resources which amaze.

Located in Ring Fire of", Indonesia islands become

the source of various valuable mineral. Gemstones

become valuable mineral able to be found.

Gemstone = Stone Jewel = valuable stone. Each;

Every rock stone type, mineral , and other natural

raw material which after processed or processed to

have the beauty and adequate resilience to be

wearied as ornament goods [1,11,13]. Unequal

gemstone of stone with Precious (gemstone jewel

stone) like emerald delima-safir intan-mirah. It is

of course gemstone in Indonesia not yet all data,

even hither to Indonesia not yet been mapped of

gemstone on world. Though a lot of gemstone in

Indonesia have special and good quality.

South-East Sulawesi Province represents one of

the regions in Indonesia which is yielding

immeasurable gemstone, unique and qualified. This

last some years, invention phenomenon and mining

of gemstone which more knowledgeable with agate

is booming, to be conducted and become trend in all

society. Agate Gemstone represent natural resources

which cannot renewable so that intake of nature ever

require consideration to realize sustainable

environment.

Consideration of limitation and requirement of

society so that gemstone phenomenon need study of

potency, and also change of environment, social and

economic.

This research aim to: ( 1) analyzing agate gemstone

potency in region various of South-East Sulawesi

Province, ( 2) analyzing change of environmental

and socio-economic as influence of gemstone

mining phenomenon.

2. Problem Formulation

Location of this research in four region of South-East Sulawesi province, that is: North Buton,

Bombana, South Konawe, and North Konawe. Data

was collected through of various sekunder data,

result of research which is relevant this mater, field

observation and interview with key informan. Data

analysed with qualitative method and description of

cause and effect between mining phenomenons.

3. Problem Solution

3.1 Potency of Agate Gemstone in South-East

Sulawesi Province Gemstone which identified in South-East Sulawesi

spread over in region, that is: North Buton,

Bombana, South Konawe, and North Konawe. The

type, hardness, colour and quality are variously and

each owning the special character.

Agate gemstone from North Buton has variously

typical. Not merely its motif facet, but also

obstetrical facet, agate gemstone of North Buton

containing many pirit ( iron mineral mixture and

brimstone) so that price sell him bounce up. Agate

gemstone many get it in the mountain and river.

Agate type of silver badar found in Ereke-North

Buton. Type and density of agate gemstone rate 6-8

scale of most, coming near strength of diamond

(10). Besides agate gemstone, found other

specification also from wood fossil of krisokola

identified from ebony which old age 65 million

year. Because metamorphosis that happened have at

full so that light can penetrate.

Result of form identify and color, that wood fossil

represent or ebony[15]. One of the agate gemstone enthused by consumer

is agate gemstone from Kabaena-Bombana, among

others type of Giok, Turquoise, Diesel fuel and

Moss. The range Price from Rp.300.000,- till tens of

million after sharpened by worker. Agate gemstone

which not yet been sharpened, its price reach

Picture 1. Gemstone Swampy of Location based on

Type Stone in Indonesia.

Picture 2. Gamstone from Kabaena- Bombana


ISBN: 978-1-61804-314-6 353

Rp.500.000,- till Rp. 5 million per kg depend on

gemstone type.

Gemstone in Bombana area, precisely in

Pongkalaero and Batuawu-Kabaena area formed at

final phase a coagulation of magma which in basa

character, happened because process refrigeration of

magma which sudden so that the no time

crystalizing (crystallization) yield amorf tekstur.

Mains of rock generally represent rock from

substratum great chalk era. Gemstone color depends

on mains rock as its pollutant. Mains rock wich is

composing of serpentinit, gabro or dunit will yield

green chromatic stone until brass colour. Mains

rock wich is composing of iron will yield yellow

until brown, if composing of nickel will yield grey-

purple [1,11,13]. Most location gemstone in

Pongkalaero and Batuawu area. Pangkalaero can be

reached by using boat ( katinting) fringe the coast to

south about 45 minute, continued by walking trace

of Wawua riverto up at river pate about 4 km. That

location has many deposited of gemstone. Location

of Batuawu also can be reached to use boat with

distance about 45 minute, fringe coast to north,

continued walked about1,5 km fringe the dry river /

path wild. Location of Gemstone area is Region

Contract of PT. INCO. The Location is generally

growed by bush forest vegetation.

The Gemstone in Bombana has verities color, for

example green, yellow, black, white, sorrel, purple,

amorf.

Fraction of gemstone generally konkoidal, often

get it cavity contain of quartz crystallite, gleam

glass peel, most is compact. The gemstone naturally

there are as "rock bed" at dry river or path wild.

Partly of gemstone there are in the hill which is

closed by soil.

3.2 Gemstone exploitation in South-East

Sulawesi Province

Intake of local people version is general conducted by paring the cover of land or ground by using simple appliance, more than cover of vegetation is bush forest.

Picture 3. Gemstone from South Konawe

Picture 6. Gemestone from Bombana

Picture 4 . Gemstone from North Buton

Picture 5. Gemstone from North Konawe


ISBN: 978-1-61804-314-6 354

Because its pattern (mode of occurrence)

gemstone resource is spread over so it cannot use

formula calculation of standard reserve (thick,

estimation percentage, and mean area.

3.3 Change of environmental condition,

social and economic Damage of environment possible happened because

agate most there are in the land or ground so the

worker cope to unload top soil until deepness 20 m.

More than anything else if crowded market

progressively and more its enthusiast, hence very

open possibility of environment damage. The crisis

which result is quality of environment to be

decreasing. Besides that, the land of agriculture its

around mining of agate also will annoyed. It is not

impossible the agriculture change function if people

think more beneficial become mineworker of agate

compared to become farmer. Erosion and

sedimentation which is flange to river of course to

increase and the happening of mineworker conflict

because struggling of land. Phenomenon of agate

gemstone will be positive impact in some cases.

At least to this creative economics give

advantage because the people economics can make

a move up at which are positive. The making of

agate assigning have glowed at many area to

become centers of value economics. The people

economic and tourism industry become to expand.

..

Price of raw material: Rp. 1.000 bh/ kg

Traditional (40 bh/kg): Rp. 40.000,- machine

standard (150 bh/ kg): Rp. 150.000,- (the price

depend on quality and design product). The

workers get added value more than income is Rp.

40.

Picture 7. Mining of Gemstone by People

Picture 8 . Worker of Agate Gemstone

Picture 9. Agate Gemstone from South-East Sulawesi


ISBN: 978-1-61804-314-6 355

Tables 1. Phenomenon Mining of Agate Gemstone

To Change of Environment Social, and

Economic Past Now

Environment relative

awake • Farm forest conversion

and agriculture,

• erosion, sedimentation • loss of forest

vegetation

• Decreasing of it source of water

Economic Farmer,

Labor • Partly increase and

change over to

mineworker

• Earnings mount • Creative economics

expand "

• Improving earnings of area

Social Gemstone

(agate)

mystical

valuable

• "Agate gemstone as accessories,

• esthetics • prestige owner of agate

gemstone

Agate phenomenon has change the way of people

about agate. Before that, agate gemstone have

magical and mystical value which trusted by people

can improve portion, couple, health, luck and others.

But now, the agate gemstone to become esthetics

value, fashion, and prestige for people in South-East

Sulawesi (including servant public and high

functionary) 3.4 The Mining Solution of Agate Gemstone

to Sustainable environment Besides economic benefit along the increasing of

people enthusiasm to agate gemstone, people

require to give information about impact effect of

mass dig. More than anything the natural gemstone

represent natural resource which is not deflect to be

renewed [4,9,10].

Mining activity by people often did not consider

of safety and disregard impact to environment.

Though dig of rock at certain deepness of diffraction

influence to land or ground contour. As a result, the

land or ground easy downhill of soil when rain or if

happened earthquake [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].

The Dig leaves over holes because farm left off

hand. Inexistence process cure of farm of pasca

mine that menace preservation natural and safety of

people citizen. Dig with certain pattern in land or

ground make gristle area slide to extend. The

worker must be dig in deepness 16-20 meter to get

3kg natural rock [12, 14, 16]. Though, the people

often collect natural rock tens of kg to be sold.

During the time there is no required time depth

study till potency slide diffraction happened. For

that need there is research in area mine to know

strength of natural rock in sustaining land or ground.

If exploited is abundant, particularly vulnerable

happened to erosive.

4 Conclusion

− Agate gemstone potency with various of

color, type, and quality very copious in South-

East Sulawesi region, with mining of people

use simple appliance

− Prospect interposing of processing of agate

gemstone can improve earnings of people,

creative economic, and earnings of local

government

− Assess information people to agate gemstone

shift up its owner prestige and esthetics

− Exploiting effort and mining of natural rock

require to be supported by law and national

considering saving of environment and

without disregarding importance of people,

economics and social.

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ISBN: 978-1-61804-314-6 357

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