Minimum Standards for Professional Acupuncture...

College & Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta

Minimum Standards for

Professional Acupuncture Education

Standards, Requirements and Guidelines

for Acupuncture Programs in Alberta

Date Approved: XXX

Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 4

1. Background ..................................................................................................... 4

2. Scope and Limitations ..................................................................................... 4

I. STANDARDS RELATED TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS AN

ACUPUNCTURE PROGRAM ................................................................................ 6

1. Intention and Statement of Purpose ................................................................ 6

2. Legal Organization and Program Management .............................................. 6

3. Resources and Accounting Administered by the Director of the Private

Vocational Training Act ......................................................................................... 7

4. Publications and Advertising .......................................................................... 7

II. STANDARDS RELATED TO ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ............... 9

III. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM OF STUDY ........................ 10

1. Program length .............................................................................................. 10

2. Core curriculum ............................................................................................ 11

3. Syllabi ........................................................................................................... 14

4. Clinical observation and supervised clinical practice ................................... 14

5. Off-campus clinical training ......................................................................... 17

6. Faculty and clinical supervisors .................................................................... 17

7. Evaluation of student progress and achievement .......................................... 18

IV. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION ....... 19

1. Chief administrator ....................................................................................... 19

2. Records ......................................................................................................... 19

3. Faculty and course evaluation ....................................................................... 20

4. Student services and activities ...................................................................... 20

5. Student grievances ........................................................................................ 20


6. Transfer of credit ........................................................................................... 21

7. Communication ............................................................................................. 21

V. STANDARDS RELATED TO PHYSICAL SPACE, FACILITIES,

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES ................................. 21

1. Physical space, facilities and equipment ....................................................... 21

2. Teaching clinic .............................................................................................. 22

3. Library and other learning resources ............................................................ 22

VI. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 23

Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 26

Appendix 1: Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and

Wellness, April 2005 ................................................................................................... 26

Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada (May 2010) ............................................. 27

Appendix 3: National and International Acupuncture Education: Program

Duration (basic comparison) ...................................................................................... 38

Appendix 4: Program duration of other health professions in Alberta ................. 39

Appendix 5 – Common Diseases ................................................................................ 41

Appendix 6 – Common Drugs .................................................................................... 43

Appendix 7 – TCM Herbs list .................................................................................... 45

Appendix 8 –TCM Herbal Formula list – 172 Total ............................................... 54

Appendix 9 – Recommended References for Alberta Acupuncture Registration

Exam ............................................................................................................................. 62


INTRODUCTION

1. Background

The profession of acupuncturists has been regulated in Alberta since 1988 under the

Health Disciplines Act and the Acupuncture Regulation. It used to be governed by the

Acupuncture Committee under the Health Disciplines Board. The College and

Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta (the CAAA) was appointed by the Minister of

Health to regulate the profession of acupuncturists effective January 1, 2011.

The mandate of the CAAA is to regulate the profession in the public interest by setting

high standards of practice, competency, education and ethical conduct. Education is the

foundation of any health profession. Public access to safe, competent and ethical

treatments depends, to a great extent, on the quality of education that acupuncturists have

received.

The primary purpose of this is to establish minimum standards in the essential areas of

acupuncture education so that acupuncture educational programs can successfully deliver

the competencies required in the Standards of Competency and Practice (appendix 1), as

well as the Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional

Chinese Medicine in Canada (appendix 2).

Many experts have been involved in developing the Minimum Standards for Acupuncture

Education. Their contribution to the profession is sincerely appreciated.

2. Scope and Limitations

Standards adopted by current approved acupuncture programs in Alberta and those of

reputable programs in other jurisdictions were referenced in developing Minimum

Standards for Professional Acupuncture Education. The proposed minimum standards

address five major areas:

a. standards related to an organization that offers an acupuncture program;

b. standards related to admission requirements;

c. standards related to the program of study;

d. standards related to program administration; and

e. standards related to physical space, facilities and equipment and other learning

resources.

The Alberta Standards of Competency and Practice in Alberta require “Acupuncturists

have knowledge of…basic Chinese herbology to determine how herbs complement health

and disease and interact with acupuncture treatment.” (2005)

To facilitate future national consistency and labour mobility CAAA recommends all

programs use the standards outlined in the Pan Canadian Exam (or equivalent) Blueprint


and Performance Indicators for Entry Level Competencies documents (2015). These

documents include as appendices the defined minimum standards for TCM herbology

examination in other Canadian jurisdictions. By ensuring their programs cover at

minimum this material, it helps the student make an informed choice and facilitates

movement of students between programs and ultimately benefits a student by potentially

allowing them to qualify to write these examinations if they which they may wish.


I. STANDARDS RELATED TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS AN

ACUPUNCTURE PROGRAM

Educational institutions must meet the following criteria to ensure students

receive quality education in a safe and optimal learning environment.

1. Intention and Statement of Purpose

a. The educational institution must have a clear statement of purpose,

mission statement, or set of program objectives that indicate the intention

to effectively train their students to become highly educated,

knowledgeable, skillful and ethical professionals.

b. The program must reflect the philosophy and core values of the profession

as defined by the College and Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta.

c. These notions should appear in the mission statement of the program and

should be reflected throughout its entire organization, administration and

operation.

d. The educational institution must have a system in place to regularly assess

that the objectives mentioned in the mission statement or statements of

purpose are satisfactorily met.

2. Legal Organization and Program Management

a. The educational institution must be legally organized and authorized to

conduct its operation in Alberta. In the case of private educational

institutions in Alberta, they need licensing under the Private Vocational

Training Act. Public educational institutions like universities, require

accreditation through the Ministry of Advanced Education of Alberta.

b. The acupuncture program must be managed by competent directors, a

chief executive officer, a program chair and/or president who are

ultimately responsible for the delivery of the acupuncture program. A

governance structure must be in place to ensure effective control over the

program’s affairs with a clear description of the responsibilities of all

administrators involved.

c. The acupuncture program must seek advice and guidance from

stakeholders in the profession. This can be achieved through the

establishment of an advisory committee or a process of consultation with

stakeholders with an advisory capacity.

d. Administrative staff must ensure accurate records management, systematic

and secure filing and maintenance of: student records, patient records at

the teaching clinic, minutes of student meetings, faculty meetings,

advisory committee meetings and management meetings. They also


administer program policies, student and faculty evaluations and other

administrative documents.

e. The administrative staff should also be able to provide and organize

teaching schedules, academic year calendars and all other publications

related to the acupuncture program.

3. Resources and Accounting

Administered by the Director of the Private Vocational Training Act

a. The educational institution must have adequate financial, human,

educational and clinical resources to support the acupuncture program.

b. The program must have sufficient funding to guarantee that students will

be able to complete the entire program and resources will remain in place

for all staff, faculty and students.

c. Evidence of adequate financial resources can be presented through a

detailed business plan and regular, audited financial statements.

4. Publications and Advertising

Publications, advertisement and recruitment activities and materials not only

affect students’ decisions to enrol in an acupuncture program but also provide

the public with an accurate notion of the scope and status of the profession of

acupuncturists among other health professions.

a) All publications, including those used for advertising and recruitment

purposes must be professional, truthful and accurate.

b) The educational institute must provide to the public, at least the following

information:

o mission statement

o statement of purpose or educational objectives

o clear and detailed admission requirements

o curriculum

o academic year calendar and course schedule with key dates for

applications, withdrawals

o fees, tuition and other costs for enrolment in the program

o a list of administrators and faculty of the program

o conduct and attendance policies such as in the Student Handbook

o a non-discrimination policy

o and, the approval status

c) All information in publications and advertising must be clear and accurate

and must not be deceptive, unfair or misleading.

d) The institution must not give an exaggerated impression of their services,

curriculum or opportunities for its graduates.


e) Acupuncture programs should not make invalid or unverifiable claims of

being superior to competing institutions.

f) Acupuncture programs must keep versioned editions of all documents and

the dates they were effective.


II. STANDARDS RELATED TO ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

Acupuncture is a medical system based on the holistic principles of traditional

Chinese medicine. It has its own theoretical foundation, diagnosis, treatment

principles and treatment methods, standards of competency and standards of

practice. Acupuncture education is academically challenging and requires

sufficient hands-on clinical practicum. For students, it is a huge commitment in

terms of finance and time to enroll in an acupuncture program.

The primary purpose of admission requirements is to ensure prospective students

possess potential aptitude, interest and study skills required to complete the

acupuncture training program successfully. Admission standards should reflect

that only those applicants who can achieve the educational objectives of the

program be accepted into the program.

Completion of an approved acupuncture program does not guarantee successful

challenge of a registration examination or registration with CAAA or other

acupuncture/TCM regulatory body.

The prerequisite for admission to acupuncture program should be at minimum:

a) Successful completion of at least two (2) academic years of post-

secondary education at the baccalaureate level from an institution

recognized by the CAAA Council; or

b) Successful completion of at least one (1) academic year of post-secondary

education in health science at the baccalaureate level from an institution

recognized by the CAAA Council; or

c) High school graduates with a minimum overall average of 75 percent, with

no course grade lower than 70 percent in English Language Art 30 and 80

percent in one of the three basic science courses: Biology 30, Chemistry

30 or Science 30.

Additional admission requirements:

d) English Language Proficiency. Not withstanding a, b or c above, for those

applicants whose first language is not English, they must prove their

language proficiency through one of the following tests:

o Paper-based TOEFL (PBT) score of 550 out of a range of 310 -

677; or

o Internet-based TOEFL (IBT) score of 80 out of a range 0 – 120; or

o IELTS (Academic) no score below benchmark 5 in any section.

e) If a translation service is used, all original documents (or certified copy

thereof) must accompany the translation.


f) A clear Criminal Record check within the previous 12 months and

Vulnerable Sector Information Check, including no open youth record,

issued within three months of the start of the program intake.

g) The educational institution may assess and accept credits from students

who transfer from another approved acupuncture program. However, at

least one (1) academic year must be completed in the program that grants

the certificate, diploma or degree. A maximum of 50 percent of courses

may be transferred from any other institution(s).

III. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM OF STUDY

The professional program in acupuncture is responsible to design its own

curriculum and for successful delivery of its curriculum. The structure and content

of the curriculum must ensure that competencies required in the Standards of

Competency and Practice, and the Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the

Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada are adequately covered. The

delivery of its curriculum shall lead competent students to achieve the

professional competencies of an independent acupuncture practitioner.

This document defines the requirements that programs must contain to adequately

prepare students to challenge the entry level exams. As exams evolve over time so

to will the minimum standards required to enter the practice. Students must realize

that how the basic curriculum is delivered varies between institutions and they

must choose the program and delivery that suits their specific needs. Standards

related to program of study will focus on such areas as program duration, core

curriculum, clinical practice, faculty qualifications, and off-campus training.

1. Program length

The minimum length of the professional acupuncture curriculum must be at least

three (3) full academic years, which is approximately 27 calendar months, 90

instructional weeks, six (6) semesters or nine (9) trimesters. The total number of

hours must not be less than 2,800 hours which consists of direct, interactive

instruction and clinical component of at least 500 hours. The maximum time

frame to complete an acupuncture program shall be not more than six (6) calendar

years.

The Council of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Association (U.S)1 has

established that minimum standards of training for full Acupuncture and Oriental

Medicine programs should be 3,200 hours following 500 hours of college level

1 Standards for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Council of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine Association (CAOMA) http://sonic.net/~brianf/caoma/aom_standards.htm

http://sonic.net/~brianf/caoma/aom_standards.htm


training in basic science.2 Typical training programs for acupuncturists and

doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine (D.TCM) are three (3) or four (4) years

in duration, comprising of 2,500 to 3,500 hours of structured time with direct,

interactive contact between students and faculty or supervisors.

Appendix 3 shows the duration of acupuncture education in other jurisdictions

around the world.

Appendix 4 shows the duration of educational programs of other health

professions in Alberta.

2. Core curriculum

Generally, the structure and content of the curriculum must lead students to

achieve the professional competencies of an independent acupuncturist as listed in

the Standards of Competency and Practice, and the Entry-level Occupational

Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada.

Areas to be covered in the curriculum include the following:

a. Biomedical Clinical Sciences

An acupuncture program curriculum must include courses that teach students the

following concepts of biomedical clinical sciences:

Terms and concepts of biomedicine

Human anatomy, surface anatomy, physiology and pathology

Basic biochemistry and cellular metabolism

Control systems of the body involved in homeostasis and dysfunction and

immunity

Basic interpretation of laboratory and diagnostic tests and procedures and how

they relate to the common diseases listed in Appendix 5

Identification of conditions that require urgent medical treatment and

immediate referral for medical and paramedical services

Infectious diseases and infection control procedures

Dysfunction and classification of common diseases in Appendix 5

Relate Biomedical to TCM concepts

Basic biomedical pharmacology in Appendix 6

Based on the assumption that students have sufficient credits and adequate training

in basic sciences including general Biology and Chemistry where the total amount


of instructional hours for biomedical clinical sciences shall be at least 300 hours,

not including the time for First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation training.

b. Acupuncture and TCM specific courses

Curriculum areas related to acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

include:

History and development of acupuncture and TCM in China, North America

and worldwide

Basic foundational concepts of TCM and acupuncture

o Yin/Yang

o Five elements (phases)

o Body substances : qi, blood, body fluids, essence, spirit

o Constitution

o Etiology

o Pathogenesis

o Prevention

o Health Preservation

o Principles of treatment

o Zang – Fu (organ theories)

o Channels and collaterals

TCM diagnostic procedures, defining treatment objectives and planning

Acupuncture points

o Points of the 14 channels

o Extra Points

o Five transporting points

o Source points

o Connecting Points

o Clefts points

o Front-Mu Points

o Back-Shu Points

o Lower sea points

o Eight confluents points

o 8 meeting (influential) points

o Mother/child points

o Channel crossing points

o Ah shi points

o Ear and Scalp acupuncture

Treatment techniques

o Needle insertion: depth, duration, manipulation and withdrawal

o Tonification and sedation of Qi

o Moxibustion: application, direct & indirect,

o Cupping techniques

o Electro-Acupuncture techniques

o Basic Tui’na techniques (acupressure)


o Special acupuncture techniques including seven-star (plum-blossom)

needling, bleeding, scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and wrist-

ankle acupuncture

o Gua-sha

o Qi Gong, Tai Chi

o Lifestyle modifications

o Diet therapy in TCM

Basic Chinese Herbology - Appendix #7 TCM Herbs List and & Appendix #8

Formula List from PCE

Application of acupuncture treatment to a broad range of internal and external

diseases and disorders

Appropriate management of adverse reactions to acupuncture treatments

Safe handling and maintenance of acupuncture related tools and materials

c. Interpersonal skills

Communication skills written, verbal, non-verbal and listening

Assess capacity to comprehend and consent to treatment

Explaining concepts in plain language, TCM and biomedical terminology

Effectively respond to interpersonal conflict

Develop and manage productive and effective interpersonal relationships

Develop and manage productive and effective professional relationships

Demonstrate compassion, respect and empathy towards patients

Maintain practitioner / patient boundaries

Managing reactions that may arise during the course of treatment and the

ability to make appropriate referrals

d. Ethics and Practice Management

Practice in a manner that accords patient dignity and observes patients’ rights

Understand relevant legislation governing the practice of acupuncture in

Alberta and Canada

Confidentiality: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIPP),

(Personal Information Protections Act (PIPA), Health Information Act (HIA)

Informed Consent

Practice with Integrity: understanding the scope of practice, recognizing and

practicing within limits of competency

Patient Record: generation and maintenance of patient record

Patient referral to other health professionals

Professional conduct and appropriate interpersonal behaviour:

Professional liability

Building and managing an ethical and legal practice including: contracts,

advertising, payment, billing and third party reimbursement

Develop and maintain operational and management procedures

Professional development and practitioner self care


Please note: The curriculum must be delivered in a structured format with

interactive, direct contact between students and faculty or supervisors. Distance-

learning programs are not acceptable for the purpose of registration as an

acupuncturist in Alberta.

3. Syllabi

A syllabus is an academic document that communicates course information and

defines expectations and responsibilities. It must be prepared for each course or

major unit of instruction. The syllabus must be made available to faculty

members, distributed to each student in the course, and be maintained in the

program’s curriculum files.

A syllabus must contain at least the following:

the purpose of the course

the objective of the course in specific terms and outcomes or acquired skills

the prerequisites of the course

an outline of the content of the course or detailed laboratory instruction

the methods of instruction

the types of grading system

the requirements of the course and their weightings (e.g., paper, projects

exams)

relevant dates including exams, assignments and Drop Date

required and recommended reading

4. Clinical observation and supervised clinical practice

A professional program in acupuncture must provide a clinical education

component of sufficient volume, variety, and quality to fulfill its educational

purposes. Clinical education consists of clinical observation and supervised

clinical practice which leads the student through gradually increasing levels of

responsibility for patient care resulting in the ability to function independently by

graduation. The clinical education component of an approved acupuncture

program must provide a minimum of 500 hours of clinical observation and

supervised clinical practice. Throughout the clinical education component,

students also have the opportunity to learn basic clinic management, patient

record keeping and other related professional competencies.

a. Clinical observation

Clinical observation provides the opportunity for students to observe

acupuncturists/supervisors or senior student interns performing acupuncture


and/or other treatment techniques in a clinical setting. Minimum of 70% of

observation hours must be obtained following a Clinic Supervisor and the

remainder can be following a senior student Intern.

Safety and clean needle techniques shall be taught prior to clinical observation

and periodically reinforced throughout the acupuncture program. Although

observers are not needling patients, they are in the direct vicinity of patients and

needles, and should be well informed and trained in the necessary procedures for

needle stick, adverse reactions and exposure to bodily fluids.

The Program must provide a clinical orientation at the start of Observation hours

and again prior to Internship hours in student clinic procedures as well as the

customary practices of the program. This clinical orientation should define

expectations of roles and behaviours for all participants in the student clinic. They

must further provide an orientation to any transfer student prior to starting clinical

observation or internship or if there are changes to the program or physical space.

The clinical orientations should also be documented, reviewed and updated as

policies or procedures change.

b. Supervised clinical practice

Students need to acquire experience in direct treatment of patients and all aspects

of the treatments including patient interviews, diagnosis, treatment planning,

providing treatments and patient follow-up. Clinical Practicum programs must

provide patients for students to practice and further develop skills learned in the

didactic portion of training.

Effective clinical supervision of students is critical to a successful internship.

Students should have maximal supervision while treating patients. This allows

the supervisor to provide accurate and immediate feedback to the student, as well

as assess the students’ skills and competency moving forward through the

program. The ratio of a clinical supervisor to supervised students shall not be

more than 1:5 at any time.

Particularly, each supervisor must:

approve the treatment plan before treatment is provided as evidenced by the

supervisor’s signature;

be physically present with the student while the student is performing the

restricted activity; for the first 50 treatments a student intern performs;

be available for consultation and to assist the student in performing the

restricted activity as required, after the first 50 treatments; and

be able to observe, promptly intervene and stop or change the actions of the

student being supervised without unduly interrupting the care of the person on

whom the restricted activity is being performed.


An acupuncture program must ensure that each student participates sufficiently in

the supervised care of patients. A minimum of 200 patient visits is required

where students can learn to treat a wide variety of conditions with acupuncture.

The primary care of a patient cannot be assigned to more than 2 students at the

same time. Additionally, the following minimums must be met:

five (5) New patient Intakes

two (2) Internal Medicine cases

two (2) Gynecology cases

three (3) of any of the following: neurological, oncology, dermatology,

pediatrics, or cardiovascular. For these cases that are less commonly seen

in student clinic up to 5 students may participate in the treatment of the

case.

Not more than 35% total cases of musculo-skeletal pain related conditions

Teaching clinic schedule, patient records and student’s reported clinic hours shall

all match.

Clinic Log Book

Students trained in Alberta will be required to keep a log book of all treatments

they observe and provide as an intern. This log book will be required to be

submitted with transcripts and other required documents for application to write

the Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exam (AARE) and for registration as a

member of the CAAA if the candidate sits licencing exams outside the province.

The Log book must contain the following information on each treatment observed

or provided:

Non-disclosing patient identification: patient id # within the institution’s

filing system or Initials. Enough to verify on audit not enough to violate a

patient’s right to privacy

Date of treatment (observation)

Treatment number X/200

Clinic Supervisor (s) Initials or signature on Treatment Plan and secondary

signatures if CS changes during shift or any alteration from proposed

Treatment plan

Basic history on the patient, reason for seeking treatment, SOAP notes, etc.

TCM Diagnosis and pattern differentiation

proposed Treatment Plan, including acupuncture, suitable herbal formula, diet

or lifestyle modifications

Treatment provided if different from proposed plan with student notation as

to why the change and initials of Clinic Supervisor of change. Examples

might include: rash on acupuncture point so ashi point nearby used instead,

patient requested Yin Tang, patient was uncomfortable with leg position so

acupuncture point___ was removed.

Additional notes observed by intern (observer)


All treatment notes must be compliant with the Patient record keeping policy on the

patient files. The Log book is intended to be verified as a synopsis of the full patient

record and will be used to verify the student has completed the minimum number of

patient visits and to ensure the student has treated a variety of conditions as part of the

clinical practicum. It will be returned to the student upon acceptance to write the

AARE.

5. Off-campus clinical training

Acupuncture clinics that accommodate students for fulfilling their clinical practice

requirements in off-campus locations must meet the same standards as on-campus

teaching clinics. These clinics must have an official affiliation with the

educational institution and the institution must exercise academic oversight

equivalent to the one exercised in the on-campus teaching clinic.

Supervisors must meet the same qualifications for clinical instruction as in the on-

campus teaching clinic. All other requirements that apply to on-campus teaching

clinic such as the log book, patient record keeping etc. are still applicable.

Maximum allowable hours completed off campus cannot exceed 35% of total for

the program practicum.

6. Faculty and clinical supervisors

An acupuncture program must maintain a faculty that is academically qualified

and numerically sufficient to perform the responsibilities assigned to it. Faculty

members must demonstrate competency in the specific field they teach, which

includes proper professional education, practical professional experience, and

teaching experience. All instructors must have five (5) years of professional

experience in the subject matter.

The responsibilities of faculty members include the following:

design lesson plans, tests, exams and assignments

evaluate student’s work and progress

maintain attendance and academic records

provide remedial assistance if necessary

ensure that course objectives are met

keep course content updated

keep their knowledge updated according to the latest developments within the

field of their teaching

Clinical supervisors must be registered acupuncturists in Alberta in good standing,

and must have at least five (5) years’ clinical experience recognized by the

Council. They must have the skills and experience to assist with students’ learning


and improvement of treatment skills. They must have full professional liability

insurance.

Programs must ensure students have a minimum of three (3) different Clinical

Supervisors responsible for assessing and evaluating students’ progress over the

clinical practicum.

The acupuncture program shall provide faculty members and clinical supervisors

with opportunities for professional growth and development.

7. Evaluation of student progress and achievement

The program shall demonstrate and document an assessment system that provides

accurate information to students and tracks students’ progress in knowledge,

skills, and competencies through the program.

Assessment in the form of examination shall be conducted at an appropriate level

to ensure students meet the requirements of the course. Number and complexity

of questions shall accurately reflect the objectives of the course.

All examinations must be proctored for the entirety of the exam.

The program must establish a grading system to ensure consistency. Instructor

shall report results of examinations and assignments to the program administrator

in an un-editable format in a timely manner.

Students shall be given their grades in each course: after each exam or

assignment, at the end of each semester and be provided with final transcripts in a

timely manner.

Final Transcripts must include:

Course Name or number

Year and term

Instructor

Final grade

Any course a student registers in must be appear on the transcript regardless of

outcome i.e. pass, withdraw or fails a course.

Students must be provided assessment of their progress or status prior to key

program drop dates, which are based on the program’s design, and must be

published so they are known to students. Drop dates must match regulation for

refund of tuition after training begins as per Private Vocational Training Act.

Students must be provided with progress report upon request.


Based on the assessment results, the program can conduct systematic review of its

educational objectives and make efforts to improve the quality of professional

education delivered to students.

IV. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

1. Chief administrator

An acupuncture program must appoint a chief administrator who is responsible

for the entire operation of the program, administration of the policies and

procedures, and communication with faculty and students.

The program shall have administrative staff of a size appropriate to the size of the

program. The administration must be qualified and well organized with clearly

defined roles and responsibilities.

The administration shall develop policies and procedures to govern operation of

the program, and ensure established policies and procedures are followed.

Each program must have its own Student Handbook and Clinic Handbook and

Code of Student Conduct.

2. Records

The program must have accurate and complete record keeping system that is

compliant with all applicable privacy legislations such as Freedom of Information

and Protection of Privacy Act, Personal Information Protection Act and Health

Information Act. Role based access to all records is required.

Student records, including academic, attendance and financial records, shall be

maintained and stored at the site of the program for all students currently enrolled

in the program. The program shall have a written policy for storage of and access

to student records to ensure security and confidentiality. Student records must be

retained by the program for a period of at least 3 years after their graduation.

The program must maintain patient records which shall be kept accurate, secured,

complete and confidential with respect to the generally accepted standards of

health care practice. The program must maintain patient files for student clinic

separate from patient files of any member, or other healthcare provider, even if

they practice out of the same clinic space. Any patient who is seen by a member

and in the student clinic must have a separate patient file for the student clinic.

Records of patients who are treated by students under supervision must be signed

by the student and the supervisor(s) on duty. Students must only have access to

those patient files that they are actively assigned to and only on during their

school hours. No after-hours access to physical or electronic records is permitted.


Electronic records require the same security to access as physical records except

that they must be backed up and the back up stored off-site. Additionally, policies

should be in place to define the procedures for back up and who is responsible for

this.

3. Faculty and course evaluation

The program must have a policy regarding faculty and course evaluations. The

purpose is to provide faculty with feedback on the quality of their teaching and to

encourage improvement of instruction. Faculty and course evaluations shall be

conducted at the end of a course by the students and/or by other faculty after class

visits. The faculty evaluation should be based on fulfillment of teaching

responsibilities. It shall be conducted in an anonymous manner, and the evaluation

results must be communicated to the faculty member in a timely manner.

Documentation demonstrating faculty evaluation by the administration and

student feedback should be kept on file for the full length of time a student is

enrolled in the program.

4. Student services and activities

The program must have services available for students to assist them with their

educational, personal and professional growth, facilitate communication between

students, faculty, staff and administration, and create good student morale while

making progress toward their career goals.

Student services may include student study groups, student committees and other

activities to the benefits of students. Student services should be documented in

Student Handbook that detail their rights, privileges and responsibilities, and

disciplinary proceedings for violations of those responsibilities.

5. Student grievances

The program must have a fair, efficient and effective complaints resolution

process to review and respond to grievances made by students. This process needs

to be published in the Student Handbook (or other such document) and should be

part of the student orientation. The entire procedure must be accurately

documented and maintained in file for at least three (3) years following the

initiation of any complaints.

The complaint resolution process must include someone outside the original

complaint and must eliminate any faculty or staff from multiple roles in the

process.


The program must have an appeal policy in place for students to appeal grades or

any other administrative decisions. This policy shall provide clear instruction on

appeal procedures, such as how and when to file an official appeal.3 The appeal

process should include a neutral third party, who has no vested interest in the

outcome.

6. Transfer of credit

Credits are awarded after successful completion of a teaching unit.

An acupuncture program may accept transferred credits from another professional

program which is considered equivalent to the requirements for graduation from a

professional acupuncture program. However, at least 50% of the courses or credit

hours must be taken in the acupuncture program of the institution granting the

certificate or degree. The acupuncture program can only accept transferred credits

for those courses which the applicants have achieved the educational objectives.

7. Communication

The administration must ensure effective communication with faculty members,

students, governing body of the profession, government departments, and other

relevant organizations, such as faculty evaluation feedback, student grades,

grievances, announcements, and new policies and regulations, etc. Copies of

communication sent/received as well as minutes for meetings must be kept on file.

V. STANDARDS RELATED TO PHYSICAL SPACE, FACILITIES,

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES

1. Physical space, facilities and equipment

The facilities of the program must be safe, functional, adequate and accessible to

ensure the welfare of students, faculty, staff and patients, including those with

disabilities. Facilities must meet local fire, safety and health standards.

The physical space, facilities and equipment of the institution must be cleaned and

repaired as needed on a regular base to ensure a healthy environment for faculty,

students, patients and staff.

3 See also: Practices and Procedures for Appeals under Section 11.1 of the School Act. Accessible online:

www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/administration/legislation-

policy/legislation/studentappeals/sab_procedures_manual.pdf


The program shall have appropriate media and learning equipment adequate for

delivery of the curriculum.

Classroom size and clinic size shall be appropriate to the number of students and

patients.

2. Teaching clinic

The teaching clinic must comply with local environmental, health and safety

legislation. The clinic must be equipped and staffed in the same way as a regular

acupuncture clinic, and its size has to be adequate to accommodate all students,

supervisors and patients that are using the teaching clinic at any given time.

The teaching clinic must be sufficient space for a waiting room, reception area,

secure file storage, treatment rooms, gathering space for students with storage for

personal belongings, private discussion area and supervisor’s office, washroom(s)

and storage space for equipment.

3. Library and other learning resources

A library and other learning resources must be appropriate to the curriculum and

readily available and accessible to students and faculty. A copy of each of the

program’s required and recommended texts books should be available along with

those references designated for the Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exams.

The library’s materials should contain a good amount of recent and contemporary

items such as books, TCM related magazines, multi-media learning materials that

can contribute to the educational objectives of the Acupuncture program.


VI. CONCLUSION

Acupuncture is a system based on the holistic principles of traditional Chinese medicine,

with its own theoretical foundation, diagnosis, treatment principles and treatment

modalities, as well as standards and competency and practice. The Entry-level

Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine outlines the

competencies required for a practitioner to perform a job function with a specified level

of proficiency independently. The Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture

Education is intended to set out the standards, requirements and guidelines for a

professional acupuncture program to provide students with the required knowledge,

competency, skills and attitudes.

The standards proposed in this document are based on research and are in line with

requirements implemented in other jurisdictions, both nationally and internationally.

Education is the foundation of a profession. Current acupuncture programs in Alberta

shall conduct a self-review based on the standards proposed, and make adjustments as

needed to further improve the quality of education.

It is sincerely hoped that this document will benefit students, acupuncture education

providers, and the profession of acupuncturists in Alberta. Improved standards of

education will improve the competence and skills of acupuncturists, which will ultimately

benefit Albertans by receiving safe, quality and ethical treatments by acupuncturists in

Alberta.


References and Sources

Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. (2016, February 27).

Accreditation Manual. Retrieved from http://acaom.org/governing-documents/

Acupuncture Foundation Professional Association. (2017). AFPA Training Standards.

Retrieved from http://afpa.ie/afpa-training-standards/

Acupuncture Regulation. Alberta Regulation 42/1988.

Acupuncture Training Programs, California Code of Regulations. tit. 16, § 3.5 (2005,

January 1). Retrieved from

http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/laws_regs/index.shtml

Alberta Health and Wellness. Workforce Policy and Planning Health Workforce

Division. (2005, April 20). Standards of Competency and Practice. Retrieved

from http://acupuncturealberta.ca/regulations-policies/

British Acupuncture Council. (2011, October). Standards of Education and Training for

Acupuncture. Retrieved from http://www.baab.co.uk/downloads/key-

accreditation-documents.html

Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists.

(2010, May). Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada. Retrieved from

https://www.ctcmpao.on.ca/resources/forms-and-documents/

Council of Acupuncture Oriental Medicine Associations. (n.d.). Standards for

Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Retrieved from


Curricula, Admission requirements, Acupuncture program information of Reeves

College, Edmonton; Grant MacEwan University, Edmonton; CCTCMA, Calgary;

ACATCM, Calgary and CITCM, Calgary, provided by CAAA.

Health and Care Professions Council. (2014, July). Standards of Education and Training

Guidance. Retrieved from http://www.hcpc-uk.org/education/standards/

Health Disciplines Act, Revised Statutes of Alberta (2000, c. H-2). Retrieved from

http://www.qp.alberta.ca/570.cfm

Mei, M. F. (2006, October). Chinese Medicine Education – A Global View [Web log

post]. Retrieved from http://mfm.acumedic.com/2012/01/chinese-medicine-

education-－-a-global-view/

http://acaom.org/governing-documents/

http://afpa.ie/afpa-training-standards/

http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/laws_regs/index.shtml

http://acupuncturealberta.ca/regulations-policies/

http://www.baab.co.uk/downloads/key-accreditation-documents.html

http://www.baab.co.uk/downloads/key-accreditation-documents.html

https://www.ctcmpao.on.ca/resources/forms-and-documents/


http://www.hcpc-uk.org/education/standards/

http://www.qp.alberta.ca/570.cfm

http://mfm.acumedic.com/2012/01/chinese-medicine-education-－-a-global-view/

http://mfm.acumedic.com/2012/01/chinese-medicine-education-－-a-global-view/


Robinson, N. G. (2016). Why we need minimum basic requirements in science for

acupuncture education. Medicines, 3(3), 21; doi:10.3390/medicines3030021.

Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness rev. April 2005

State of Georgia Non-public Postsecondary Education Commission. (2016, October).

Minimum Standards and Criteria Non-public Postsecondary Education

Commission (NPEC) Institutions. Retrieved from https://gnpec.org/about-

gnpec/minimum-standards/

WHO Consultation on Acupuncture. (1996, November 1). Guidelines on Basic Training

and Safety in Acupuncture. Retrieved from

http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip56e/

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines3030021

https://gnpec.org/about-gnpec/minimum-standards/

https://gnpec.org/about-gnpec/minimum-standards/

http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip56e/


Appendices

Appendix 1: Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness,

April 2005

http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/regulations/standard-competency-practice.pdf

http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/regulations/standard-competency-practice.pdf


Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional

Chinese Medicine in Canada (May 2010)

Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists

Copyright © 2010 Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and

Acupuncturists All rights reserved

INTRODUCTION

The Occupational Competencies were developed by the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory

Bodies for Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists over the period

January 2008 – October 2009. They were updated in May 2010, at which time

Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints were established.

The development process involved the identification of proposed competencies by an

inter-provincial committee of experienced Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

practitioners and educators, working with a consultant4. The committee utilized source

documents from various countries describing TCM education and practice, as well as the

expertise of its members.

This was followed by surveys of practitioners in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario,

Québec and Newfoundland & Labrador, to determine the extent to which the proposed

competencies were deemed by practitioners to be important, frequently used and

appropriate as entry-level requirements.

The Occupational Competencies are subject to the approval of the regulatory authority in

each jurisdiction. They are intended to identify the job tasks in which entry-level TCM

practitioners and acupuncturists should be proficient, in order to provide safe, effective

and ethical practice.

The members of the Alliance gratefully acknowledge the Government of Canada, under

the Foreign Credential Recognition Program, for funding this project in partnership with

BC's Ministry of Advanced Education and Labor Market Development.

Canadian regulatory jurisdictions currently utilize different occupational titles to regulate

the practice of TCM.

OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCIES AND ENTRY-LEVEL PROFICIENCY

An Occupational Competency is defined as a job task that can be carried out to a

specified level of proficiency.

The following statement defines Entry-Level Proficiency:

When presented with routine situations, the entry-level practitioner applies each relevant

competency in a manner consistent with generally accepted standards in the profession,

4 Catalysis Consulting, www.catalysisconsulting.net


without supervision or direction, and within a reasonable timeframe. The practitioner

selects and applies competencies in an informed manner. The practitioner anticipates

what outcomes to expect in a given situation, and responds appropriately.

The entry-level practitioner recognizes unusual, difficult- to- resolve and complex

situations which may be beyond his / her capacity. The practitioner takes appropriate and

ethical steps to address these situations, which may include seeking consultation or

supervision, reviewing research literature, or referring the client.

Development beyond entry-level proficiency is to be encouraged. This involves

Advanced Skills, Expert Skills and Leadership:

The practitioner working at an advanced level has extensive experience and exhibits a

more in-depth understanding of clinical situations. Decision-making and treatment flow

more efficiently because the practitioner readily perceives which aspects of a presenting

situation are the important ones, and how they should be addressed. The practitioner

working at an advanced level deals effectively with most unusual, difficult-to-resolve and

complex situations. Beyond the advanced level, practitioners may be recognized as

experts or leaders in their fields, who contribute to the advancement of the profession.

FRAMEWORK FOR THE OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCIES

The Occupational Competencies are grouped into the following Practice Areas:

1. Interpersonal Skills

2. Professionalism

3. Practice Management

4. Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundations

5. Fundamentals of Biomedicine

6. Diagnostics and Treatment

7. Acupuncture Techniques

8. Herbal Dispensary Management

9. Safety

Within each Practice Area, the Occupational Competencies are identified as

Common (applicable to both Acupuncture and Herbology)

Acupuncture (unique to the practice of Acupuncture)

Herbology (unique to the practice of Herbology)


PRACTICE AREA 1 - INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology

1.1 Utilize professional communication.

a Speak effectively, using appropriate

terminology.

b Write effectively, using appropriate

terminology.

c Comprehend written information. d Comprehend information presented orally. e Respond to non-verbal communication. f Respond to sources of interpersonal conflict. g Ensure effectiveness of communication.

1.2 Develop and maintain effective inter-

professional relationships.

a Develop productive working relationships.

b Work cooperatively in an interdisciplinary

health care setting.

1.3 Develop and maintain effective relationships

with patients.

a Show respect toward patients as individuals. b Exhibit compassion toward patients.

c Maintain practitioner / patient boundaries.

d Facilitate honest, reciprocal communication.

e Encourage patient to take responsibility for

his/her health.

PRACTICE AREA 2 - PROFESSIONALISM


2.1 Comply with legal requirements.

a Apply to practice current, relevant federal and

provincial / territorial legislation.

b Apply to practice current requirements of

regulatory body.

c

Apply to practice current, relevant

requirements of municipal and other local

authorities.

2.2 Practice in a manner that accords patient

dignity and reflects patient rights.

a Ensure that patient is aware of treatment plan,

its benefits and risks.

b Ensure ongoing, informed consent.

c Respect patient rights to privacy and

confidentiality.

d Terminate course of treatment when

appropriate.



2.3 Maintain practitioner self-care.

a Maintain personal health and wellness in the

context of professional practice.

b Exhibit professional deportment. 2.4 Practice with professional integrity.

a Practice within limits of expertise.

b Modify practice to enhance effectiveness.

c Remain current with developments in

acupuncture practice.

d Remain current with developments in TCM

herbology practice.

e Exhibit professional behavior.

PRACTICE AREA 3 - PRACTICE MANAGEMENT


3.1 Maintain patient records. a Ensure complete and accurate records.

b Ensure security and integrity of records. 3.2 Utilize effective business strategies a Ensure sound financial management.

b Establish office procedures and supervise staff

accordingly.

c Employ ethical business practices.

PRACTICE AREA 4 – TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE FOUNDATIONS


4.1

Apply fundamental knowledge of the

following Traditional Chinese Medicine

principles in diagnosis and treatment.

a yin yang b wu xing (five elements)

c zang xiang (organ theories)

d jing-luo & shu xue (channels, collaterals, and

Acupuncture points)

e qi, xue, jin ye, jing, & shen (qi, blood, body

fluid, essence, spirit)

f ti zhi (constitution) g bing yin (etiology) h bing ji (pathogenesis) i yu fang (prevention)

j zhi ze (principles of treatment) k yang sheng (health preservation)



4.2 Apply fundamentals of Acupuncture in

diagnosis and treatment.

a Characterize the following points:

i jing xue (points of the 14 channels)

ii jing wai qi xue (extra points)

b

Apply knowledge of the following

special groupings of points, in treatment

planning:

i wu shu xue (five transporting points)

ii yuan xue (source points)

iii luo xue (connecting points)

iv xi xue (cleft points)

vi mu xue (front / mu points)

vii xia he xue (lower sea points)

viii ba mai jiao hui xue (eight confluent

points)

ix ba hui xue (eight meeting (influential)

points)

x zi mu xue (mother / child points) xi jiao hui xue (channel crossing points) xii a shi xue (ah shi points) xiii ear and scalp Acupuncture c Select points for assessment.

d Select points or areas for therapy. e Select stimulation techniques.

f

Apply knowledge of precautions and

contraindications for application of

stimulation techniques.

g Apply knowledge of: i tui na / an mo (acupressure) ii qi gong / tai ji iii gua sha

4.3

Apply knowledge of the following

properties and functions of TCM herbs

in treatment planning:

a si qi (four properties)

b wu wei (five flavors)

c sheng jiang fu chen (ascending,

descending, floating, sinking)

d gui jing (channel tropism)

e actions

f indications

g toxicity

h pao zhi (processing of herbs)



4.4 Apply knowledge of herbal formulating

strategies, with reference to:

a composition of formula

b modification of formula

c functions & classifications

d combinations & compatibility

e dosage form & methods of administration

f dosage

g potential adverse effects

h contraindications & precautions

4.5 Apply knowledge of the following herb

interactions in treatment planning:

a herb – drug interactions

b herb – herb interactions

c herb – food interactions

d herb – natural health product interactions

PRACTICE AREA 5 - FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICINE


5.1 Apply basic biomedical concepts to TCM

practice.

a human anatomical structures b biochemical processes

c control mechanisms d infectious diseases and infection control e dysfunctions and common diseases

5.2 Relate biomedical diagnostic and treatment

approaches to TCM practice.

a diagnosis and treatment methods b pharmacology

5.3 Integrate TCM and biomedical concepts.

a

Relate biomedical information concerning

patient’s condition and treatment to TCM state

of health.

b

Communicate TCM diagnostic and treatment

information for use by other health care

workers, and to third parties.


PRACTICE AREA 6 - DIAGNOSTICS & TREATMENT


6.1 Establish priorities for assessment and

treatment planning.

a Identify chief complaint.

b Initiate assessment based upon chief

complaint.

c

Recognize conditions that require urgent

medical treatment, and direct patient

appropriately.

d Modify assessment strategy based upon

emerging information.

e Initiate collaboration, consultation or

referral as appropriate.

6.2 Assess patient.

a Collect information using wang zhen

(TCM diagnostic inspection method).

b Collect information using wen zhen

(TCM diagnostic inquiry method).

c

Collect information using wen zhen

(TCM diagnostic auscultation and

olfaction methods).

d Collect information using qie zhen (TCM

diagnostic palpation method).

e Measure vital signs.

f Conduct relevant non-invasive physical

examination.



6.3 Analyze assessment information.

a

Organize and interpret the collected

information using the following TCM

syndrome differentiation methods:

i

ba gang bian zheng (eight principles

differentiation)

ii

zang-fu bian zheng (organ theory

differentiation)

iii

wu xing bian zheng (five elements

differentiation)

iv san jiao bian zheng (triple warmer

differentiation)

v wei qi ying xue bian zheng (four levels

differentiation)

vi liu jing bian zheng (six stages

differentiation)

vii qi xue jin ye bian zheng (qi, blood, body

fluid differentiation)

viii bing yin bian zheng (pathogenic factors

differentiation)

ix jing luo bian zheng (meridian

differentiation)

b

Incorporate information obtained from

biomedical diagnostic data, medical and

health history.

c Make TCM diagnosis.

6.4 Establish treatment plan based on

diagnosis.

a Determine treatment goals and strategies.

b Take into account precautions and

contraindications.

d Adapt treatment according to patient

characteristics and needs.

e Select appropriate points, point

combinations and / or treatment areas.

f Select appropriate course of acupuncture

treatment and therapeutic modalities.

g Devise applicable TCM herbal formula.

h Devise appropriate course of herbal

treatment.



6.5 Provide acupuncture treatment.

a Adapt clinical setting to enhance comfort

and safety.

b Position patient for treatment.

c Locate selected points on patient.

d Apply treatment techniques.

e Monitor and respond to patient condition

during treatment.

6.6 Implement herbal treatment plan.

a Instruct patient on accessing TCM herbal

formula.

b Instruct patient on administration of TCM

herbal formula.

6.7 Monitor effectiveness of treatment

plan and modify where necessary.

a Evaluate effectiveness of treatment plan

on an ongoing basis.

b Modify treatment plan to enhance

effectiveness.

6.8 Educate and counsel patient.

a Explain etiology and pathogenesis of

condition.

b Explain TCM concepts as they apply to

patient condition.

c Inform patient of possible side effects

and reaction to treatment.

d Advise patient on yu fang and yang sheng

(prevention and health preservation).

e Counsel patient on compliance with

treatment recommendations.

PRACTICE AREA 7 - ACUPUNCTURE TECHNIQUES


7.1 Perform needling. a Perform filiform needling.

b Perform dermal (plum blossom, seven star)

needling.

c Perform intra-dermal tack needling. d Perform three-edge needling. 7.2 Perform moxibustion. a Perform direct moxibustion. b Perform indirect moxibustion. c Perform needle-warming moxibustion.



7.3 Perform treatment utilizing supplementary

devices.

a Perform stimulation using heat lamps.

b Perform stimulation using electro-acupuncture

devices.

7.4 Perform cupping. 7.5 Perform tui na.

PRACTICE AREA 8 – HERBAL DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT


8.1 Maintain herbal inventory.

a Identify appropriate supply for herbs.

b Assess quality of herbs with reference to:

i packaging

ii labeling

iii physical properties

iv available quality assurance information

c Store herbs in appropriate conditions,

including:

i environment

ii security

iii monitoring

d Maintain records with respect to inventory.

8.2 Prepare and dispense herbal formulas.

a Verify formula information is clear,

complete and accurate.

b Verify availability of components and

confirm substitution if required.

c Confirm identity of components.

d Compound formula.

e Apply packaging.

f Apply labeling.

g Provide instructions for storage and use.

h Maintain dispensing records.

PRACTICE AREA 9 - SAFETY


9.1 Evaluate patient risk profile.

a Determine risk profile relative to acupuncture

treatment.

b Determine level of risk relative to TCM herbal

treatment.



9.2 Provide a safe working environment.

a Maintain current knowledge of communicable

diseases and infection control techniques.

b Apply universal precautions for infection

control.

c Ensure effective supervision of staff and / or

students.

d

Inspect facilities on a regular basis for

electrical hazards, fire risk and physical

hazards that may cause accidents, and take

action to minimize.

e Establish procedures and route for emergency

evacuation of facilities.

f

Establish procedures to maximize protection of

self, staff and patients in the event of abusive or

violent behavior.

9.3 Manage risks to patients.

a Include safety precautions in herbal treatment

plan.

b Manage adverse reactions and accidents

resulting from treatment.

c Respond appropriately to medical emergencies.

d Manage blood-to-blood contact and provide

direction for post-exposure follow up.

e Clean spills of blood and other body fluids.

f Control and extinguish small fires.

9.4 Ensure that equipment is safe and

functional.

a Select equipment that enhances patient safety. b Maintain equipment in good working order.

c Clean and equipment regularly, and disinfect as

appropriate.


Appendix 3: National and International Acupuncture Education: Program Duration

(basic comparison)

Jurisdictions Program duration Details Ireland (AFPA) 3 years

U.S.A. (CAOMA) 3 – 4 years 2,500 – 3,500 hrs.

California 4 years, 8 semesters, 12 quarters, 9

trimesters or 36 months

1,548 hours of theoretical training

plus 800 hours of clinical

instruction.

U.K. (BAB) 3 years (FT), 3600 hrs. (Including 1200 hrs.

structured time with 400 hrs. of

clinical practice)

Australia 3 – 5 years

New Zealand 3 – 5 years

WHO

Recommendation

2,500 hrs. and basic biosciences education

Jurisdictions Program duration Details CTCMA - BC 1900 hours of which 450 hours

are Clinical practicum

1900 hours over 3 years 450 clinical practicum

and of that 225 are supervised practice hours.

EOCPIA Common and Acupuncture

NB Identical for TCM Herbalist except in

EOCPIA, Common and Herbology apply

http://www.ctcma.bc.ca/resources/education-

program-review/

TCMPAO - ON 3 years full time education, and

500 direct patient contact hours

https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130027

OAQ - QC 3 years full time One program offered in French only

http://acupuncture.crosemont.qc.ca/

TCMPANL - NL No Program https://ctcmpanl.ca/learn-about-traditional-chinese-medicine/education-of-

an-acupuncturist/ gives no indication of a

program available in NL

https://ctcmpanl.ca/learn-about-traditional-chinese-medicine/education-of-an-acupuncturist/




Appendix 4: Program duration of other health professions in Alberta

Regulatory Body Program

Duration

Classroo

m Hours

Internship Board Exams

Alberta College &

Association of

Chiropractors (ACAC)

4 years 4,500

hrs.

(Includin

g 600

hrs. of

internshi

p)

600 hours

(included in

the 4,500

hrs.)

ACAC registration requirements include

passing national board exams.

College of Alberta

Dental Assistants

(CADA)

2 years NAIT is

a two

year

diploma

program

900 hours. Must successfully pass the National Dental

Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB)

written examination.

College of Registered

Dental Hygienists of

Alberta (CRDHA)

3 years Successful completion of the written

examination delivered by the National

Dental Hygiene Certification Board

(NDHCB) of Canada is required.

College of Dieticians

of Alberta (CDA)

4 years 35 – 40

weeks

Must successfully complete the Canadian

Dietetic Registration Examination.

College of

Naturopathic Doctors

of Alberta (CNDA)

4 years Must successfully complete the written

NPLEX examinations.

College of Midwives

of Alberta

4 years Objective Structured Clinical Exam

(OSCE). Valid certification in neonatal

resuscitation, CPR and managing

obstetrical emergencies.

College of Licensed

Practical Nurses of

Alberta

2 years Canadian Practical Nurse Registration

Exam (CPNRE)

College of Registered

Psychiatric Nurses of

Alberta (CRPNA)

3 years 45-

credits.

Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada

Examination (RPNCE)

Alberta College of

Occupational

Therapists (ACOT)

4 years 28 weeks Canadian Association of Occupational

Therapists (CAOT) National Certification

Exam.

Alberta College of

Optometrists (ACO)

4 years Canadian Assessment of Competency in

Optometry (CACO) exam.

Alberta College of

Paramedics

10 mo (EMT)

2 yrs (EMT-P)

The College administers Provincial

Registration Examinations at the EMT and

EMT-P levels.

Physiotherapy Alberta

College & Association

4 years The Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy

Regulators (The Alliance) administers the

Physiotherapy Competency Examination

(PCE)

College of Physicians

and Surgeons of

Alberta

Medical

degree from a

school listed in

the

International

Medical

Education

Check

each

program

Residency Passed the Medical Council of Canada

Evaluating Examination (MCCEE), if you

obtained your medical degree outside

Canada or the U.S. or have Doctor of

Osteopathy degree from the U.S.


Directory.

College of Alberta

Psychologists (CAP)

3 years 1600 hours Oral Exam: to be completed prior to

moving to Standards for Supervision form

B)

Examination for Professional Practice in

Psychology (EPPP Exam): can be

completed at any time during the

registration process.

Alberta College of

Social Workers

(ACSW)

2 years 1500 hours Association of Social Work Boards

(ASWB) exams.


Appendix 5 – Common Diseases

Infectious & Parasitic Diseases

1. bacillary dysentery

2. cholera

3. epidemic encephalitis

4. leptospirosis

5. malaria

6. mumps

7. schistosomiases

8. typhoid fever

9. viral hepatitis

Respiratory Diseases

10. bronchial asthma

11. bronchitis

12. pneumococcal pneumonia

13. pneumothorax

14. primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma

15. pulmonary tuberculosis

Cardiovascular Diseases

16. chronic heart failure

17. chronic lung cardiomyopathy

18. hypertension

19. ischemic heart disease

20. rheumatic fever

21. rheumatic heart disease

22. viral myocarditis

Gastrointestinal Diseases

23. acute pancreatitis

24. chronic gastritis

25. gastrointestinal ulcers

26. hepatocirrhosis

27. primary hepatic carcinoma

28. stomach carcinoma

29. ulcerative colitis

Urinary System Diseases

30. chronic glomerulonephritis

31. chronic renal failure

32. urinary tract infection

Hematological Diseases

33. aplastic anemia

34. leukemia

35. leukopenia & agranulocytosis

36. thrombocytopenic purpura


Endocrine Diseases

37. diabetes

38. hyperthyroidism

Nervous System Diseases

39. acute cerebrovascular diseases

40. epilepsy

41. facial paralysis

42. Guillain-Barre syndrome

43. Meniere's disease

44. neurosis

45. sciatica

46. trigeminal neuralgia

Acute Poisoning

47. acute poisoning

48. organic phosphate insecticide poisoning

Reference: Western Medicine Internal Medicine Foundations (for Chinese medicine,

acupuncture and tui-na specializations), 1986, by Yin Fengli et al, Shanghai Science and

Technology Publishing House

Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and

Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level

Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 6


Appendix 6 – Common Drugs

Efferent Nervous System Pharmacology

1. Adrenergic drugs (noradrenaline; isoproterenol; adrenaline; ephedrine; dopamine)

2. Antiadrenergic drugs (propranolol; acetabulol; atenolol; metoprolol)

3. Anticholinergic drugs (atropine)

4. Cholinergic drugs (pilocarpine; nicotine; pyridine; neostigmine)

Central Nervous System Pharmacology

5. Analgesic drugs (morphine; codeine; naloxone; dolantin; fentanyl; methadone;

pentazocine, oxycontin)

6. Antiepileptic & antiparkinsonism drugs (phenytoin; ethosuximide; valproate;

phenobarbital; clonazepam; levodopa)

7. Antipyretic analgesic drugs (aspirin; paracetamol; indomethacin; ibuprofen;

aminopyrine; phenylbutazone)

8. Central stimulants (caffeine; coramine; doxapram)

9. Psychotherapeutic drugs (chlorpromazine; haloperidol; imipramine; amitriptyline)

10. Sedative hypnotic drugs (benzodiazepines; barbituates)

11. Cannabis

Cardiovascular System Pharmacology

12. Antianginal drugs (nitroglycerin; beta blockers; dipyramidole; nifedipine)

13. Antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine; procainamide; lidocaine; phenytoin;

propranolol; amiodarone; verapamil)

14. Antihypertensive drugs (reserpine; beta blockers; prazosin; hydralazine;

hydrochlorothiazide; captopril)

15. Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)

16. Diuretic drugs (thiazides; furosemide; antisterone; spironolactone; triamterene;

mannitol)

17. Drugs for hyperlipidemia (clofibrate; nicotinic acid; cholestyramine)

Respiration, Gastrointestinal, Hematologic and Uterine Pharmacology

18. Drugs for gastrointestinal tract disorders (antacids; H2 receptor antagonists;

magnesium sulfate; irritant laxatives; diphenoxylate; loperamide)

19. Drugs for respiratory tract disorders (salbutamol; aminophylline; beclomethasone)

20. Hematologic and hemapoetic drugs (heparin; dicoumarol; warfarin; aspirin;

vitamin K; ferrous sulfate; folic acid; vitamin B12)

21. Uterine stimulant drugs (oxytocin; ergot; prostaglandins)

Endocrine Pharmacology

22. Adrenal steroids and related drugs (cortisone; hydroxycortisone; prednisone;

prednisolone; dexamethasone)

23. Drugs for diabetes mellitus (insulin; tolbutamide; metformin)

24. Drugs for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (thyroxine; triiodothyronine;

methylthiouracil; carbimazole)

25. Endogenous peptides and their antagonists (histamine; diphenhydramine;

cimetidine; prostaglandin; 5-HT; methsergide; angiotensin)


Chemotherapy

26. Antibacterial drugs (penicillins; cephalosporins; erythromycin; clindamycin;

aminoglycosides; tetracyclines; chloramphenicol)

27. Antimycotic & antiviral drugs (griseofulvin; amphotericin B; nystatin;

clotrimazole; amantadine)

28. Antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide; methotrexate; mercaptopurine;

fluorouracil; hydroxyurea; bleomycin; vincristine; colchicine)

29. Antiparasitic drugs (chloroquinine; primaquine; pyrimethamine; piperazine;

pyrantel; mebendazole)

30. Antituberculotic drugs (isoniazid; streptomycin; rifampicin; ethambutol;

pyrazinamide)

31. Sulfonamides & other drugs (sulfisoxazole; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole;

sulfamidine; phthalylsulfathiazole; sulfacetamide; silver sulfadiazine; sulfamylon;

trimethoprim; furantoin)

Reference: Pharmacology (for Chinese medicine, Chinese herbology specializations),

1984, by Wang Qinmao et al, Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House





Appendix 7 – TCM Herbs list

Materia Medica (Pin-yin, Chinese and Botanical name) 292 Total

A

1. Ai Ye 艾葉 Folium Artemisiae Argyi

B

2. Ba Ji Tian 巴戟天 Radix Morindae Officinalis

3. Bai Bian Dou 白扁豆 Semen Dolichoris Album

4. Bai Bu 百部 Radix Stemonae

5. Bai Dou Kou 白豆蔻 Fructus Amomi Rotundus

6. Bai Fu Zi 白附子 Rhizoma Typhonii

7. Bai Guo 白果 Semen Ginkgo

8. Bai He 百合 Bulbus Lilli

9. Bai Hua She Cao 白花蛇舌草 Herba Hedyotis Diffusae

10. Bai Ji 白芨 Rhizoma Bletillae

11. Bai Ji Li/Ci Ji Li 白蒺藜/刺蒺藜 Fructus Tribuli

12. Bai Jiang Cao 敗醬草 Herba Patriniae

13. Bai Jie Zi 白芥子 Semen Sinapis Albae

14. Bai Mao Gen 白茅根 Rhizoma Imperatae

15. Bai Qian 白前 Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii

16. Bai Shao 白芍 Radix Paeoniae Alba

17. Bai Tou Weng 白頭翁 Radix Pulsatillae

18. Bai Wei 白薇 Radix Cynanchi Atrati

19. Bai Xian Pi 白蘚皮 Cortex Dictamni Radicis

20. Bai Zhi 白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae

21. Bai Zhu 白朮 Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

22. Ban Lan Gen 板藍根 Radix Isatidis

23. Ban Xia 半夏 Rhizoma Pinelliae

24. Bei Xie 萆薢 Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae

25. Bian Xu 萹蓄 Herba Polygoni Avicularis

26. Bie Jia 鱉甲 Carapax Trionycis

27. Bin Lang 檳榔 Semen Arecae

28. Bo He 薄荷 Herba Menthae

29. Bo/Bai Zi Ren 柏子仁 Semen Biotae

30. Bu Gu Zhi 補骨脂 Fructus Psoraleae

C

31. Can Sha 蠶砂 Faeces Bombycis

32. Cang Er Zi 蒼耳子 Fructus Xanthii


33. Cang Zhu 蒼朮 Rhizoma Atractylodis

34. Cao Dou Kou 草豆蔻 Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai

35. Cao Guo 草果 Fructus Tsaoko

36. Ce Bo Ye 側柏葉 Cacumen Biotae

37. Chai Hu 柴胡 Radix Bupleuri

38. Chan Tui 蟬蛻 Periostracum Cicadae

39. Che Qian Zi 車前子 Semen Plantaginis

40. Chen Xiang 沈香 Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum

41. Chi Shao Yao 赤芍藥 Radix Paeoniae Rubra

42. Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂 Halloysitum Rubrum

43. Chi Xiao Dou 赤小豆 Semen Phaseoli

44. Chuan Bei Mu 川貝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae

45. Chuan Lian Zi 川楝子 Fructus Meliae Toosendan

46. Chuan Xiong 川芎 Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong

47. Ci Shi 磁石 Magnetitum

D

48. Da Fu Pi 大腹皮 Pericarpium Arecae

49. Da Huang 大黃 Radix et Rhizoma Rhei

50. Da Ji 大薊 Radix Cirsii Japonici

51. Da Qing Ye 大青葉 Folium Isatidis

52. Da Zao 大棗 Fructus Ziziphi Jujibae

53. Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石 Haematitum

54. Dan Dou Shi/Chi 淡豆豉 Semen Sojae Praeparatum

55. Dan Shen 丹參 Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae

56. Dan Zhu Ye 淡竹葉 Herba Lophatheri

57. Dang Gui 當歸 Radix Angelicae Sinensis

58. Dang Shen 黨參 Radix Condonopsis Pilosulae

59. Di Fu Zi 地膚子 Fructus Kochiae

60. Di Gu Pi 地骨皮 Cortex Lycii Radicis

61. Di Long 地龍 Lumbricus

62. Di Yu 地榆 Radix Sanguisorbae

63. Ding Xiang 丁香 Flos Caryophylli

64. Dong Chong Xia Cao 冬蟲夏草 Cordyceps

65. Dong Gua Pi 冬瓜皮 Exocarpium Benincasae

66. Du Huo 獨活 Radix Angelicae Pubescentis

67. Du Zhong 杜仲 Cortex Eucommiae

E

68. E Jiao 阿膠 Colla Corii Asini

69. E Zhu 莪朮 Rhizoma Zedoariae


F

70. Fan Xie Ye 番瀉葉 Folium Sennae

71. Fang Feng 防風 Radix Ledebouriellae

72. Fen Fang Ji 粉防己 Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae

73. Feng Mi 蜂蜜 Mel

74. Fo Shou 佛手 Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis

75. Fu Ling 茯苓 Poria

76. Fu Pen Zi 覆盆子 Fructus Rubi

77. Fu Xiao Mai 浮小麥 Fructus Tritici Levis

78. Fu Zi 附子 Radix Aconiti Praeparata

G

79. Gan Cao 甘草 Radix Glycyrrhizae

80. Gan Jiang 乾薑 Rhizoma Zingiberis

81. Gao Ben 藳本 Rhizoma Ligustici

82. Gao Liang Jiang 高良薑 Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum

83. Ge Gen 葛根 Radix Puerariae

84. Ge Jie 蛤蚧 Gecko

85. Gou Ji 狗脊 Rhizoma Cibotii

86. Gou Qi Zi 枸杞子 Fructus Lycii

87. Gou Teng 鉤藤 Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis

88. Gu Sui Bu 骨碎補 Rhizoma Drynariae

89. Gua Lou 瓜蔞 Fructus Trichosanthis

90. Guang Fang Ji 廣防己 Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi

91. Gui Ban 龜板 Plastrum Testudinis

92. Gui Zhi 桂枝 Ramulus Cinnamomi

H

93. Hai Fu Shi 海浮石 Pumex

94. Hai Ge Ke 海蛤殼 Concha Cyclinae

95. Hai Jin Sha 海金沙 Spora Lygodii

96. Hai Zao 海藻 Sargassum

97. Han Lian Cao 旱蓮草 Herba Ecliptae

98. He Huan Pi 合歡皮 Cortex Albizziae

99. He Shou Wu 何首烏 Radix Polygoni Multiflori

100. He Zi 訶子 Fructus Chebulae

101. Hei Zhi Ma 黑芝麻 Semen Sesami Nigrum

102. Hong Hua 紅花 Flos Carthami

103. Hong Teng 紅藤 Caulis Sargentodoxae

104. Hou Po 厚朴 Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis

105. Hu Huang Lian 胡黃連 Rhizoma Picrorhizae


106. Hu Jiao 胡椒 Fructus Piperis Nigri

107. Hu Po 琥珀 Succinum

108. Hu Tao Rou 胡桃肉 Semen Juglandis

109. Hua Jiao 花椒 Pericarpium Zanthoxyli

110. Hua Shi 滑石 Talcum

111. Huai Hua 槐花 Flos Sophorae

112. Huang Bo/Bai 黃柏 Cortex Phellodendri

113. Huang Jing 黃精 Rhizoma Polygonati

114. Huang Lian 黃連 Rhizoma Coptidis

115. Huang Qi 黃耆 Radix Astragali seu Hedysari

116. Huang Qin 黃芩 Radix Scutellariae

117. Huo Ma Ren 火麻仁 Fructus Cannabis

118. Huo Xiang 藿香 Herba Pogostemonis

J

119. Ji Nei Jin 雞內金 Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli

120. Ji Xue Teng 雞血藤 Caulis Spatholobi

121. Jiang Can 僵蠶 Bombyx Batryticatus

122. Jiang Huang 薑黃 Rhizoma Curcumae Longae

123. Jiang Xiang 降香 Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae

124. Jie Geng 桔梗 Radix Platycodi

125. Jin Qian Cao 金錢草 Herba Lysimachiae

126. Jin Yin Hua 金銀花 Flos Lonicerae

127. Jin Ying Zi 金櫻子 Fructus Rosae Laevigatae

128. Jing Jie 荊芥 Herba Schizonepetae

129. Ju Hua 菊花 Flos Chrysanthemi

130. Ju Pi/Chen Pi 橘皮/陳皮 Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae

131. Jue Ming Zi 決明子 Semen Cassiae

K

132. Ku Lian Pi 苦楝皮 Cortex Meliae

133. Ku Shen 苦參 Radix Sophorae Flavescentis

134. Kuan Dong Hua 款冬花 Flos Farfarae

135. Kun Bu 昆布 Thallus Laminariae Eckloniae

L

136. Lai Fu Zi 萊菔子 Semen Raphani

137. Li Zhi He 荔枝核 Semen Litchi

138. Lian Qiao 連翹 Fructus Forsythiae

139. Lian Zi 蓮子 Semen Nelumbinis

140. Ling Zhi 靈芝 Ganoderma lucidum


141. Liu Ji Nu 劉寄奴 Herba Artemisiae Anomalae

142. Long Dan Cao 龍膽草 Radix Gentianae

143. Long Gu 龍骨 Os Draconis

144. Long Yan Rou 龍眼肉 Arillus Longan

145. Lu Feng Fang 露蜂房 Nidus Vespae

146. Lu Gan Shi 爐甘石 Calamina

147. Lu Gen 蘆根 Rhizoma Phargmitis

148. Lu Hui 蘆薈 Aloe

149. Lu Rong 鹿茸 Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum

M

150. Ma Huang 麻黃 Herba Ephedrae

151. Ma Huang Gen 麻黃根 Radix Ephedrae

152. Mai Men Dong 麥門冬 Radix Ophiopogonis

153. Mai Ya 麥芽 Fructus Hordei Germinatus

154. Man Jing Zi 蔓荊子 Fructus Viticis

155. Mang Chong 牤蟲 Tanabus

156. Mang Xiao 芒硝 Natrii Sulfas

157. Ming Fan 明礬 Alumen

158. Mo Yao 沒藥 Myrrha

159. Mu Dan Pi 牡丹皮 Cortex Moutan Radicis

160. Mu Gua 木瓜 Fructus Chaenomelis

161. Mu Li 牡蠣 Concha Ostreae

162. Mu Tong 木通 Caulis Akebiae

163. Mu Xiang 木香 Radix Aucklandiae

N

164. Nan Gua Zi 南瓜子 Semen Cucurbitae

165. Niu Bang Zi 牛蒡子 Fructus Arctii

166. Niu Xi 牛膝 Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

167. Nu Zhen Zi 女貞子 Fructus Ligustri Lucidi

O

168. Ou Jie 藕節 Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis

P

169. Pei Lan 佩蘭 Herba Eupatorii

170. Pi Pa Ye 枇杷葉 Folium Eruobotryae

171. Pu Gong Ying 蒲公英 Herba Taraxaci

172. Pu Huang 蒲黃 Pollen Typhae


Q

173. Qian Cao 茜草 Radix Rubiae

174. Qian Hu 前胡 Radix Peucedani

175. Qian Shi 芡實 Semen Euryales

176. Qiang Huo 羌活 Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii

177. Qin Jiao 秦艽 Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae

178. Qin Pi 秦皮 Cortex Fraxini

179. Qing Dai 青黛 Indigo Naturalis

180. Qing Hao 青蒿 Herba Artemisiae Annuae

181. Qing Pi 青皮 Pericarppium Citri Reticulatae Viride

182. Qu Mai 瞿麥 Herba Dianthi

183. Quan Xie 全蠍 Scorpio

R

184. Ren Shen 人參 Radix Ginseng

185. Rou Cong Rong 肉蓯蓉 Herba Cistanches

186. Rou Dou Kou 肉豆蔻 Semen Myristicae

187. Rou Gui 肉桂 Cortex Cinnamomi

188. Ru Xiang 乳香 Olibanum

S

189. San Leng 三棱 Rhizoma Sparganii

190. San Qi 三七 Radix Notoginseng

191. Sang Bai Pi 桑白皮 Cortex Mori Radicis

192. Sang Ji Sheng 桑寄生 Ramulus Taxilli

193. Sang Piao Xiao 桑螵蛸 Ootheca Mantidis

194. Sang Shen 桑椹 Fructus Mori

195. Sang Ye 桑葉 Folium Mori

196. Sang Zhi 桑枝 Ramulus Mori

197. Sha Ren 砂仁 Fructus Amomi

198. Sha Shen 沙參 Radix Glehniae

199. Sha Yuan Zi/Tong Ji Li 沙苑子/潼蒺藜 Semen Astragali Complanati

200. Shan Yao 山藥 Rhizoma Dioscoreae

201. Shan Zha 山楂 Fructus Crataegi

202. Shan Zhu Yu 山茱萸 Fructus Corni

203. She Chuang Zi 蛇床子 Fructus Cnidii

204. She Gan / Ye Gan 射干 Rhizoma Belamcandae

205. Shen Qu 神麴 Massa Medicara Fermentata

206. Sheng Di Huang 生地黃 Radix Rehmanniae

207. Sheng Jiang 生薑 Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens

208. Sheng Ma 升麻 Rhizoma Cimicifugae


209. Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲 Rhizoma Acori Graminei

210. Shi Di 柿蒂 Calyx Kaki

211. Shi Gao 石膏 Gypsum Fibrosum

212. Shi Hu 石斛 Herba Dendrobii

213. Shi Jue Ming 石決明 Concha Haliotidis

214. Shi Jun Zi 使君子 Fructus Quisqualis

215. Shi Liu Pi 石榴皮 Pericarpium Granati

216. Shi Wei 石葦 Folium Pyrrosiae

217. Shu Di Huang 熟地黃 Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata

218. Shui Zhi 水蛭 Hirudo

219. Si Gua Luo 絲瓜絡 Vascularis Luffae Fasciculus

220. Su Mu 蘇木 Ligum Sappan

221. Su Zi/Zi Su Zi 蘇子 Fructus Perillae

222. Suan Zao Ren 酸棗仁 Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

223. Suo Yang 鎖陽 Herba Cynomorii

T

224. Tai Zi Shen 太子參 Radix Pseudostellariae

225. Tan Xiang 檀香 Lignum Santali Albi

226. Tao Ren 桃仁 Semen Persicae

227. Tian Hua Fen 天花粉 Radix Trichosanthis

228. Tian Ma 天麻 Rhizoma Gastrodiae

229. Tian Men Dong 天門冬 Radix Asparagi

230. Tian Nan Xing 天南星 Rhizoma Arisaematis

231. Ting Li Zi 葶藶子 Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae

232. Tong Cao 通草 Medulla Tetrapanacis

233. Tu Si Zi 菟蕬子 Semen Cuscutae

W

234. Wa Leng Zi 瓦楞子 Concha Arcae

235. Wang Bu Liu Xing 王不留行 Semen Vaccariae

236. Wei Ling Xian 威靈仙 Radix Clematidis

237. Wu Bei Zi 五倍子 Galla Chinensis

238. Wu Gong 蜈蚣 Scolopendra

239. Wu Jia Pi 五加皮 Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis

240. Wu Ling Zhi 五靈脂 Faeces Trogopterori

241. Wu Mei 烏梅 Fructus Mume

242. Wu Wei Zi 五味子 Fructus Schisandrae

243. Wu Yao 烏藥 Radix Linderae

244. Wu Zei Gu/Hai Piao Xiao 烏賊骨/海螵蛸 Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae

245. Wu Zhu Yu 吳茱萸 Fructus Evodiae


X

246. Xi Xin 細辛 Herba Asari

247. Xi Yang Shen 西洋參 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii

248. Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 Spica Prunellae

249. Xian He Cao 仙鶴草 Herba Agrimoniae

250. Xian Mao 仙茅 Rhizoma Curculiginis

251. Xiang Fu 香附 Rhizoma Cyperi

252. Xiang Ru 香薷 Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae

253. Xiao Hui Xiang 小茴香 Frictus Foeniculi

254. Xiao Ji 小薊 Herba Cephalanoploris

255. Xie Bai 薤白 Bulbus Allii Macrostemi

256. Xie/Xue Jie 血竭 Resina Draconis

257. Xin Yi 辛夷 Flos Magnoliae

258. Xing Ren 杏仁 Semen Armeniacae Amarum

259. Xu Duan 續斷 Radix Dipsaci

260. Xuan Fu Hua 旋覆花 Flos Inulae

261. Xuan Shen 玄參 Radix Scrophulari

262. Xie/Xue Yu Tan 血餘炭 Crinis Carbonisatus

Y

263. Yan Hu Suo 延胡索 Rhizoma Corydalis

264. Ye Jiao Teng 夜交藤 Caulis Polygoni Multiflori

265. Yi Mu Cao 益母草 Herba Leonuri

266. Yi Ren 薏苡仁 Semen Coicis

267. Yi Zhi Ren 益智仁 Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae

268. Yin Chai Hu 銀柴胡 Radix Stellariae

269. Yin Chen Hao 茵陳蒿 Herba Artemisiae Scopariae

270. Yin Yang Huo 淫羊藿 Herba Epimedii

271. Yu Jin 郁金 Radix Curcumae

272. Yu Li Ren 郁李仁 Semen Pruni

273. Yu Mi Xu 玉米鬚 Stigma Maydis

274. Yu Xing Cao 魚腥草 Herba Houttuyniae

275. Yu Zhu 玉竹 Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati

276. Yuan Zhi 遠志 Radix Polygalae

Z

277. Zao Jiao Ci 皂角刺 Spina Gleditsiae

278. Ze Xie 澤瀉 Rhizoma Alismatis

279. Zhe Bei Mu 浙貝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii

280. Zhe Chong 蟅蟲 Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga

281. Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母 Concha Margartifera Usta


282. Zhi Ke 枳殼 Fructus Aurantii

283. Zhi Mu 知母 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae

284. Zhi Shi 枳實 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus

285. Zhi Zi 梔子 Fructus Gardeniae

286. Zhu Ling 豬苓 Polyporus Umbellatus

287. Zhu Ru 竹茹 Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam

288. Zi Cao 紫草 Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi

289. Zi Hua Di Ding 紫花地丁 Herba Violae

290. Zi Su Ye 紫蘇葉 Folium Perillae

291. Zi Wan 紫菀 Radix Asteris

292. Zong Lu Tan 棕櫚炭 Traachycarpi Carbonisatus





Appendix 8 –TCM Herbal Formula list – 172 Total

Please Note: Some formulas may contain ingredients that are endangered or extinct

and per the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora (CITES5) must not be used. Their listing here, and learning of

these formulas is for historical purposes and any practical use of such formulas or

ingredient should be adjusted and substitutions used where appropriate.

1. Formulas for relieving superficial syndrome (Jie Biao Ji 解表劑) (8)

1-1 Formula for relieving superficial syndrome with pungent and warm 辛溫解表 (4)

Ma Huang Tang Ephedra Decoction 麻黃湯

Gui Zhi Tang Cinnamon Twig Decoction 桂枝湯

Xiao Qing Long Tang Minor Blue-green Dragon Decoction 小青龍湯

Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang Nine-herb Decoction with

Notopterygium 九味羌活湯

1-2 Relieving superficial syndrome with pungent and cool 辛涼解表 (3)

Yin Qiao San Honeysuckle and Forsythia powder 銀翹散

Sang Ju Yin Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum

Decoction 桑菊飲

Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and

Licorice Decoction 麻杏石甘湯

1-3 Relieving superficial syndrome with tonics 扶正解表 (1)

Bai Du San Toxin-Vanquishing Powder 敗毒散

2. Formulas for purgation (Xie Xia Ji 瀉下劑) (7)

2-1 Purging with cold energy herbs 寒下 (3)

Da Cheng Qi Tang Major Order the Qi Decoction 大承氣湯

Xiao Cheng Qi Tang Minor Order the Qi Decoction 小承氣湯

Tiao Wei Cheng Qi

Tang

Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi

Decoction 調胃承氣湯

2-2 Purging with warm energy herbs 溫下 (2)

Wen Pi Tang

Warm the Spleen Decoction 溫脾湯

Da Huang Fu Zi Tang Rhubarb and Prepared Aconite Decoction 大黃附子湯

2-3 Purging with moistening/lubricating herbs 潤下 (2)

Ma Zi Ren Wan Hemp Seed Pill 麻子仁丸

Ji Chuan Jian Benefit the River (Flow) Decoction 濟川煎

5 https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php & https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php

https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php


3. Formulas for harmonizing (He Jie Ji和解劑) (6)

3-1 Harmonizing Shao yang 和解少陽 (2)

Xiao Chai Hu Tang Minor Bupleurum Decoction 小柴胡湯

Hao Qin Qing Dan

Tang

Artemisia Annua and Scutellaria Decoction

to Clear 蒿芩清膽湯

3-2 Harmonizing Liver and Spleen 和解肝脾 (3)

Si Ni San Minor Bupleurum Decoction 四逆散

Xiao Yao san Rambling powder 逍遙散

Tong Xie Yao Fang Important Formula for Painful Diarrhea 痛瀉要方

3-3 Harmonizing Stomach and Spleen 和解脾胃 (1)

Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium 半夏瀉心湯

4. Formulas for clearing heat (Qing Re Ji清熱劑) (25)

4-1 Clear the heat in Qi portion/level 清氣分熱 (2)

Bai Hu Tang White Tiger Decoction 白虎湯

Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction 竹葉石膏湯

4-2 Clear heat in the ying & blood portion/level 清血分熱 (2)

Qing Ying Tang Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction 清營湯

Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia

Decoction 犀角地黃湯

4-3 Clear the heat and detoxify 清熱解毒 (3)

Liang Ge San Cool the Diaphragm Powder 涼膈散

Huang Lian Jie Du Tang Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity 黃連解毒湯

Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin Benefit Decoction to Eliminate Toxin 普濟消毒飲

4-4 Clear heat in both the Qi and blood 氣血兩清 (1)

Qing Wen Bai Du San Clear Epidemics and overcome Pathogenic

Influences Decoction6

清瘟敗毒散

4-5 Clear heat in the Zang-fu (organ network) 清臟腑熱 (9)

Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Gentiana Long Gan Cao Decoction to Drain

the Liver 龍膽瀉肝湯

Zuo Jin Wan Left Metal pill 左金丸

Yu Nu Jian Jade Woman Decoction 玉女煎

Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei

Tang

Descurainia and Jujube Decoction 葶藶大棗瀉

肺湯

Shao Yao Tang Peony Decoction 芍藥湯

Dao Chi San Guide Out the Red powder 導赤散

Xie Bai San Drain the White powder 瀉白散

6 Original PCE Doc name was blank name pulled from Chen & Chen Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications


Qing Wei San Clear the Stomach powder 清胃散

Bai Tou Weng Tang Pulsatilla Decoction 白頭翁湯

4-6 Clear the deficient heat 清虛熱 (4)

Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Artemisia Annua and Soft-Shelled Turtle

Shell Deco 青蒿鱉甲湯

Qin Jiao Bie Jia San Gentiana Qinjiao and Soft-Shelled Turtle

Shell Powder 秦艽鱉甲散

Qing Gu San Cool the Bones Powder 清骨散

Dang Gui Liu Huang

Tang

Tangkuei and Six-yellow Decoction 當歸六黃湯

4-7 Clear the summer-heat 清暑熱 (4)

Liu Yi San Six to One Powder 六一散

Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang Clear Summer-heat and Augment the Qi

Decoction 清暑益氣湯

Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin Newly Augment Mosla Drink 新加香薷飲

Qing Luo Yin Clear the Collaterals Decoction 清絡飲

5. Formulas for warming interior 溫裏劑 (8)

5-1 Warm up interior and expel cold 溫中袪寒 (4)

Li Zhong Wan Regulate the Middle Pill 理中丸

Xiao Jian Zhong Tang Minor Construct the Middle Decoction 小建中湯

Wu Zhu Yu Tang Evodia Decoction 吳茱萸湯

Da Jian Zhong Tang Major Construct the Middle Decoction 大建中湯

5-2 Restore yang and save critical (reverse counterflow) 回陽救逆 (2)

Si Ni Tang Frigid Extremities Decoction 四逆湯

Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang Restore and Revive the Yang Decoction

from Revised Popular Guide 回陽救急湯

5-3 Warm up channels and disperse cold 溫經散寒 (2)

Dang Gui Si Ni Tang Tangkuei Decoction for Frigid Extremities 當歸四逆湯

Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu

Tang

Astragalus and Cinnamon Twig Five-

Substance Decoction 黃耆桂枝五

物湯

6. Formulas for relieving interior-exterior 表裏雙解劑 (4)

Da Chai Hu Tang Major Bupleurum Decoction 大柴胡湯

Fang Feng Tong Sheng

San

Ledebouriella Powder that Sagely Unblocks 防風通聖散

Ge Gen Huang Qin

Huang Lian Tang

Kudzu, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction 葛根黃芩黃

連湯

Wu Ji San Five Accumulation Powder 五積散


7. Formulas for tonifying 補益劑 (18)

7-1 Qi tonic 補氣 (4)

Si Jun Zi Tang Four Gentleman Decoction 四君子湯

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes

Macrocephala Powder 參苓白朮散

Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi

Decoction 補中益氣湯

Sheng Mai San Generate the Pulse powder 生脈散

7-2 Blood tonic 補血 (4)

Si Wu Tang Four-Substance Decoction 四物湯

Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Tangkuei Decoction to Tonify the Blood 當歸補血湯

Gui Pi Tang Restore the Spleen Decoction 歸脾湯

Zhi Gan Cao Tang Honey-Fried Licorice Decoction 炙甘草湯

7-3 Both Qi and blood tonic 氣血雙補 (3)

Ba Zhen Tang Eight Treasure Decoction 八珍湯

Shi Quan Da Bu Tang All-Inclusive Great Tonifying Decoction 十全大補湯

Ren Shen Yang Rong

(Ying) Tang

Ginseng Decoction to Nourish the Nutritive

Qi 人參養榮(營

)湯

7-4 Yin tonic 補陰 (4)

Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia 六味地黃丸

Da Bu Yin Wan Great Tonify the Yin Pill 大補陰丸

Yi Guan Jian Linking Decoction 一貫煎

Zuo Gui Wan Restore the Left (Kidney) Pill 左歸丸

7-5 Yang tonic 補陽 (3)

Jin Kui Shen Qi Wan Kidney Qi Pill 金匱腎氣丸

Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan Kidney Qi Pill from Formulas to Aid the

Living 濟生腎氣丸

You Gui Wan Restore the Right (Kidney) Pill 右歸丸

8. Formulas for tranquilization 安神劑 (6)

8-1 Tranquilizing the mind with heavy and compressing 重鎮安神 (2)

Zhu Sha An Shen Wan Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit 硃砂安神丸

Ci Zhu Wan Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill 磁硃丸

8-2 Tranquilizing the mind with nourishing 滋養安神 (4)

Suan Zao Ren Tang Sour Jujube Decoction 酸棗仁湯

Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan Emperor of Heaven's Special Pill to Tonify

the Heart 天王補心丹

Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan Biota Seed Pill to Nourish the Heart 柏子養心丸

Gan Mai Da Zao Tang Licorice Wheat and Jujube Decoction 甘麥大棗湯


9. Formulas for astringing 固澀劑 (6)

Yu Ping Feng San Jade Windscreen powder 玉屏風散

Si Shen Wan Four-Miracle Pill 四神丸

Mu Li San Oyster Shell Powder 牡蠣散

Jin Suo Gu Jing Wan Metal Lock pill to Stabilize the Essence 金鎖固精丸

Zhen Ren Yang Zang

Tang

True Man's Decoction to Nourish the

Organs 真人養臟湯

Sang Piao Xiao San Mantis Egg-Case powder 桑螵蛸散

10. Formulas for regulating Qi 理氣劑 (10)

10-1 Improving Qi circulation 行氣 (5)

Yue Ju Wan Escape Restraint Pill 越鞠丸

Ban Xia Hou Po Tang Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction 半夏厚朴湯

Zhi Shi Xie Bai Gui Zhi

Tang

Unripe Bitter Orange, Chinese Garlic, and

Cinnamon Twig Decoction 枳實薤白桂

枝湯

Hou Po Wen Zhong

Tang

Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the

Middle 厚朴溫中湯

Tian Tai Wu Yao San Top-Quality Lindera Powder 天台烏藥散

10-2 Bring Qi downward 降氣 (5)

Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang Perilla Fruit Decoction for Directing Qi

Downward 蘇子降氣湯

Ding Chuan Tang Arrest Wheezing Decoction 定喘湯

Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang Inula and Hematite Decoction 旋覆代赭湯

Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings

Decoction 橘皮竹茹湯

Ding Xiang Shi Di

Tang

Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction 丁香柿蒂湯

11. Formulas for regulating blood 理血劑 (12)

11-1 Improve blood circulation and remove blood stagnation 活血袪瘀 (7)

Tao He Cheng Qi Tang Peach Pit Decoction to Order the Qi 桃核承氣湯

Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang Drive Out Stasis in the Mansion of Blood

Decoction 血府逐瘀湯

Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang Revive health by Invigorate the blood

Decoction 復元活血湯

Bu Yang Huan Wu

Tang

Tonify the Yang to Restore Five (Tenths)

Decoction 補陽還五湯

Sheng Hua Tang Generating and Transforming Decoction 生化湯

Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan Cinnamon and Poria Pills 桂枝茯苓丸

Shi Xiao San Sudden Smile Powder 失笑散

11-2 Stop bleeding 止血 (5)

Xiao Ji Yin Zi Small Thistle Drink 小薊飲子


Shi Hui San Ten Partially-Charred Substances Powder 十灰散

Ke Xue Fang Coughing of Blood Formula 咳血方

Huang Tu Tang Yellow Earth Decoction 黃土湯

Huai Hua San Sophora Japonica Flower Powder 槐花散

12. Formulas for treating wind related diseases 治風劑 (10)

12-1 Expel external wind 疏散外風 (5)

Xiao Feng San Eliminate Wind Powder 消風散

Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao

San

Ligusticum Chuanxiong Powder to Be

Taken with Green Tea 川芎茶調散

Cang Er Zi San Xanthium Powder 蒼耳子散

Qian Zheng San Lead to Symmetry Powder 牽正散

Xiao Huo Luo Dan Minor Invigorate the Channels Special Pill 小活絡

丹

12-2 Distinguish internal wind 平熄內風 (5)

Ling Jiao Gou Teng

Tang

Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction 羚角鉤藤湯

Zhen Gan Xi Feng

Tang

Sedate the Liver and Extinguish Wind

Decoction 鎮肝熄風湯

Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction 天麻鉤藤飲

Da Ding Feng Zhu Major Arrest Wind Pearl 大定風珠

Di Huang Yin Zi Rehmannia Drink 地黃飲子

13. Formulas for treating dryness diseases 治燥劑 (8)

Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang Eliminate Dryness and Rescue the Lung

Decoction 清燥救肺湯

Xing Su San Apricot Kernel and Perilla Leaf Powder 杏蘇散

Sang Xing Tang Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel

Decoction 桑杏湯

Mai Men Dong Tang Ophiopogonis Decoction 麥門冬湯

Bai He Gu Jin Tang Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal 百合固金湯

Yu Ye Tang Jade Fluid Decoction 玉液湯

Zeng Ye Tang Increase the Fluids Decoction 增液湯

Yang Yin Qing Fei

Tang

Nourish the Yin and Clear the Lungs

Decoction 養陰清肺湯

14. Formulas for eliminating dampness 袪濕劑 (17)

Ping Wei San Calm the Stomach Powder 平胃散

Huo Xiang Zheng Qi

San

Agastache Powder to Rectify the Qi 藿香正氣散

Yin Chen Hao Tang Artemisiae Yinchenhao Decoction 茵陳蒿湯

Ba Zheng San Eight Herb Powder for Rectification 八正散


San Ren Tang Three Seed Decoction 三仁湯

Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin 甘露消毒丹

Er Miao San Two-Marvel Powder 二妙散

Wu Ling San Five-Ingredient Formula with Poria 五苓散

Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang Stephania and Astragalus Decoction 防己黃耆湯

Zhu Ling Tang Polyporus Decoction 豬苓湯

Wu Pi Yin Five Peel Decoction 五皮飲

Zhen Wu Tang True Warrior Decoction 真武湯

Shi Pi Yin Bolster the Spleen Decoction 實脾飲

Bei Xie Fen Qing Yin Dioscorea Hypoglauca Decoction to

Separate the Clear 萆薢分清飲

Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes and

Licorice Decoction 苓桂朮甘湯

Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang Angelica Pubescentis and Taxillus

Decoction 獨活寄生湯

Qiang Huo Sheng Shi

Tang

Notopterygium Decoction to Overcome

Dampness 羌活勝濕湯

15. Formulas for eliminating phlegm 袪痰劑 (11)

15-1 Dissolve phlegm and drying dampness 燥濕化痰 (2)

Er Chen Tang Decoction of Two Aged (Cured) Drugs 二陳湯

Wen Dan Tang Warm Gallbladder Decoction 溫膽湯

15-2 Dissolve phlegm and clear heat 清熱化痰 (3)

Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan Clear the Qi and Transform Phlegm Pill 清氣化痰湯

Xiao Xian Xiong Tang Minor Decoction (for Pathogens) Stuck in

the Chest 小陷胸湯

Gun Tan Wan Vaporize Phlegm Pill 滾痰湯

15-3 Dissolve phlegm and moisten dryness 潤燥化痰 (1)

Bei Mu Gua Lou San Fritillaria and Trichosanthis Fruit Powder 貝母瓜蔞散

15-4 Dissolve cold phlegm with warm herbs 溫化寒痰 (2)

Ling Gan Wu Wei

Jiang Xin Tang

Poria, Licorice, Schisandra, Ginger, and

Asarum Decoction 苓甘五味薑

辛湯

San Zi Yang Qin Tang Three Seed Decoction to Nourish One’s

Parents 三子養親湯

15-5 Dissolve phlegm and treat wind 治風化痰 (3)

Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian

Ma Tang

Pinellia, Atractylodes Macrocephala and

Gastrodia Decoction 半夏白朮天

麻湯

Ding Xian Wan Arrest Seizures Pill 定癇丸

Zhi Sou San Stop Coughing Powder 止嗽散

16. Formulas for improving digestion 消導劑 (7)

Bao He Wan Preserve Harmony Pill 保和丸


Jian Pi Wan Strengthen the Spleen Pill 健脾丸

Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan Unripe Bitter Orange Pill to Guide out

Stagnation 枳實導滯丸

Mu Xiang Bin Lang

Wan

Aucklandia and Betel Nut Pill 木香檳榔丸

Zhi Zhu Wan Unripe Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill 枳朮丸

Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan Unripe Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce Focal

Distention 枳實消痞丸

Bie Jia Jian Wan Soft Shelled Turtle Pill 鱉甲煎丸

17. Formulas for parasite diseases 驅蟲劑 (2)

Wu Mei Wan Mume Pill 烏梅丸

Fei Er Wan Fat Baby Pill 肥兒丸

18. Formulas for abscess (yong yang) 癰瘍劑 (7) Xian Fang Huo Ming

Yin

Immortals' Formula for Sustaining Life 仙方活命飲

Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Five Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate

Toxin 五味消毒飲

Yang He Tang Balmy Yang Decoction 陽和湯

Si Miao Yong An Tang Four-Valiant Decoction for Well Being 四妙勇安湯

Wei Jing Tang Reed Decoction 葦莖湯

Da Huang Mu Dan Pi

Tang

Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction 大黃牡丹皮

湯

Yi Fu Zi Bai Jiang San Coix, Aconite Accessory Root and Patrinia

Powder 薏苡附子敗

醬散





Appendix 9 – Recommended References for Alberta Acupuncture Registration

Exam

Please refer to Appendix A of current edition of the Candidate Handbook. At time of

printing, http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/examination/2018-CANDIDATE-

HANDBOOKv3.pdf

http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/examination/2018-CANDIDATE-HANDBOOKv3.pdf

http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/examination/2018-CANDIDATE-HANDBOOKv3.pdf

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