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MINI-LINK E and E Micro

Technical Description

MINI-LINK™


Technical Description

E

Copyright

© Ericsson Microwave Systems AB. All rights reserved. No parts of thispublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted inany form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording orotherwise, without prior permission of the publisher.

Disclaimer

The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due tocontinued progress in methodology, design, and manufacturing. Ericsson shallhave no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the useof this document.

If there is any conflict between this document and compliance statements, thelatter will supersede this document

AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Contents

1 Introduction 11.1 General 11.2 Applications 21.3 Main Features 51.4 Related Documents 6

2 Product Program 72.1 Introduction 72.2 MINI-LINK E 82.3 MINI-LINK E Micro 182.4 Network Management 20

3 MINI-LINK E 233.1 General 233.2 Radio Units 233.3 RAU1 (7-E and 8-E) 253.4 RAU1 (15-E, 18-E, 23-E, 26-E and 38-E) 303.5 RAU2 353.6 Access Module 403.7 AMM – Access Module Magazine 413.8 MMU – Modem Unit 433.9 SMU – Switch Multiplexer Unit 533.10 SAU – Service Access Unit 633.11 ETU – Ethernet Interface Unit 693.12 Traffic Routing 743.13 Upgrading 77

4 MINI-LINK E Micro 794.1 General 794.2 RTU – Radio Unit 794.3 Block Diagram 824.4 Modem Board 824.5 Microwave Unit 864.6 Filter Unit 88

AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


5 Antennas 895.1 Antenna Description 895.2 Antenna Installation 90

6 Management System 936.1 Operation and Maintenance Facilities 936.2 MSM – MINI-LINK Service Manager 1106.3 MINI-LINK Netman 111

7 Accessories 1137.1 RCB – Radio Connection Box 1137.2 MXU – MINI-LINK Cross-connect Unit 1157.3 DDU – DC Distribution Unit 1207.4 PSU – AC/DC Power Supply Unit 1227.5 Terminal Server 124

8 Technical Data 1258.1 System Parameters 1258.2 Antenna Data 1358.3 Environmental Requirements 1398.4 Power Supply 1408.5 Cables 1438.6 Interfaces 1478.7 ETU Data 1528.8 MXU Data 1528.9 Fan Unit Data 1548.10 DDU Data 1548.11 PSU Data 1548.12 Mechanical Data 1568.13 Management System Data 171

Glossary 175

Index 179

AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


1 Introduction

1.1 GeneralMINI-LINK E and MINI-LINK E Micro are product families for medium capacitypoint-to-point microwave transmission. The purpose of this description isto support the reader with detailed information on included products withaccessories, from technical and functional points of view.

For ordering information, please refer to the latest revision of the MINI-LINK Eand E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011).

You may also contact your Ericsson representative or the business manager foryour country at:

Ericsson Microwave Systems ABTransmission & Transport NetworksSE-431 84 Mölndal, SWEDENTelephone: +46 31 747 00 00Fax: +46 31 27 72 25

1.1.1 Revision Information

This revision of the MINI-LINK E and E Micro Technical Description includes theintroduction of the following:

• Ethernet Interface Unit (ETU)

• RAU2 for 28 GHz

• 1.8 m compact antennas

• Terminal server

Most of the technical description of MINI-LINK Netman in Section 6.3 on page111 has been transferred to Netman Technical Description (AE/LZT 110 5048).

1AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


1.2 ApplicationsMINI-LINK is a member of Ericsson’s large and extensive product portfolio fortelecommunications. The combined expertise of Ericsson, covering switching,cellular technology, radio and networking, provides excellent turnkey projectmanagement. MINI-LINK integrates fully with existing telecom networks, addingnew levels of flexibility. It has proved to be a reliable communication medium, ahighly competitive alternative to copper and fiber cable.

MINI-LINK E and E Micro provides point-to-point microwave transmission from2 up to 34+2 (17x2) Mbit/s, operating within the 7 to 38 GHz frequency bands.They are briefly described as follows:

• MINI-LINK E comprises an indoor access module and an outdoor radiounit with antenna. It offers flexibility and capacity at small sites as well aslarge multi-terminal sites. Terminals can be configured for different networktypes: star, tree or ring. For protection, they can be configured either as a1+1 system or as a ring structure.

• MINI-LINK E Micro is a compact all-outdoor terminal providing minimaltotal site cost, typically used at end sites together with other all-outdoorequipment.

A mobile transmission network is by far the most common application ofMINI-LINK E and E Micro, where they are deployed in the Low Capacity RadioAccess Network (LRAN).

5558

Switch site

Transmission hub site

Core Network

High Capacity RadioAccess Network(HRAN)

Low Capacity RadioAccess Network(LRAN)

MSC/MG

MSC/MG

BSC/RNC

HUB

HUBHUB

MSC - Mobile Switching CenterMG - Media Gateway

BSC - Base Station ControllerRNC - Radio Node Controller

Figure 1 A mobile transmission network

2 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Base station

MSCBSC

MINI-LINK

3503

Figure 2 Example of a mobile network, where MINI-LINK products connectradio base stations to switching centers

The figure below shows an example of how MINI-LINK E and E Micro can beused in different network topologies.

Ring

Star

Tree

MINI-LINK E

MINI-LINK E Micro

3500

Figure 3 Example of network topologies

3AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


The following figures show applications in a private and fixed network.

PBX

PBX

PBXPublicnetwork

3501

Figure 4 Example of a private network, where MINI-LINK products connectmajor sites

RSS

RSM

AXE

RSS

RSS

3502

Figure 5 Example of a fixed network using AXE systems, where remotesubscriber access units are connected to the network with MINI-LINK products

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1.3 Main Features

Technical features

• Extremely compact and integrated design

• The radio and antenna form an integrated outdoor part

• High system gain and spectrum utilization with an advanced modulationprocess and coding

• 2 to 17x2 (34+2) Mbit/s traffic capacity

• Software tool for easy installation

• Advanced element manager

• Standardized interfaces

• Low weight and power consumption

Reliability

• High Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

• Progress with backward compatibility

• Part of the Ericsson system portfolio

• 30 years’ experience of microwave transmission

• World’s largest production of microwave transmission systems

• MINI-LINK equipment can cope with extreme environments

Services

• Ericsson turnkey capability

• Customer training programs worldwide

• Total field maintenance services

• Ericsson local presence in more than 140 countries

5AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


1.4 Related DocumentsThis section gives an overview of some MINI-LINK E and E Micro relateddocuments. The documents can be ordered separately and can also bedownloaded from the Ericsson Intranet and customer Extranet portals.

MINI-LINK E and E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011)

The product catalog is intended to be an aid when compiling an order or justto give a more detailed overview of the products in the MINI-LINK E and EMicro product families.

Netman Technical Description (AE/LZT 110 5048)

The document describes the technical features of the element managementsystem Netman.

MINI-LINK E and E Micro Planning and Engineering Manual (EN/LZT 1102013)

The manual is used for planning and engineering of a MINI-LINK E and E Micronetwork.

6 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


2 Product Program

2.1 IntroductionA terminal is one side of a microwave radio link hop, between two geographicallocations. The networks of today contain both single terminal sites and morecomplex multi-terminal sites. MINI-LINK E and E Micro feature these types ofterminal configurations, further described in this chapter.

Antenna

Radio unit

MINI-LINK E Micro

Antenna

Radio unit

Access module

To operatorequipment

MINI-LINK E

To all-outdooroperator equipment

5500

Figure 6 Two examples of terminal configuration

7AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


2.2 MINI-LINK ESeveral MINI-LINK E terminals can be integrated into one common accessmodule. This enables extremely compact network sites as well as efficientsharing of resources between different terminals, such as multiplexers, servicechannel interfaces and support systems.

Traffic routing and re-routing within a network site can be performed with aminimum of external cables. Traffic routing is software configured during stationsetup.

Terminals can be configured for unprotected (1+0), protected (1+1) terminalsor ring protection.

Each terminal provides traffic capacity for up to 17x2 (34+2) Mbit/s.

3522

Figure 7 A MINI-LINK E multi-terminal site

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2.2.1 System Components

Antenna

Radio unit

Access module


3520

Figure 8 The main parts of a MINI-LINK E terminal

A MINI-LINK E terminal consists of an outdoor and indoor part. There are alsoa number of well-adapted accessories, both hardware and software.

Outdoor Part

The outdoor part is fully independent of traffic capacity and supplied for variousfrequency bands.

It consists of an antenna module, a Radio Unit (RAU) and associatedinstallation hardware. The antenna and the radio unit are either integrated orinstalled separately. For protected systems (1+1), two radio units and one ortwo antennas are used.

Indoor Part

The indoor part, the access module, is fully independent of frequency bandand supplied in different versions for various traffic capacities and systemconfigurations. It can support up to four radios.

It consists of a Modem Unit (MMU) and an optional Switch Multiplexer Unit(SMU), as well as an optional Service Access Unit (SAU), all housed in onecommon Access Module Magazine (AMM). For protected systems, two MMUsand one SMU are used.

The indoor part is connected to the outdoor part with a single coaxial cable(the radio cable).

For Ethernet traffic the optional ETU can be used, see Section 3.11 on page 69.

For ring protection the optional MINI-LINK Cross-connect Unit (MXU) can beused, see Section 7.2 on page 115.

9AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Antenna Radiounit

Access module

(SAU)MMUMMUSMUSMUMMUMMU

3507

Figure 9 A multi-terminal site

2.2.2 Outdoor Installation

The radio unit and the antenna are easily installed on a wide range of supportstructures.

The radio unit is fitted directly to the antenna as standard, integrated installation.The radio unit and the antenna can also be fitted separately and connected bya flexible waveguide.

In both cases, the antenna is easily aligned and the radio unit can bedisconnected and replaced without affecting the antenna alignment.

3519

Figure 10 The radio unit fitted directly to a 0.2 m compact antenna and a0.6 m compact antenna respectively

10 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3508

Figure 11 The radio unit and a 0.6 m compact antenna fitted separately

2.2.3 Indoor Installation

The indoor parts are fitted in 19" racks, in ETSI and BYB cabinets or directlyon the wall/desk. An access module consists of an Access Module Magazine(AMM) and a set of different plug-in units. The following AMMs for differentapplications are available as standard:

• AMM 1U for end terminals

• AMM 2U-3 for single or dual terminal sites, containing up to four plug-in units

• AMM 4U for more complex, multi-terminal sites, containing up to sevenplug-in units

The indoor part can be upgraded or reconfigured with plug-in units, providingsite flexibility.

The interconnection between the outdoor part (radio unit and antenna) andthe indoor part is a single coaxial cable carrying full duplex traffic, DC supplyvoltage, service traffic as well as operation and maintenance data.

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3514

Figure 12 The AMM 2U-3 for a maximum of four units

1234

Figure 13 The AMM 4U for a maximum of seven units

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2.2.4 Configurations

2.2.4.1 Unprotected Terminal (1+0)

As a minimum a 1+0 terminal consists of:

• RAU

• Antenna

• AMM 1U

• MMU

• Coaxial cable for interconnection

For traffic capacities 8x2, 17x2 and 4x8+2, an SMU is required. An SAU can beadded to the AMM to provide additional alarm and control interfaces, servicechannels and other customer specific applications.

MMU

AMM 1U

2x2, 4x2,8, 2x8 or34+2 Mbit/s

3510

Figure 14 1+0 configuration. The MMU can be installed in an AMM 1U(AMM 2U-3 if SAU is required).

4492

Figure 15 1+0 configuration for 8x2, 4x8+2 and 17x2 Mbit/s capacities

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2.2.4.2 Protected Terminal (1+1)

As a minimum, a 1+1 terminal consists of:

• Two RAUs

• Two antennas or one antenna with a power splitter

• One AMM 2U-3 (or AMM 4U) with two MMUs and one SMU

• Two coaxial cables for interconnection

4493

Figure 16 1+1 configuration requires an AMM 2U-3 (AMM 4U can be usedas an alternative)

An SAU can also be added to the AMM to provide additional alarm and controlinterfaces, service channels and other customer specific applications.

The radio units can be equipped with individual antennas or connected to acommon antenna. In the case of one common antenna, the two radio unitsare connected by waveguides to a power splitter, fitted on a single-polarizedantenna.

Automatic switching can be in hot standby or in working standby (frequencydiversity). Receiver switching in space diversity systems is hitless.

In hot standby mode, one transmitter is working while the other one is instandby (that is, not transmitting but ready to transmit if the active transmittermalfunctions). Both radio units are receiving signals. The MMU selects thebest signal according to an alarm priority list, connects it first to the SMU fordemultiplexing and then to external equipment. See Section 3.9.2.6 on page 58for further information about switching.

In working standby mode, both radio paths are active in parallel using differentfrequencies.

The 1+1 configuration should be considered for important and/or heavy trafficrequiring high availability, but also if there are severe reflections and/or harshatmospheric conditions.

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2.2.4.3 Configurations at Multi-terminal Sites

Several terminals can be integrated in the same indoor AMM. Differentconfigurations, traffic capacities and radio frequencies can be combined. A sitecan be upgraded easily by substituting and/or adding plug-in units.

• One AMM 2U-3 can hold:− Two unprotected (1+0) terminals or one protected (1+1) terminal− One SAU

• One AMM 4U can hold:− Up to four unprotected (1+0) terminals− Two protected (1+1) terminals− One protected (1+1) terminal plus one or two unprotected (1+0)

terminals− One SAU

Software controlled traffic routing between the terminals minimizes site cabling,see Section 3.12 on page 74.

One SMU can contain multiplexers/demultiplexers for two terminals. Theterminals can also share the same optional SAU. The SAU offers analog ordigital service channels as well as parallel inputs/outputs for integration ofalarms and external equipment control.

4495

Figure 17 A multi-terminal site with drop of 7x2 Mbit/s

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2.2.4.4 Repeater Site (1+0 or 1+1)

The repeater site basically comprises two terminals, back-to-back. The tworadio units are connected by using two MMUs in the same access modulewithout any external cables.

4496

Figure 18 A 1+0 repeater site

Drop/Insert

If one or more traffic signals are to be dropped and/or inserted at the repeatersite, this can be accomplished either directly at the MMUs, provided that MMUswith 2 Mbit/s interfaces are selected or by including an SMU on the site.

An SAU can be added to the AMM to provide additional alarm and controlinterfaces, service channels and other customer specific applications.

2.2.4.5 Ring Protection

An MXU added to the AMM enables ring protection. For further information,see Section 7.2 on page 115.

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2.2.4.6 Ethernet Traffic

An ETU added to the AMM enables transmission of Ethernet traffic. The typicalapplication of the ETU is LAN-to-LAN interconnection using the following siteconfiguration:

• RAU

• Antenna

• AMM 2U-3

• ETU

• MMU

• Coaxial cable for interconnection

AMM 2U-3

MMU

ETU

n x E1/E2

10BASE-T/100BASE-TX

5505

Figure 19 Typical site configuration using ETU for LAN-to-LAN interconnectionwith optional PDH traffic connected to the MMU

The ETU can also be used in a protected (1+1) terminal configuration or inmulti-terminal configurations.

For more information on the ETU, see Section 3.11 on page 69.

17AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


2.3 MINI-LINK E MicroMINI-LINK E Micro is a very small and easily installed all-outdoor radio, housingall transmission components. It can be used at all-outdoor sites with up to threeunprotected (1+0) connections and provides traffic capacity for up to 2x2 Mbits.

The traffic interface has long-haul capabilities, allowing a cable length thatenables flexible installation of the terminal.

A terminal consists of an outdoor radio unit (RTU), an antenna and an optionalRadio Connection Box (RCB).

For more information on MINI-LINK E Micro, see Section 4 on page 79.

3521

Figure 20 MINI-LINK E Micro with a 0.2 m compact antenna

2.3.1 Configurations

DCTra

ffic

3518

Figure 21 A MINI-LINK E Micro terminal with traffic and DC cables

MINI-LINK E Micro has standardized traffic interfaces for 2 or 2x2 Mbit/s (only2x2 Mbit/s for the 38 GHz version).

18 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


The terminal can be DC or AC powered. On sites with only one terminal, trafficand DC can be directly connected with two cables. On sites with more than oneterminal or where no DC supply is available, a Radio Connection Box (RCB) isrequired. For more information, see Section 7.1 on page 113.

The gray painted radio unit fits onto the back of the antenna, but can equallywell be installed separately from the antenna and connected with a waveguidefeeder.

Applications for MINI-LINK E Micro are in mobile telephony, business access,PBX (Private Branch eXchange), and data networks together with any outdoorinstalled telecom equipment.

It can be used as an end-terminal or when using the RCB as a repeater ormulti-terminal site.

3517

Figure 22 MINI-LINK E Micro with RCB, multi-terminal site

19AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


2.4 Network ManagementThe maintenance features enable flexible and easy setup and facilitatefaultfinding and repair. Network management features are:

• Alarm transfer channel

• Performance monitoring

• Near and far-end loop-back tests

• Data and voice service channels

• Software controlled routing of traffic

• Software selectable output power and frequency

• Remote software upgrade

• Capacity agile MMU configuration

Radio Unit/Antenna Module

Access Module

Operation & maintenancecentre

Leased line orother fixed channel

PSTN back-upor other line

3509

Figure 23 MINI-LINK network management

A microprocessor monitors all functional alarms and transmits them on anOperation & Maintenance channel, which extends throughout the sub-network.MINI-LINK Netman can be used for central supervision of the equipment in anetwork.

Easy Access at Any Location

The service engineer can access the Operation & Maintenance channelfor functional alarms at any location. He thus gets an overview of thenetwork status by using a PC with the MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM)software. The service engineer can also reconfigure the traffic routing, checkperformance data or switch between operating and standby equipment. He

20 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


can also command near-end and far-end loop-backs to be performed. Localconfiguration of the capacity agile MMU at the near-end can be carried outas well.

Local Management

The local supervision interface on the MMU enables fault finding andmeasurement when a PC is not available.

Service Channel

The integrated maintenance system is optionally supplemented with two servicechannels. These service channels may be configured as digital data channels(64 kbit/s) or as omnibus voice channels with a built-in telephone interface.

21AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


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3 MINI-LINK E

3.1 GeneralMINI-LINK E comprises an indoor access module, an outdoor radio unit withantenna and mounting kit. The radio unit is connected to the indoor unit witha single coaxial cable and can be combined with a wide range of antennasfor integrated or separate installation.

Antenna

Radio unit

Access module


3520

Figure 24 MINI-LINK E terminal

3.2 Radio UnitsThe radio units are continuously developed and improved regarding designand technology. Two types of radio unit are available, RAU1 and RAU2. Theyhave the same functionality, but different mechanical design and microwavetechnology. RAU2 has a higher integration of microwave circuits.

The radio units are independent of traffic capacity, that is the operatingfrequency is determined by the radio unit only. The operating frequency is seton site. This is done with the management software products or with a toggleswitch on the indoor MMU.

The radio unit is a weatherproof box painted light gray, with a handle for liftingand hoisting. It connects to the antenna unit at the waveguide port. The radiounit also has two hooks and catches to guide it for easier handling, when fittingto or removing from an integrated antenna.

Radio units are available for different frequency channel arrangementsaccording to ITU-R and ETSI recommendations. For detailed information onfrequency versions, see Section 8 on page 125 and the MINI-LINK E and EMicro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011).

23AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3531

Figure 25 The RAU1 and RAU2 radio units

24 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.3 RAU1 (7-E and 8-E)This radio unit contains frame, cover, microwave sub-unit and filter unit.

The vertical frame has a waveguide interface for connection to the antenna.

The bottom of the cover carries the radio cable connector that is the interfacewith the indoor modem unit (MMU), and a test port for antenna alignment.The connector for the radio cable is equipped with gas discharge tubes forlightning protection.

Replacing the filter unit can change the sub-band for a radio within a group ofsub-bands. For more information, see the MINI-LINK E and E Micro ProductCatalog (AE/LZT 110 2011), chapter Radio Units.

5315

Figure 26 RAU1 for 7 and 8 GHz

25AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.3.1 Block Diagram

FinalAmplifier

TransmitterTransmit IF

SignalProcessing

Transmit IFSignal,

350 MHz

BranchingFilter

DC/DC Converter

Command& Control

Signal

Cab

le In

terf

ace

Control &SupervisionProcessor

DownConverter

LowNoise

Amplifier

OutputLevel

Control

Antenna

RF Loop

FREQUENCY CONTROL

Receive IFSignal,

140 MHzReceive IF

SignalProcessing

ToAlignment Port

TX OFF

PowerDetector

Receiver

FREQUENCY CONTROL

SecondaryVoltages

Alarmand

Control

Filter Unit

RF Attenuator(accessory)

UpConverter

BranchingFilter

Filter&

Amplifier

ReceiverOscillator

TransmitterOscillator

Microwave Sub-unit

OUTPUT LEVEL SET

MMU

3538

Figure 27 RAU1 7-E and 8-E block diagram

3.3.2 Microwave Sub-unit

The following functions are included in the microwave sub-unit:

• DC/DC Converter

• Cable interface

• Control and supervision

• Transmit signal processing

• Receive signal processing

The microwave sub-unit consists of a microstrip board with an aluminum coverthat provides shielded compartments for the high-frequency circuits. Thecontrol circuit board is fitted to the back of the microstrip board.

The microwave sub-unit is fully independent of transmission rates.

A microwave sub-unit covers several sub-bands. The sub-band is defined bythe microwave sub-unit together with the filter unit.

26 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.3.2.1 DC/DC Converter

The DC/DC converter provides stable voltages for the microwave sub-unit.

3.3.2.2 Cable Interface

The incoming composite signals from the indoor units, that is, transmitting IFsignal, command and control signal and DC, are demultiplexed in the cableinterface and forwarded for further processing.

• The transmitting IF signal is a modulated signal with a nominal frequencyof 350 MHz.

• The command and control signal up-link is an ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)modulated signal with a nominal frequency of 6.5 MHz.

• The DC feed is in the range of 45 – 60 V DC (24 – 60 V DC, nominal,is connected to the MMU).

Similarly, the outgoing signals are multiplexed in the cable interface: receivingIF signal and command and control signal down-link.

• The nominal frequency of the receiving IF signal is 140 MHz.

• The command and control signal down-link is an ASK modulated signalwith a nominal frequency of 4.5 MHz.

In addition to the above, the cable interface includes an overvoltage protectioncircuit.

3.3.2.3 Control and Supervision Processor

The microwave sub-unit houses the processor for control and supervision of theradio unit. The main functions of this processor are described below.

Alarm Collection

Collected alarms and status signals from the radio unit are sent to the indoorMMU processor. Summary status signals are visualized by LEDs on the radiounit.

Command Handling

Commands from the indoor units are executed. These commands includetransmitter activation/deactivation, channel frequency settings, output powersettings and RF loop activation/deactivation.

Radio Unit Control

The processor also controls the radio unit’s internal processes and loops.

27AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.3.2.4 Transmit IF Signal Processing

The input amplifier is automatically gain-controlled so that no compensation isrequired due to the cable length between indoor and outdoor equipment.

The level is used to generate an alarm, indicating that the transmitting IF signallevel is too low due to excessive cable losses.

3.3.2.5 Transmitter Block

Upconverter

The transmitting IF signal is amplified and up-converted to 7 GHz / 8 GHzin the transmitter.

Transmitter Oscillator

The frequency of the transmitter is controlled in a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) (asample of the VCO signal is fed to a divider and further on to a programmablephase detector). The error signal is controlled by the integrated control andsupervision system by using a serial bus. An unlocked VCO loop generates atransmitter frequency alarm.

Final Amplifier

The transmitter output power is controlled by adjusting the gain of the finalamplifier. The output power is set in steps of 1 dB through the operation andmaintenance system. The transmitter can be switched on or off by switchingthe final amplifier.

3.3.2.6 Power Detector

A sample of the transmission signal is used for supervision of the transmittedpower (output power alarm).

3.3.2.7 RF Loop

A sample of the transmission signal is mixed with a shift oscillator signal and isfed into the receiver for test purposes.

3.3.2.8 RF Attenuation

In addition to the transmitter output power control described above, the outputRF level may be further decreased by fitting fixed RF attenuators to themicrowave unit. The transmitted RF can then be attenuated by a total of 50 dB.See Section 8.1.1 on page 126 for more details.

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3.3.2.9 Receiver Block

The received signal is fed from the input branching filter into a low noiseamplifier and down-converted to 140 MHz.

Receiver Oscillator and Filter

An LO signal for the down-conversion is generated in the same way as for thetransmitted signal. A frequency error signal from the MMU is used to shift thereceiver VCO in order to facilitate an AFC-loop.

3.3.2.10 Receive IF Signal Processing

The 140 MHz receiving IF signal from the receiver is amplified and fed to thecable interface. Additionally, a portion of the signal is fed to a calibrated detectorto provide an accurate receiver input level measurement. The measured level isaccessible either as an analog voltage at the alignment port or in dBm throughthe operation and maintenance system.

3.3.3 Filter Unit

Branching Filter

On the transmitting side, the signal is fed to the antenna through an outputbranching filter. The signal from the antenna is fed to the receiving side throughan input branching filter. The antenna and both branching filters are connectedwith an impedance T-junction.

29AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.4 RAU1 (15-E, 18-E, 23-E, 26-E and 38-E)This radio unit contains cover, frame, a radio interface sub-unit and a microwavesub-unit.

The radio interface sub-unit consists of a circuit board assembly, includingexternal interfaces with the indoor units. This interface is a 50 N-typeconnector. A connector for RF input level measurements and a set of LEDsare accessible from the outside of the radio unit. The microwave sub-unitconsists of a microstrip board with an aluminum cover that provides shieldedcompartments for the high-frequency circuits. The control circuit board isfitted at the back of the microstrip board. The microwave sub-unit provides awaveguide interface with the antenna.

The DC/DC converter is fitted directly on the vertical frame and connected tothe microwave sub-unit by a flat cable.

The vertical frame also has a waveguide port for connection to the antenna.

The bottom of the cover carries the radio cable connector, which is the interfacewith the indoor modem unit (MMU), and a test port for antenna alignment.The connector for the radio cable is equipped with gas discharge tubes forlightning protection.

3555

Figure 28 RAU1 15-E, 18-E, 23-E, 26-E and 38-E

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3.4.1 Block Diagram

TransmitterOscillator

Multiplier& Filter

FinalAmplifier Branching

Filter

Transmitter

Transmit IFSignal

Processing

Transmit IFSignal,350 MHz

FREQUENCY CONTROL

DC/DC Converter

Receive IFSignal,140 MHz

Command& ControlSignal

Cab

le In

terf

ace

Receive IFSignal

Processing

Control &SupervisionProcessor Alarm and Control

ReceiverOscillator

Multiplierand

Filtering

DownConverter

Filter &Amplifier

DownConverter

LowNoise

AmplifierBranching

Filter

OutputLevel

Control

PowerDetector

RF Attenuator(accessory)

AntennaRF Loop

FREQUENCY CONTROL

OUTPUTLEVEL SET

DC

First IFaround 1000 MHz

Secondaryvoltages

ToAlig nment Port

TX OFF

15, 23 and26 high power

15,18 and23 GHzReceiver

MMU

Radio Interface Sub-unit Microwave Sub-unit

AFC

Not 38 GHz

3537

Figure 29 RAU1 15-E, 18-E, 23-E, 26-E and 38-E block diagram

3.4.2 Radio Interface Sub-unit

The following functions are included in the radio interface sub-unit:

• Cable interface


• Transmit IF signal processing

• Receive IF signal processing



• The transmitting IF signal is a modulated signal with a nominal frequencyof 350 MHz

31AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



• The DC feed is in the range of 45 – 60 V DC (24 – 60 V DC, nominal,is connected to the MMU)






The radio interface sub-unit houses the processor for control and supervision ofthe radio unit. The main functions of this processor are described below.

Alarm Collection


Command Handling


Radio Unit Control

In addition to the above, the processor controls the radio unit’s internalprocesses and loops.


The transmit IF signal is amplified, limited and demodulated. The demodulatedsignal is amplified and passed through a buffer amplifier to the microwavesub-unit for modulation onto the RF carrier.


The level is used to generate an alarm, indicating that the transmitting IF signallevel is too low due to excessive cable losses.

32 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.4.2.4 Receive IF Signal Processing

The 140 MHz receive IF signal from the microwave sub-unit is amplified and fedto the cable interface. Additionally, a portion of the signal is fed to a calibrateddetector to provide an accurate receiver input level measurement. Themeasured level is accessible either as an analog voltage (AGC) at alignmentport or in dBm through the operation and maintenance system.

3.4.3 Microwave Sub-unit


The DC/DC converter provides stable voltages for the microwave sub-unit aswell as for the radio interface unit.


Transmitter Oscillator

The frequency of the transmitter is controlled in a phase locked loop (PLL) (asample of the VCO signal is fed to a divider and further on to a programmablephase detector). The error signal is controlled by the integrated control andsupervision system by using a serial bus. An unlocked VCO loop generates atransmitter frequency alarm.

Multiplying and Filtering

The VCO signal is amplified, frequency multiplied and filtered.

Final Amplifier

The transmitter output power is controlled by adjusting the gain of the finalamplifier. The output power is set in steps of 1 dB through the operation andmaintenance system (Note: This applies to RAU1 15-E, 18-E, 23-E and 26-EHP. RAU1 26-E and 38-E have a mechanical, adjustable attenuator adjacentto the branching filter). The transmitter can be switched on or off by switchingthe final amplifier.

Branching Filter

On the transmitting side, the signal is fed to the antenna through a branchingfilter and a circulator. On the receiving side, the circulator feeds the receivedsignal to an input branching filter.

33AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Power Detector

A sample of the transmission signal is used for supervision of the transmittedpower (output power alarm).

3.4.3.3 RF Loop (Only RAU1 15-E, 18-E and 23-E)

A sample of the transmission signal is mixed with a shift oscillator signal and isfed into the receiver for test purposes.

3.4.3.4 RF Attenuation

In addition to the transmitter output power control described above, the outputRF level may be further decreased by fitting fixed RF attenuators to themicrowave unit. The transmitted RF can then be attenuated by a total of 50dB for RAU1 23-E, 26-E and 38-E. For RAU1 15-E and 18-E, the transmittedRF can be attenuated by a total of 33 dB. See Section 8.1.1 on page 126 formore details.


The received signal is fed from the input branching filter into a low noiseamplifier (with the exception of RAU1 38-E) and a down-converter to a first IF ofapproximately 1 GHz. After bandpass filtering and amplification, the signal isdown-converted to the second IF of 140 MHz.

Receiver Oscillator, Multiplier and Filter

LO signals for the two down-conversions are generated in the same way as forthe transmitted signal. A frequency control signal from the MMU (AFC) is fed tothe receiver oscillator by the control and supervision processor.

This double superheterodyne receiver with a high first IF enables frequencyselection over a wide frequency band, with excellent receiver spurious andimage rejection.

34 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.5 RAU2This radio unit consists of cover, frame, connection unit, microwave unit andfilter unit.

The connection unit forms the bottom of the radio unit cover and it holds alarmindicators (LEDs) and connectors for traffic, grounding, DC power and antennaalignment. The connection unit is also equipped with lightning protection.

The microwave unit is a circuit board assembly, consisting of a radio boardand two MCMs (Multi-chip Module) for the transmitting and receiving partsof the radio unit. The high-frequency MCM components are shielded withan aluminum cover. In addition, it contains the cable interface, the DC/DCconverter, control and supervision functions and components for IF signalprocessing.

The cable interface with the indoor units is a 50 N-type connector. The filterunit consists of two branching filters and an impedance T-junction which isthe interface with the antenna.

Cover

Connection unitEarthing screw

Microwave unit

Filter unit

Frame

3548

Figure 30 RAU2 parts

35AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.5.1 Block Diagram

TransmitterOscillator Multiplier

PowerAmplifier

BranchingFilter

Transmit ter ( MCM )Transmit IF

SignalProcessing

Transmit IFSignal,350 MHz

FREQUENCY CONTROL TX


Cab

le In

terf

ace

Multiplier

DownConverter

Filter &Amplifier

DownConverter

LowNoiseAmplifier

BranchingFilter

OutputLevelControl

Antenna

FREQUENCY CONTROL RX

OUTPUTLEVEL SET

974 MHz

TX OFF

Receiver ( MCM )ReceiverOscillator

DCSecondaryvoltagesDC/DC Converter

To Alignment Port

Microwave Unit

OscillatorIF

FREQUENCY CONTROL IF



Alarm andControl

IF Converter

834 MHz

Filt er Unit

MMU

RFLoop

RSSI

140 MHz

3539

Figure 31 RAU2 block diagram

3.5.2 Microwave Unit


The DC/DC converter provides stable voltages for the radio unit.



• The transmitting IF signal is a modulated signal with a nominal frequencyof 350 MHz


• The DC feed is in the range of 45 – 60 V DC (24 – 60 V DC, nominal,is connected to the MMU).

36 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04







The processor for radio unit control and supervision is situated on themicrowave unit circuit board. Its main functions are described below.

Alarm Collection


Command Handling


Radio Unit Control and Message Handling

The processor also controls the radio unit’s internal processes and loops.


The transmit IF signal is amplified, limited and demodulated. The demodulatedsignal is amplified and passed through a buffer amplifier to the transmitter MCMfor modulation onto the RF carrier.

The level is used to generate an alarm, indicating that the transmit IF signallevel is too low due to excessive cable losses.


37AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



Transmitter Oscillator (MCM)

The frequency of the transmitter is controlled in a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) (asample of the VCO signal is fed to a divider and further on to a programmablephase detector). An unlocked VCO loop generates a transmitter frequencyalarm.

Multiplier (MCM)

The VCO signal is amplified and frequency multiplied (2 or 4 times dependingon channel frequency).

Power Amplifier (MCM)

The transmitter output power is controlled by adjustment of the gain in the finalamplifier. The output power is set in steps of 1 dB through the operation andmaintenance system. The transmitter can be switched on or off by switchingthe final amplifier.

3.5.2.6 Output Level Control

The output signal level from the final amplifiers are analyzed in order to see iftransmitted power is within specified range (output power alarm).


The received signal is fed from the input branching filter into a low noiseamplifier and a down-converter to the first IF of 974 MHz (Receiver MCM).After bandpass filtering and amplification, the signal is down-converted to thesecond IF of 140 MHz (IF Converter). A portion of this 140 MHz is used in theRSSI. The 140 MHz signal from IF Converter is amplified and fed to the cableinterface. This double down-conversion with a high first IF enables frequencyselection over a wide frequency band, with excellent receiver spurious andimage rejection.

Receiver Oscillator and Multiplier (MCM)

The local oscillator signal used in the first down-conversion is generated in thesame way as for the transmitter oscillator. The signal is multiplied (2 or 4 timesdepending on channel frequency) and amplified.

3.5.2.8 IF Oscillator

The oscillator consists of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and a VCO. It is used forthe second down-conversion to 140 MHz. The VCO is also used for adjustment

38 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


of the received 140 MHz signal (through a control signal effecting the divisionnumber in the IF PLL).

3.5.2.9 RSSI

A portion of the 140 MHz signal is fed to a calibrated detector in the RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator) to provide an accurate receiver input levelmeasurement. The measured level is accessible either as an analog voltage atthe alignment port or in dBm through the operation and maintenance system.

3.5.3 Filter Unit

3.5.3.1 RF Loop

The RF Loop is used for test purposes only. When the loop is set, the transmitterfrequency is set to receiver frequency and transferred to the receiving side.

3.5.3.2 Branching Filter


39AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.6 Access ModuleThe access module is the indoor part of a terminal. It comprises the followingtypes of indoor equipment:

• Access Module Magazine (AMM), which holds the indoor plug-in units. TheAMM also provides mechanical housing and electrical interconnectionsbetween indoor units through its backplane.

• Modem Unit (MMU) providing traffic interfaces, signal processing and theinterface with the radio unit (RAU).

• Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU) providing additional 2 Mbit/s traffic interfaces,2/8 and 8/34 Mbit/s multiplexers, switches and control functions for 1+1protected systems and interfaces with the MMU.

• Service Access Unit (SAU) providing parallel input/output ports, externalalarm channel interfaces and service channel interfaces.

• Ethernet Interface Unit (ETU), which enables transmission of Ethernettraffic.

All external interfaces are located at the unit fronts.

3530

Figure 32 Indoor units in an AMM 4U

40 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.7 AMM – Access Module MagazineThe Access Module Magazine (AMM) fits in 19" racks and cabinets, as well asin ETSI and BYB cabinets or directly on a desk/wall.

Different AMMs for different applications are available as standard:

• AMM 1U for a single terminal with one MMU

• AMM 2U-3 for single or dual terminal sites. It can contain one or twoMMUs, one SMU and one SAU.

• AMM 4U for more complex multi-terminal sites. It can contain up to fourMMUs, two SMUs and one SAU.

3527

Figure 33 AMM 1U

3528

Figure 34 AMM 2U-3

41AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3529

Figure 35 AMM 4U

The units are interconnected through a backplane at the back of the AMM. Allexternal connections are made through connectors at the front of the units.

The AMM is made of aluminum. The side walls guide the units and conductaway the heat. Mounting brackets are screwed to the side walls for installationin 19" racks and cabinets. The aluminum magazine is chromate coated.

A front panel protects the cables at the unit fronts. It is perforated at the centerto let cooling air through and for visibility of LEDs at the unit fronts. The frontpanel is painted dark gray. It is closed with 2 or 4 screws respectively and foldsdown vertically around hinges at its lower edge when opened.

Front cables are routed to the left and right of the access module magazine andalong the cabinet at the rack side walls.

Cooling

Cooling of the access module is accomplished by forced ventilation.

The cooling air enters at the front of the AMM, flows between the units and outthrough openings at the back of the magazine on both sides of the backplane.

When the airflow is not sufficient a fan unit placed on top of the AMM in a 19"rack cools the access module, see also Section 8.9 on page 154.

42 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.8 MMU – Modem UnitThe MMU is the indoor interface with the radio unit. It is available in thefollowing versions:

• MMU with fixed traffic capacity for:− 2x2 Mbit/s− 4x2 or 8 Mbit/s− 2x8 Mbit/s− 34+2 Mbit/s

• MMU with agile traffic capacity for:− 2x2 – 34+2 Mbit/s

MMU 2x2 - 34+2

8/34 Mbit/s TP O&M NCC RAU8 Mbit/s4x2 Mbit/s DC + -

MMU 34+2

34 Mbit/s TP O&M NCC RAU2 Mbit/s DC + -

8 Mbit/s TP O&M NCC RAU8 Mbit/s DC + -

MMU 2x8

MMU 4x2/8

8 Mbit/s TP O&M NCC RAU4x2 Mbit/s DC + -

TP O&M NCC RAU2x2 Mbit/s DC + -

MMU 2x2

5541

Figure 36 MMUs

All MMUs are fully independent of frequency band. Together with a radio unitand an antenna, they contain all functions needed for a radio terminal with thecapacities listed previously.

43AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


The capacity agile version, MMU 2x2 – 34+2, can be run at all traffic capacitiescovered by the MMUs with fixed capacities. The MSM software (≥ version6.0) is used to set the traffic capacity locally on site. Consequently, the trafficcapacity of a terminal can be changed without replacement of MMU hardware.

3.8.1 Functional Blocks

The following functional blocks are included in the MMU:

• Traffic interfaces and router

• 2/8 multiplexer/demultiplexer (MMUs 4x2/8 Mbit/s only)

• Radio frame multiplexer/demultiplexer for traffic and service channelsinsertion/extraction and Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding/decoding

• Transmitting and receiving signal modulation/demodulation

• Cable interface with the radio unit

• Control and supervision processor

• DC/DC converter

44 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3535

Operation and

MaintenanceInterfaces

Secondaryvoltages

RCCControl &Supervision

DC/DC

TrafficInterface andRouter

Primarypowersupply

Radio FrameMultiplexer

Radio FrameDemultiplexer

Modulator

Demodulator

CableInterface

RadioUnit

SAU

Servicechannels

SAU

Servicechannels

HCC

Other MMU or SMU

2/8/34 Mbit/s

2/8/2 Mbit/s

SMU, SAU

HCC

Converter

NCC To other units within the sameaccess module or to units in another access module

Figure 37 Block diagram for configuration 2x2, 2x8 and 34+2 Mbit/s

45AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


To other units within the sameaccess module or to units in another access module

Operation and


Secondaryvoltages

RCCControl &Supervision

DC/DC

Other MMU or SMU

Traffic Interface

andRouter

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

4x2Mbit/s

Primarypowersupply



Modulator

Demodulator

CableInterface

RadioUnit

SAUServicechannels

SAU

Servicechannels

HCC8Mbit/s

Other MMU or SMU

SMU, SAU

HCC

Converter

NCC

3536

Traffic Interface

andRouter

Figure 38 Block diagram for configuration 4x2/8 Mbit/s

3.8.2 Functional Description

The blocks of the MMU are described in the following text.

3.8.2.1 Traffic Interface and Traffic Router

The traffic inputs and outputs are connected to/from the MMU front and thebackplane of the access module.

The traffic signals connected to the MMU front are shaped in a pulseregenerating circuit. The clock is generated and the signal is line-decoded onthe transmitting side and line-encoded on the receiving side.

The traffic signals connected to the backplane are routed to other MMUs orSMUs in the same access module. The routing is done without any cabling andthe interconnection is controlled from MINI-LINK Netman or from a PC with theMINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM).

46 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.8.2.2 2/8 Mbit/s Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (MMU 4x2/8 only)

The 4x2 Mbit/s multiplexing and demultiplexing conforms to ITU-T Rec G.703and G.742.

In the multiplex direction, the four input 2 Mbit/s baseband signals are receivedand decoded. The incoming timing information is extracted and the trafficinformation is read into a buffer memory.

The buffer memory loading ratio is controlled by positive justification. The foursynchronized signals are subsequently multiplexed together with a justificationindicator and framing information bits into the 8 Mbit/s signal.

In the demultiplex direction, frame alignment is made and the four tributarysignals are sent to buffer memories after the framing, stuff indicator andredundant bits have been removed. The crystal-controlled read-out rate fromthe buffer memory is then filtered to reduce output jitter. Finally the signal isline-coded and transmitted.

3.8.2.3 Radio Frame Multiplexer and Forward Error Correction (FEC)

Three different data types are multiplexed into the data stream to be transmittedover the radio path:

• Traffic

• Service channel

• Hop Communication Channel (HCC)

Transmit Traffic Data

The transmit traffic data is first sent to the multiplexer to assure data rateadaptation (stuffing). If no valid data is present at the input, an AIS signal isinserted at nominal data rate. This means that the data traffic across the hop isreplaced with ones (1).

Transmit Service Data Channel

Two independent service channels are provided. Analog and digital servicedata are handled differently. Clock and sync pulses are sent to the SAU anddata from the SAU is fed to the multiplexer. In digital mode data and byte syncpulses are fed to an elastic store before data is read out in synchronism withthe composite clock. Appropriate stuffing signals are generated to enable datarate transparency.

Hop Communication Channel

The Hop Communication Channel (HCC) is used for exchange of control andsupervision information between near-end and far-end MMUs.

47AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Multiplexer

The three different data types together with check bits and frame lock bits aresent in a composite data format defined by the frame format that is loaded intoa Frame Format RAM. The 12 frame alignment signal bits are placed at thebeginning of the frame. Stuffing bits are inserted into the composite frame.

Scrambling and FEC Encoding

The synchronous scrambler has a length of 217– 1 and is synchronized eacheighth frame (super frame). The FEC bits are inserted according to the frameformat and are calculated using an interleaving scheme.

The composite data stream consists of a 125 µs long frame, which contains theabove described data types.

Radio Channel Frame Structure

The figure below shows the radio channel frame structure for 2x2 Mbit/s.

T1+

CHK

T2+

T1

T2+

S2

T1+

T2

T1+

FEC

T2+

T1

C1+

T2

T1+

T2

T1+

S1

T2+

T1

SC1+

T2

T1+

T2

T1+

SC1

T2+

T1

S2+

T2

T1+

T2

FEC+

C22 2 2 22 2 16 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 12 2 20 2

formatFAS T1

+T2

T1+

K1

T2+

T1

S1+

T2

T1+

T2

T1+

K2

T2+

T1

T2+

S2

T1+

T2

T1+

K1

T2+

T1

FEC+

T2Numberof bits 12 10 2 10 2 8 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

Frame

5508

Frame length 125 s

T1 = Data from traffic channel 1 T2 = Data from traffic channel 2

K1 = Stuffing control T1 K2 = Stuffing control T2

S1 = Not used S2 = Not used

SC1 = Not used

C1 = HCC1 C2 = HCC2

CHK = Check bits FAS = Frame Alignment Signal

FEC = Forward Error Correction

Figure 39 Example of radio channel frame structure, 2x2 Mbit/s

48 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Composite Rates

The following composite bit rates are used:

• 4.5195 Mbit/s for 2x2 Mbit/s

• 8.9316 Mbit/s for 4x2/8 Mbit/s


• 37.5369 Mbit/s for 34+2 Mbit/s

3.8.2.4 Modulator

The composite data stream from the Radio Frame Multiplexer is C-QPSK*modulated, D/A converted and pulse shaped in a Nyqvist filter to optimizetransmit spectrum.

The modulator consists of a phase locked Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)operating at 350 MHz. For test purposes an IF loop signal of 140 MHz isgenerated by mixing with a 490 MHz signal.

* C-QPSK (Constant envelope offset - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is anoffset-QPSK phase modulated signal. It is optimized for high frequencyefficiency since it combines the properties of constant envelope with highinterference discrimination.

3.8.2.5 Radio Frame Demultiplexer and Forward Error Correction (FEC)

On the receiving side the received composite data stream is demultiplexed andFEC corrected. The frame alignment function searches and locks the receiverto the frame alignment bit patterns in the received data stream.

Descrambling and FEC Decoding

FEC is accomplished using FEC parity bits in combination with a data qualitymeasurement from the demodulator. The descrambler transforms the signal toits original state enabling the demultiplexer to properly distribute the receivedinformation to its destinations.

Demultiplexing

Demultiplexing is performed according to the stored frame format. Thedemultiplexer generates a frame fault alarm if frame synchronization is lost. Thenumber of errored bits in the traffic data stream is measured using parity bits.These are used for BER detection and performance monitoring. Stuffing controlbits are processed for the traffic and service channels.

49AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Received Traffic Data

On the receiving side the following is performed to the traffic data:

• AIS insertion (at signal loss or BER ≤ 10–3)

• AIS detection

• Elastic buffering and clock recovery

• Data alignment compensation and measurement (to enable hitlessswitching)

• Hitless switching (for 1+1 protection)

Received Service Data Channel

In digital mode data and sync are retrieved and the clock rate is recoveredusing an elastic buffer. In analog mode synchronization and timing signals areprovided together with the data signal.

3.8.2.6 Demodulator

The received 140 MHz signal is AGC amplified and filtered prior to conversionto I/Q baseband signals. The baseband signals are pulse shaped in a Nyqvistfilter and A/D converted before being C-QPSK demodulated.


The following signals are frequency multiplexed in the cable interface for furtherdistribution through a coaxial cable to the outdoor radio units:

• 350 MHz transmitting IF signal

• 140 MHz receiving IF signal

• DC power supply

• Radio Communication Channel (RCC) signal as an Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK) signal


3.8.2.8 Control and Supervision

A microprocessor based control and supervision system (CSS) is built into allunits in the access module. Its main functions are to collect alarms, controlsettings and tests. Failure is indicated on LEDs on the fronts of the units.

The MMU processor communicates with other processors in the access modulethrough the NCC. Exchange of control and supervision data over the hop is

50 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


made through the HCC. The processor also communicates with a PC throughthe Operation and Maintenance interface.

The MMU processor handles the bit error collection and communicates withprocessors in the radio unit through the RCC.

See Section 6.1.2 on page 95 for details on the communication channels.

Local setup, error detection and location can be performed by the display andswitches on the MMU.


The isolated DC/DC converter produces a stable voltage for the outdoor radiounit and secondary voltages for the MMU electronics. The power supply is afterfiltering also further distributed to the SMUs and SAUs in the access module.

3.8.3 DC Supply

The primary DC supply to the MMUs is connected in parallel on the backplanefor further distribution to all indoor units.

Each MMU supplies its own radio unit.

The MINI-LINK Cross-connect unit (MXU) is supplied separately.

Figure 40 on page 52 shows en example of how the DC supply is connected tothe indoor units.

51AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


SAU

MMU

MMU

SMU

SMU

MMU

MMU

+ -

AMM

Power connectionin the backplane

PrimaryDC supply

DC -+

DC -+

DC -+

DC -+

3532

Figure 40 DC supply connected to the indoor units

52 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.9 SMU – Switch Multiplexer UnitThe SMU provides 1+1 protection switching and/or multiplexing/demultiplexingof 2 Mbit/s channels. It comes in three different versions (SMU Sw, SMU 8x2and SMU 16x2) for different traffic capacities.

SMU Sw

8 Mbit/s O&M 34 Mbit/sTP4x2 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s

SMU 16x2

4x2 Mbit/s O&M 4x2 Mbit/s 4x2 Mbit/sTP4x2 Mbit/s(8 Mbit/s) (8 Mbit/s) (8 Mbit/s) (8 Mbit/s)

SMU 8x2

4x2 Mbit/s O&MTP4x2 Mbit/s(8 Mbit/s) (8 Mbit/s)

5542

Figure 41 SMUs


The SMU basically consists of:

• Traffic interface and router

• Traffic channel switches and control circuitry for 1+1 protection switchingand input/output selection for the multiplexers


• DC/DC converter

53AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.9.1.1 SMU Switch

SMU Switch contains the 1+1 MMU selection switch. It can terminate two 2Mbit/s, four 2 Mbit/s, one 8 Mbit/s, two 8 Mbit/s or one 34 Mbit/s and one 2Mbit/s traffic channel.

Operation &MaintenanceInterface

MMU 1

MMU 2

Secondaryvoltages

MMU

Alarms from MMUs

Control &Supervision

1 + 1Switch Logic

DC/DCConverter

NCC Other units in the access module

2x2Traffic

Interfaceand

Router

Connections to MMUs

4x2 82x834

Front orconnection 2/8/34 Mbit/s

3553

backplane

Figure 42 SMU Sw block diagram

54 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.9.1.2 SMU 8x2

SMU 8x2 contains two independent 2/8 Mbit/s multiplexers/demultiplexers andthe 1+1 MMU selection switch. It can terminate up to eight 2 Mbit/s trafficsignals.

4x2 or 8 Traffic

Interfaceand

Router

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

Traffic

Router

8 Mbit/s

Operation &MaintenanceInterface

MMU 1

MMU 2

Secondaryvoltages

MMU

Alarms from MMUs


1 + 1Switch Logic

DC/DCConverter

MMU 1

NCC Other units inthe access module

(1+1 only)

Connection to frontor other SMU/MMU

2x8

MMU 22x8Connection to front

or other SMU/MMU

2

8

8

8

8

8

8

2

2

2

4x2 or 8 Traffic

Interfaceand

Router

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer2

8

8

2

2

2

3552

Figure 43 SMU 8x2 block diagram

55AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.9.1.3 SMU 16x2

SMU 16x2 can handle up to sixteen 2 Mbit/s traffic signals. The unit containsfour independent 2/8 Mbit/s multiplexers/demultiplexers, one 8/34 Mbit/smultiplexer/demultiplexer and the 1+1 MMU selection switch.

An SMU 16x2 combined with an MMU 34+2 can terminate 17x2 Mbit/s or 4x8+2Mbit/s for one 1+0 or 1+1 terminal.

An SMU 16x2 combined with two MMUs 8x2 can terminate 8x2 Mbit/s for two1+0 terminals.

TrafficRouter8 Mbit/s

8/34Multiplexer

DemultiplexerTrafficRouter

34 Mbit/s

MMU1

Operation &MaintenanceInterfaces

MMU 1MMU 2

Secondaryvoltages

MMU

Alarms from MMUs


1 + 1Switch Logic

DC/DCConverter


(1+1 only)34+2

34+2

4x2 or 8

Traffic Interface

andRouter

2/8Multiplexer

DemultiplexerConnection to frontor other SMU/MMU

4x2 or 8

4x2 or 8

4x2 or 8




2

8

8

34

8

MMU1 (When SMU 16x2 isshared betweentwo radios 8x2, 1+0)

MMU2

2 Mbit/s is connected toMMU1 and is distributedfurther to MMU2

MMU22x8, 1+0 2x8, 1+0

2

2

2

8

2

2

2

2

8

8

2

2

2

2

8

2

2

2

2

8

Traffic Interface

andRouter

Traffic Interface

andRouter

Traffic Interface

andRouter

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

8

8

8

8

8

8

3551

Figure 44 SMU 16x2 block diagram

As an alternative SMU 16x2 can be used to provide 1+1 protection switchingfor 4x2 and 8x2 Mbit/s traffic.

56 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



3.9.2.1 Traffic Interface and Traffic Routers

The 2 or 8 Mbit/s traffic inputs and outputs are connected to/from the SMU frontand the backplane of the access module.

The traffic signals connected to the SMU front are shaped in a pulseregenerating circuit. The clock is generated and the signal is line-coded.

The 2 or 8 Mbit/s traffic signals connected to/from the backplane are routedto/from other MMUs or SMUs in the same access module. The routing isdone without any cabling and the interconnection is controlled from MINI-LINKNetman or from a PC with the MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM).

3.9.2.2 2/8 Mbit/s Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

The four 2 Mbit/s signals are multiplexed into an 8 Mbit/s signal on thetransmitting side. The 8 Mbit/s signal is demultiplexed into four 2 Mbit/s signalson the receiving side.

The multiplexing and demultiplexing conforms to ITU-T Rec G.703 and G.742.

3.9.2.3 8/34 Mbit/s Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

The four 8 Mbit/s signals are multiplexed into a 34 Mbit/s signal on thetransmitting side. The 34 Mbit/s signal is demultiplexed into four 8 Mbit/s signalson the receiving side. The multiplexing and demultiplexing conforms to ITU-TRec G.703 and G.751.


A microprocessor based Control and Supervision System (CSS) is built intoall units in the access module. Its main functions are to collect alarms, controlsettings and tests. Failure is indicated on LEDs on the fronts of the units.

The SMU processor communicates with other processors in the accessmodule through the Node Communication Channel (NCC). The processor alsocommunicates with a PC through the Operation and Maintenance interface.

See section Section 6.1.2 on page 95 for details on the communicationchannels.

The SMU processor also controls the 1+1 protection switching.


The SMU is powered from one or several MMUs. The DC/DC converter in theSMU produces secondary voltages for the SMU electronics.

57AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.9.2.6 1+1 Protection Switching

In protected operation, the switching logic controls transmitter and receiverswitching for the protected radio section.

The selection is controlled and monitored locally or remotely.

The Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU) contains all switch logic circuitry forprotected systems.

Transmitter Switching

Transmitter selection only applies to hot standby systems. Selection is basedon alarm information from the transmitter section of the radio unit or the MMU.Selection can also be made manually from the MMU front or from a PC. Analarm with high priority overrides an alarm with lower priority. The radio unitwith the lowest priority alarm transmits the signal. See Section 6.1.4.1 on page97 for a description of the alarms.

Table 1 Priority for transmitter switching

Transmitter switchingcriteria

Alarm Priority

Switching due to hardware failureManual switch mode 1

MMU does not exist NCC Ra 2

CSS fail MMU Proc. HardwareProc. SoftwareEEPROM

3

RAU Proc. HardwareProc. SoftwareEEPROM

RCCTX High priority RCC & Radio Frame

Mod IndexTX IF InputRF Output Level

4

TX Low priority Input BB1, BB2 (1)

Input E1:1 – 4 (MMU)5

(1) No switching for BB2 alarm, wayside channel, 17x2 and 34+2 (applies to CSS version 5.0 orlater)

Alarm information from the transmitting side is collected in the Control andSupervision processor in each MMU and sent to the Switch Logic in the SMU.The signal is sent to the Radio Unit (RAU) to control the transmitter On/Offfunction.

58 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


MUX X

SMU

MMU2

MMU1CPU Tx On/Off

RAU A

RAU B

CPU Tx On/Off

RMXTraffic T1

T2

X

X

2 Mbit/s *

Traffic

* MMU 34+2 only

CPU - Control & Supervision processorRMX - Radio Frame MultiplexerX - Traffic RouterT1 - Traffic channel 1T2 - Traffic channel 2

MUX - Multiplexer

RMX

1+1SwitchLogic

3534

Figure 45 1+1 protection switching for the transmitter

Receiver Switching

There are two types of receiver switching: hardware failure switching and hitlessswitching due to fading. The switching functionality is physically implemented intwo different kinds of switch, the RMX switch and a hardware switch, see Figure46 on page 62. Selection is based on alarm information from the receiversection of the radio unit or the MMU, see Table 2 on page 60. However, hitlessswitching is performed in the RMX switch. Selection can also be made manuallyfrom the MMU front or from a PC. An alarm with high priority overrides an alarmwith lower priority. The radio unit with the lowest priority alarm receives thesignal. See Section 6.1.4.1 on page 97 for a description of the alarms.

59AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Table 2 Priority for RMX switching in the receiver

RMX Switch switchingcriteria (receiver)

Alarm Priority


MMU does not exist NCC Ra 2

CSS fail MMU Proc. HardwareProc. SoftwareEEPROM

3


RCCRX High priority 1 Demod Clock BB1, 2

Radio IDBER 10–3 (fixed)RX Frequency

4

RX High priority 2 Radio Frame 5

Hitless switching (error free) due to fadingFEC A detected error will activate

switching (with no Hitless PhaseAlarm)

6

Low RF level AGC Threshold but no HitlessPhase Alarm

7

RMX switching is accomplished by FIFO buffers and a fast switch. The delay inthe buffer is controlled so that the data phase differences in the radio sections(due to cables etc. are compensated. See also Section 8.5.1 on page 143 forrestrictions on cable lengths in 1+1 configurations.

The switch is placed before the linecoder in the Radio Frame Multiplexer (RMX).The switch command is synchronized to the bit timing.

Alarm information from the receiving side is collected in the Control andSupervision processor in each MMU and sent to the Switch Logic unit in theSMU.

Alarm generation has a certain delay, not critical for fading switching which ishitless because fading means slow traffic degradation.

The control signals from the Switch Logic control the traffic routing of the radiocomposite signal between the two MMUs.

60 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Note: Protection switching cannot be made hitless in a working standbyconfiguration for 4x2 Mbit/s traffic capacity using an SMU Sw. Theproblem is solved by using an SMU 8x2 or an SMU 16x2 instead.

Table 3 Priority for hardware switching in the receiver

Hardware Switchswitching criteria(receiver)

Alarm Priority


MMU does not exist NCC Ra 2CSS failure MMU Proc. Hardware

Proc. SoftwareEEPROM

3


RCCMMU MUX System line fault 4

Transmitter selected If none of the alarms aboveare active, receiver hardwareselection follows transmitterselection

5

See section Section 6.1.4.1 on page 97 for an alarm description.

The control signals from the Switch Logic control the hardware switches locatedin the traffic interface of each MMU. The switch modes are on/off. The signalfrom the faulty channel is switched off and the signal from the standby channelis switched on.

The hardware switch follows the switched transmitter, so that the samehardware is selected on the transmitting and receiving sides. Independently theRMX switch selects the best receiver.

61AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


SMU

MUX

1+1Switch Logic

MMU2

MMU1

X1

X2

CPU

CPU

X1

RAU A

RAU B

TrafficT1

T2

* MMU 34+2 only

X2RMX

RMX

Traffic 2 Mbit/s *

RMX - Radio Frame DemultiplexerX1 - Hardware Switch (located in the Traffic Router)X2 - RMX Switch (located in the Radio Frame Demultiplexer) CPU - Control & Supervision processorT1 - Traffic channel 1T2 - Traffic channel 2

MUX - Demultiplexer

3533

Figure 46 1+1 protection switching for the receiver

DC Failure

If a DC failure occurs in one of the MMUs in a 1+1 system, the other MMUsupplies the SMU and the SAU (if applicable) with DC power. However, when17x2 Mbit/s capacity is required the 2 Mbit/s signal connected to the MMU withDC failure will be lost. The other 16x2 Mbit/s signals will still be working.

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3.10 SAU – Service Access UnitThe Service Access Unit (SAU) provides additional features such as servicechannels, parallel inputs/outputs and access to the External Alarm Channel(EAC) on a MINI-LINK network site. Three versions of the SAU are available,a basic and two expanded versions.

SAU Basic

SAU Exp 1

SAU Exp 2

EAC 1 EAC 2 USER I/OO&M

PHONE RAC 2 O&M BR/EAC 1 USER I/ORAC 1DIG SC 1-4 BR/EAC 2

DIG SC 5-8 RAC 2 O&M EAC 1 USER I/ORAC 1DIG SC 1-4 EAC 2

5540

Figure 47 SAUs

63AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



The different SAU versions provide the following functions.

SAU Basic

• Two EAC ports

• Eight User Input ports

• Four User Input/Output ports (individually selectable)

• Control and supervision processor

• DC/DC converter

SecondaryVoltages

DC/DCConverter


NCC

Other units inthe access module

MMU

UserIn/Out

Processor

EACInterface

EAC1EAC2

User In

User Out

Operationand


3550

Figure 48 SAU Basic block diagram

64 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


SAU Exp 1

In addition to the basic version:

• Two digital service channels per radio terminal

• Two RAC ports

SecondaryVoltages

DC/DCConverter



MMU

UserIn/Out

Processor

EACInterface

EAC1EAC2

User In

User Out

Operationand


MMU 1DigitalService channel

Interface

2 service channels / radio

MMU 2MMU 3MMU 4

RACInterface

RS232

ITU-TG.703

64 kbit/sFixedlineFixedline viamodem

RACInterface

RS232

ITU-TG.703

FixedlineFixedline viamodem

3546

64 kbit/s

Figure 49 SAU Exp 1 block diagram

65AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


SAU Exp 2

In addition to the basic version:

• One digital service channel per radio terminal

• One analog service channel per radio terminal

• Service telephone

• Two RAC ports

SecondaryVoltages

DC/DCConverter



MMU

UserIn/Out

Processor

EACInterface

EAC1EAC2

User In

User Out

Operationand


BR

MMU 1

2/4wire

DigitalService channel

Interface

AnalogService channel

Interface &Router

1 digital and 1 analog service channel / radio

MMU 2MMU 3MMU 4

MMU 1MMU 2MMU 3MMU 4

RACInterface

RS232

ITU-TG.703


RACInterface

RS232

ITU-TG.703


3547

64 kbit/s

64 kbit/s

Figure 50 SAU Exp 2 block diagram

66 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



3.10.2.1 EAC Port

The External Alarm Channel (EAC) ports are used for connecting the alarmand control information to and from other access modules or MINI-LINK Cor MkII terminals at the same site, when building MINI-LINK operation andmaintenance networks.

3.10.2.2 User In/Out

At the User Input ports, the user’s alarms are connected to the MINI-LINKoperation and maintenance network.

The User Output ports are used for control of the user’s functions through theMINI-LINK operation and maintenance network. The User Output ports canalso be set to connect summary alarms from the access module to the users’supervision system. See Section 6 on page 93 and Section 8.6.1 on page147 for details.


A microprocessor based Control and Supervision System (CSS) is built intoall units in the access module. Its main functions are to collect alarms, controlsettings and tests. Failure is indicated on LEDs on the fronts of the units.

The SAU processor communicates with other processors in the accessmodule through the Node Communication Channel (NCC). The processor alsocommunicates with a PC through the Operation and Maintenance interface.

The SAU processor controls the user input/output ports and service channelrouting. The SAU processor communicates with other MINI-LINK sites throughthe External Alarm Channel (EAC) or the Remote Alarm Channel (RAC).

See Section 6.1.2 on page 95 for details on the communication channels.


The DC/DC converter in the SAU is powered from the MMUs in the accessmodule. It produces secondary voltages for the SAU circuitry.

3.10.2.5 Digital Service Channels (Exp 1 and Exp 2 only)

The digital service channels provide extra data channels over the hop. Forexample, they can be used for obtaining surveillance data from equipment notinstalled in the AMM. The service channels are available on the front of theSAU and are interconnected to the MMU through the backplane of the accessmodule, without any cabling.

67AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.10.2.6 RAC (Exp 1 and Exp 2 only)

The Remote Alarm Channel (RAC) is used when MINI-LINK terminals ondifferent sites cannot be reached by air.

The RAC has two ports, each one with a selectable interface: RS 232C foranalog fixed lines (through modem) and digital ITU-T Rec G.703 for 64 kbit/sfixed lines.

3.10.2.7 Analog Service Channel (Exp 2 only)

The analog service channel is used for speech communication betweenMINI-LINK sites. The service channel is connected from the service telephoneto the terminals in the AMM. This connection is controlled through MINI-LINKNetman or MSM. The service channels are distributed to remote sites throughthe MMUs and the RAUs.

3.10.2.8 Service Telephone (Exp 2 only)

Service Telephone (Exp 2 only) The SAU Exp 2 version is delivered with atwo-wire service telephone. The two-digit number for the telephone is setin MSM. A general call can be made simultaneously to all telephones or aselective call can be made to a specific number.

3.10.2.9 SAU Stand Alone

SAU stand alone (Exp 1 and Exp 2) can be used for connection of a remoteMINI-LINK C or MkII cluster through the RAC through a fixed line. The RACports provide both the RS 232C interface for connection through modem andthe 64 kbit/s digital interface. Two SAUs are required, one at each end. SAUstand alone (Exp1 and Exp 2) can also be used to connect a MINI-LINKnetwork to a remote O&M center through a 64 kbit/s fixed line. The SAU standalone (any version) can be used for connection of user input/output interfaces.The service channels in the SAU cannot be used.

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3.11 ETU – Ethernet Interface UnitThe ETU enables transmission of Ethernet traffic over a MINI-LINK E hop ornetwork. A typical application of the ETU is LAN-to-LAN interconnection.

The ETU is an indoor plug-in unit that fits into any available AMM slot. It hasone Ethernet interface, either for 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX, for connectionto a LAN. Three G.703 interfaces – 2, 8 and 34 Mbit/s (E1, E2 and E3) – areavailable for connection to an MMU or possibly an SMU. The selected G.703interface can work in combination with either 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX,providing selectable throughput capacity.

Ethernet traffic from the ETU can be combined with other traffic such asPBX, connected directly to the MMU. When using 34+2 Mbit/s traffic capacityfor example, 34 Mbit/s can be used for Ethernet data and 2 Mbit/s for voicetransmission.

Ethernet LAN

ETU

RAU

PossibleMINI-LINK E

repeater or network

n x E1/E2

E1/E2/E3

PBX

MMUor

SMU+MMU

EthernetLAN

ETU

n x E1/E2

E1/E2/E3AuxiliaryAlarm

AuxiliaryAlarm

PBX

MMUor

SMU+MMU

RAU

MINI-LINKNetman

10BASE-T/100BASE-TX

10BASE-T/100BASE-TX

3610

Figure 51 ETU used for LAN-to-LAN interconnection in combination withPBX traffic


The basic function of the ETU is to convert Ethernet traffic to a PDH datastream with a chosen traffic rate and vice-versa.

69AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


2 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s O&M 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ALARM34 Mbit/s

4490

Figure 52 ETU

Below follows a description of the ETU main functions.

3.11.1.1 Autonegotiation

The function enables automatic configuration of duplex mode (full or half) andEthernet traffic rate based on the configuration of the connected device, forexample a switch or a router. Autonegotiation is implemented according toIEEE 802.3 and can be switched off to allow manual configuration.

3.11.1.2 Transparency for VLAN

The ETU is transparent to Ethernet frames carrying VLAN tags, accordingto IEEE 802.1Q.

The ETU is transparent to Cisco ISL encapsulated Ethernet frames of type0000 with a maximum length of 1548 octets.

3.11.1.3 Self-learning MAC Level Bridge

The ETU has self-learning MAC level bridge functionality, according to IEEE802.1D, when operating at 10BASE-T. It learns the MAC addresses of alldevices in the connected LAN and does not transfer frames addressed to thesedevices to the LAN at the far-end, thus avoiding unnecessary LAN-to-LANtraffic.

3.11.1.4 Flow Control

The ETU supports flow control according to IEEE 802.3 (MAC Control PAUSEoperation). The function is used to temporarily pause transmission of traffic to acongested device by sending out multicast PAUSE frames.

3.11.1.5 RED Algorithm

The RED algorithm is used to improve the performance of the ETU in case ofcongestion, by randomly discarding packets when buffers are almost full. The

70 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


function can be turned on or off. It is recommended to have it on when the ETUbecomes congested and flow control cannot be used.


The configuration of the ETU is made locally using a terminal emulator, forexample Windows HyperTerminal. The PC is connected to the O&M port andcan also be used to display statistics on Ethernet traffic.

By connecting the ALARM port on the ETU to the NCC port (auxiliary alarminput) on the MMU, an alarm can be displayed in Netman or MSM.

The ETU is equipped with LEDs on the front panel providing status indicationaccording to the tables below.

Table 4 Yellow LED indication

ETU state Yellow LED state IndicationStartup Brief flash OK

Flashing Transmitting and/orreceiving Ethernettraffic

On Ethernet link up

Running

Off Ethernet link down

Table 5 Red LED indication

ETU state Red LED state IndicationStartup On Processor control

Off OKRunningOn Unit failure

Table 6 Green LED indication

ETU state Green LED state IndicationStartup On OK

On OKRunningOff Power supply failure

71AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



The ETU consists of the following functional blocks:

• Ethernet logic

• Traffic converter and buffer

• G.703 logic

Ethernetlogic

Trafficconverterand buffer

G.703logic

10BASE-T/100BASE-TX

O&M

E1/E2/E3

ALARM

LEDs

3611

Figure 53 ETU block diagram

3.11.2.1 Ethernet Logic

The block includes an Ethernet interface circuit.

Incoming Ethernet frames are captured, the preambles are cut off and theremaining frames are transferred to the next functional block.

Ethernet frames for transmission are received and preambles are added beforebeing transmitted.

3.11.2.2 Traffic Converter and Buffer

The Ethernet frames from the Ethernet side are stored in a buffer until theyare transmitted. Before the frames are sent to the G.703 logic they areencapsulated in HDLC frames.

The received HDLC frames are captured from the data received from the G.703logic block, the HDLC overhead is cut off and the remaining Ethernet framesare stored in a buffer.

The block also implements the O&M and LED functions.

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3.11.2.3 G.703 Logic

The block includes the PDH interface circuit where the incoming PDH traffic isdecoded from HDB3 and transferred to the next functional block. The outgoingtraffic is converted to HDB3 and sent to the MMU or possibly SMU.

The block also implements the interface for the ALARM signal.

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3.12 Traffic RoutingThe built-in software cabling between the indoor units within an AMM offers:

• Reduced requirement for external cabling at repeater and multi-terminalsites which means higher reliability and lower installation and cable costs.

• Reduced requirement for SMUs in some configurations, which means thathardware costs can be reduced.

• 8 Mbit/s traffic connections on the SMU (8x2 and 16x2) fronts which meansthat multiples of both 2 Mbit/s and 8 Mbit/s traffic connections are available.

The interconnections are made in the backplane and it is controlled from a PCwith the MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM) or the MINI-LINK Netman. A trafficrouting setup is possible from any node in the network.

The following pages include three examples of traffic routing.

Example 1: Traffic routing at a repeater site

In this example two 2 Mbit/s channels are repeated from one terminal toanother. The two terminals at the repeater site (called Feeder and Sub-link inthe figure below) are connected through the backplane of the access module.

2x2 Mbit/s

Feeder Sub-link

Outdoor units

Access module

1+0

AMM

2x2 Mbit/s1+0

FeederRadio Unit

Backplane

MMU 2x2

Sub-link Radio Unit

MMU 2x2

3544

Figure 54 Traffic routing at a 2x2 Mbit/s repeater site

74 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Example 2: Traffic routing at a repeater site with drop/insert

In this example two 8 Mbit/s channels are repeated from the feeder to thesub-link. Up to nine 2 Mbit/s channels (or two 8 Mbit/s channels plus one 2Mbit/s channel) can be dropped/inserted at the site.

Sub-link

Outdoor units

Access module

AMM

8x2 Mbit/s17x2 Mbit/s

34+2 Mbit/s1+1

Feeder2x8 Mbit/s

1+0

drop/insert

3545

FeederRadioUnit

Demultiplexer

SMU 16x2

Front connections9x2 Mbit/s

Backplane

MMU 2x8Sub-link Radio Unit

MMU 34+2

MMU 34+2

FeederRadioUnit

8/34Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Figure 55 Traffic routing at a repeater site with drop/insert

75AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Example 3: Traffic routing at a multi-terminal site

In this example two 8 Mbit/s channels are distributed from the feeder to sub-link1 and two 2 Mbit/s channels are distributed to sub-link 2. Up to seven 2 Mbit/schannels can be dropped/inserted at the site.

17x2Mbit/s

34+2 Mbit/s1+1

2x8 Mbit/s1+0

2x2 Mbit/s1+0

2x2Mbit/s

8x2Mbit/s

FeederSub-link 1

Sub-link 2

Outdoor units

Access module

AMM

drop/insert

3543

Demultiplexer

SMU 16x2

Front connections7x2 Mbit/s

Backplane

MMU 2x2

MMU 2x8MMU 34+2

MMU 34+2

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

8/34Multiplexer/

Sub-link 1Radio Unit

FeederRadioUnit

FeederRadioUnit

Sub-link 2Radio Unit

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer/

Figure 56 Traffic routing at a multi-terminal site

76 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3.13 Upgrading

3.13.1 Change of transmission capacity

The capacity agile MMU 2x2 – 34+2 allows capacity upgrade without hardwarereplacement. This is done by using MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM).

When using an MMU with fixed traffic capacity, the upgrade is achieved byexchanging it for an MMU with a higher traffic capacity.

When 8x2 or 17x2 Mbit/s is required an SMU has to be added. In some casesthe AMM 1U has to be changed to an AMM 2U-3. This applies to both thecapacity agile MMU and MMUs with fixed traffic capacity. See the MINI-LINK Eand E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011) for more information.

77AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


78 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


4 MINI-LINK E Micro

4.1 GeneralThe all-outdoor terminal, MINI-LINK E Micro, comprises an outdoor radio unit(RTU), an antenna with mounting kit and an optional Radio Connection Box(RCB). It is intended for all-outdoor solutions where it is combined with otherall-outdoor equipment.

The RTU can be combined with a wide range of antennas for integrated orseparate installation.

4.2 RTU – Radio UnitThe radio unit, RTU, is an all-outdoor radio for the 23 and 38 GHz frequencybands, with software selectable traffic capacity of 2 or 2x2 Mbit/s (38 GHzonly 2x2 Mbit/s).

The operating frequency is set on site using the MSM software on a PC.

The RTU, is a weatherproof box painted light gray, with a handle for lifting andhoisting. It connects to the antenna unit at the waveguide port. It also has twohooks and catches to guide it for easier handling, when fitting to or removingfrom an integrated antenna.

Radio units are available for different frequency channel arrangementsaccording to ITU-R and ETSI recommendations. For detailed information onfrequency versions, see Section 8 on page 125 and the MINI-LINK E and EMicro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011).

79AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3523

Figure 57 Radio unit RTU

The RTU consists of cover, frame, connection unit, modem board, microwaveunit and filter unit.

The connection unit forms the bottom of the radio unit cover and it holds alarmindicators (LEDs) and connectors for traffic, grounding, DC power, antennaalignment and operation and maintenance.

The connection unit is also equipped with lightning protection.

The modem board consists of circuits for baseband encoding/decoding andthe traffic interface.

The microwave unit is a circuit board assembly, consisting of a radio boardand two MCMs (Multi-chip Modules) for the transmitting and receiving parts ofthe radio unit. The high frequency MCM components are shielded with analuminum cover. In addition, it contains the DC/DC converters, control andsupervision functions and components for IF signal processing.

The filter unit consists of two branching filters and an impedance T-junctionthat is the interface with the antenna.

80 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Cover

Microwave unitFilter unit

Connection unitEarthing screw

Frame

Modem board

1234

Figure 58 RTU parts

81AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


4.3 Block Diagram

TransmitterOscillator Multiplier

PowerAmplifier

Transmit ter ( MCM )

FREQUENCY CONTROL TX

Multiplier

DownConverter

Filter &Amplifier

DownConverter

LowNoiseAmplifier

OutputLevelControl

FREQUENCY CONTROL RX

OUTPUTLEVEL SET

974 MHz

TX OFF

Receiver ( MCM )ReceiverOscillator

DC/DC Converter

OscillatorIF

FREQUENCY CONTROL IF

Alarm andControl

IF Converter

834 MHz

140 MHz


Processor Interface

To control and supervisionprocessor

Microwave Unit

Transmit

Modem Board

Traffic Interface, Radio Frame

ProcessingSignal

Baseband

Receive

ProcessingSignal

Baseband

RSSI

Connection Unitwith lig htning protection


Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

Secondaryvoltages

To Alignment Port


DC

BranchingFilter

BranchingFilter

Antenna

Filt er Unit

RFLoop

3525

Figure 59 RTU block diagram

4.4 Modem Board

TrafficInterface



Modulator

Demodulator

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

Modem Board

3526

Figure 60 Modem board

82 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


The traffic interface provides 2 or 2x2 Mbit/s long-haul traffic functions.

The purpose of the radio frame multiplexer / demultiplexer is multiplexing /demultiplexing of different service type data (traffic, control and supervisiondata) being sent over a hop.

In the transmitting direction, radio frame multiplexing, scrambling, Forward ErrorCorrection (FEC) encoding and modulation are applied.

In the receiving direction, descrambling, FEC decoding, radio framedemultiplexing and demodulation are applied.

4.4.1 Traffic Interface

Traffic inputs and outputs are connected to/from the radio unit.

Traffic signals are shaped in a pulse regenerating circuit. The clock is generatedand the signal is line-decoded on the transmitting side and line-encoded onthe receiving side.

4.4.2 Radio Frame Multiplexer and Forward Error Correction (FEC)

Two different data types are multiplexed into the data stream to be transmittedover the radio path:

• Traffic

• Hop Communication Channel (HCC)

Transmit Traffic Data

Two independent data channels can be sent by the radio. The data is sentto the multiplexer to assure data rate adaptation (stuffing). If no valid data ispresent at the input, an AIS signal is inserted at nominal data rate.

Hop Communication Channel (HCC)

HCC is a data channel for exchange of control and supervision informationbetween near and far-end radios.

Multiplexer

In the transmitting direction, traffic and hop communication data together withcheck bits and frame lock bits are sent in a composite data format definedby the frame format that is loaded into a Frame Format RAM. The 12 framealignment signal bits are placed at the start of the frame. Parity bits are insertedfor control of traffic data and stuffing bits are inserted into the composite frame.

83AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Scrambling and FEC Encoding

The synchronous scrambler has a length of 217 – 1 and is synchronized everyeighth frame (super frame). The FEC bits are inserted according to the frameformat and are calculated using an interleaving scheme.

The composite data stream consists of a 125 µs long frame, which contains theabove described data types.

Radio Channel Frame Structure

The figure below shows the radio channel frame structure for 2x2 Mbit/s.

T1+

CHK

T2+

T1

T2+

S2

T1+

T2

T1+

FEC

T2+

T1

C1+

T2

T1+

T2

T1+

S1

T2+

T1

SC1+

T2

T1+

T2

T1+

SC1

T2+

T1

S2+

T2

T1+

T2

FEC+

C22 2 2 22 2 16 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 12 2 20 2

formatFAS T1

+T2

T1+

K1

T2+

T1

S1+

T2

T1+

T2

T1+

K2

T2+

T1

T2+

S2

T1+

T2

T1+

K1

T2+

T1

FEC+

T2Numberof bits 12 10 2 10 2 8 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

Frame

5508

Frame length 125 s

T1 = Data from traffic channel 1 T2 = Data from traffic channel 2

K1 = Stuffing control T1 K2 = Stuffing control T2

S1 = Not used S2 = Not used

SC1 = Not used

C1 = HCC1 C2 = HCC2

CHK = Check bits FAS = Frame Alignment Signal

FEC = Forward Error Correction

Figure 61 Example of radio channel frame structure, 2x2 Mbit/s

Composite rates

The following composite bit rates are used:

• 2.2758 Mbit/s for 2 Mbit/s


84 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


4.4.3 Transmit Baseband Signal Processing

The composite data stream from the Radio Frame Multiplexer is C-QPSK*modulated, D/A converted and pulse shaped in a Nyqvist filter to optimize thetransm it spectrum.

* C-QPSK (Constant envelope offset – Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) isan offset-QPSK phase modulated signal. It is optimized for high frequencyefficiency since it combines the properties of constant envelope with highinterference discrimination.

4.4.4 Radio Frame Demultiplexer and Forward Error Correction (FEC)

On the receiving side the received composite data stream is demultiplexed andFEC corrected. The frame alignment function searches and locks the receiverto the frame alignment bit patterns in the received data stream.

Descrambling and FEC decoding

FEC is accomplished using FEC parity bits in combination with a data qualitymeasurement from the demodulator. The descrambler transforms the signal toits original state enabling the demultiplexer to properly distribute the receivedinformation to its destinations.

Demultiplexing

Demultiplexing is performed according to the stored frame format. Thedemultiplexer generates a frame fault alarm if frame synchronization is lost.The number of errored bits in the traffic data stream is measured using paritybits. These are used for BER detection and performance monitoring. Stuffingcontrol bits are processed for the traffic channels

Received Traffic Data

On the receiving side the following is performed to the traffic data:

• AIS insertion (at signal loss or BER ≤ 10–3)

• AIS detection

• Elastic buffering and clock recovery

4.4.5 Receive Baseband Signal Processing

The received 140 MHz signal is AGC amplified and filtered before conversionto I/Q baseband signals. The baseband signals are pulse shaped in a Nyqvistfilter and A/D converted before being C-QPSK demodulated.

85AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


4.4.6 RSSI

A portion of the 140 MHz signal is fed to a calibrated detector in the ReceivedSignal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to provide an accurate receiver input levelmeasurement. The measured level is accessible either as an analog voltage atthe alignment port or in dBm through the operation and maintenance system.

4.5 Microwave Unit

4.5.1 DC/DC Converter

The DC/DC converter provides stable voltages for the RTU.

4.5.2 Control and Supervision Processor

The processor for radio unit control and supervision is situated on themicrowave unit circuit board. Its main functions are described below.

Alarm collection

Alarm and status signals are collected, resulting in summary status signals (Aand B-alarms). Alarms are visualized by LEDs on the radio unit.

Command Handling

Commands such as transmitter activation/deactivation, channel frequencysetting, output power setting and RF loop activation/deactivation are executed.

Radio Terminal Control and Message Handling

In addition to the above, the processor controls the radio unit’s internalprocesses and loops.

4.5.3 Transmitter Block

Transmitter Oscillator (MCM)

The frequency of the transmitter is controlled in a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) (asample of the VCO signal is fed to a divider and further on to a programmablephase detector). An unlocked VCO loop generates a transmitter frequencyalarm.

86 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Multiplier (MCM)

The VCO signal is amplified and frequency multiplied (2 or 4 times dependingon the frequency band).

Power Amplifier (MCM)

Adjusting the gain of the power amplifier controls the transmitter output power.The output power is set in steps of 1 dB through the operation and maintenancesystem. The transmitter can be switched on or off by switching the final amplifier.

4.5.4 Output Level Control

The output signal level from the final amplifiers are analyzed in order to see iftransmitted power is within specified range (output power alarm).

4.5.5 Receiver Block

The received signal is fed from the input branching filter into a low noiseamplifier and a down-converter to the first IF of 974 MHz (Receiver MCM). Afterbandpass filtering and amplification, the signal is down-converted to the secondIF of 140 MHz (IF Converter). A portion of this 140 MHz is used in the RSSI.The 140 MHz signal from the IF Converter is amplified and fed to the modemboard. This double down-conversion with a high first IF enables frequencyselection over a wide frequency band, with excellent receiver spurious andimage rejection.

Receiver Oscillator and Multiplier (MCM)

The local oscillator signal used in the first down-conversion is generated in thesame way as for the transmitter oscillator. The signal is multiplied (2 or 4 timesdepending on channel frequency) and amplified.

4.5.6 IF Oscillator

The oscillator consists of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and a VCO. It is used forthe second down-conversion to 140 MHz. The VCO is also used for adjustmentof the received 140 MHz signal (through a control signal effecting the divisionnumber in the PLL).

87AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


4.6 Filter Unit

4.6.1 RF Loop

The RF Loop is used for test purposes only. When the loop is set, the transmitterfrequency is set to receiver frequency and transferred to the receiving side.

4.6.2 Branching Filter


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5 Antennas

5.1 Antenna DescriptionThe available antennas range from 0.2 m up to 3.0 m in diameter. For detailedinformation, see the MINI-LINK E and E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 1102011).

All antennas up to 1.8 m in diameter, named compact antennas, are normallyused in integrated installation where the radio unit is fitted directly to the rearof the antenna. They are made of aluminum, painted light gray and have astandard IEC 154 type B waveguide interface. The antennas can be adjustedfor vertical or horizontal polarization by adjusting the waveguide interface. Allhigh performance versions have an integrated radome.

All antennas can also be fitted separately from the radio unit, using a flexiblewaveguide to connect to the radio. For separate installation, any antenna withIEC 154 type B waveguide interface can be used.

3560

Figure 62 0.2 m, 0.3 m and 0.6 compact antennas integrated with RAU2

3557

Figure 63 0.3 m and 0.6 compact antennas integrated with RAU1

89AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


5.2 Antenna InstallationThis section describes the mounting kits for the 0.2 m, 0.3 m and 0.6 mcompact antennas.

An antenna mounting kit consists of two rigid, extruded aluminum bracketsconnected with two stainless steel screws along the azimuth axis. The bracketsare anodized and have threaded and unthreaded holes to provide adjustment ofthe antenna in azimuth and elevation.

The support can be clamped to poles with a diameter of 50 – 120 mm or onL-profiles 40 x 40 x 5 – 80 x 80 x 8 mm with two anodized aluminum clamps.

All screws and nuts for connection and adjustment are in stainless steel.NordLock washers are used to secure the screws.

3562

Figure 64 Mounting kit for the 0.2 m compact antenna

The 0.2 m compact antenna mounting kit can be adjusted by ±13 in elevationand by ±90 in azimuth.

3561

Figure 65 Mounting kit for 0.3 m and 0.6 m compact antennas

90 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


The mounting kit for 0.3 m and 0.6 m compact antennas can be adjusted by±15 in elevation and ±40 in azimuth. Both elevation and azimuth have amechanism for fine adjustment.

91AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


92 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


6 Management System

6.1 Operation and Maintenance FacilitiesAll MINI-LINK E and E Micro units have an integrated Control and SupervisionSystem (CSS) that continuously monitors the transmission quality and alarmstatus. The information is available through the supervision channel, which isextended throughout the MINI-LINK network.

Communication with CSS is carried out by means of a PC, along with MINI-LINKmanagement software. The MINI-LINK Netman software package is used forcentral supervision of large networks. A portable PC with MINI-LINK ServiceManager (MSM) is used for installation and field service.

See Netman Technical Description (AE/LZT 110 5048) for more information onmanagement system.

Radio Unit/Antenna Module

Access Module

Operation & maintenancecentre

Leased line orother fixed channel

PSTN back-upor other line

3509

Figure 66 General example of a supervised MINI-LINK network

CSS offers the following main features:

• Universal access: the system can be reached from any indoor unit orMINI-LINK E Micro

• Permission of multi-user applications

• Performance monitoring

• Performance and alarm log

• Alarm notification, transfer and status collection

93AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


• User inputs (optional SAU)

• User outputs (optional SAU)

• Near-end and far-end loop-back facilities

• Two built-in service channels for independent data or voice communications(optional SAU)

• Traffic routing

• Software selectable output power

• Traffic capacity of the MMU 2x2 – 34+2 is selectable locally on site usingMSM

6.1.1 Data Communication Network

The MINI-LINK E network can be divided into three networks: the trafficnetwork, the Data Communication Network (DCN) and the service channelnetwork. The DCN is the network that provides connection betweenManagement Systems and MINI-LINK terminals.

The teminals can be connected to each other and thereby forming asub-network. The DCN normally consists of a number of sub-networks.Sub-networks are isolated from each other and are each assigned to a specificNetman Server.

The management traffic consists of configuration, status information and errormessages.

For more information on DCN, see Netman Technical Description (AE/LZT110 5048).

94 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


6.1.2 Communication Channels

� � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � �

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� �

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� � �

� � � � � � � � � � ��

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� � � � � � � � � � ��

� � � � � � � � � � ��

� � � � � � !� � � " # �

� � � � � �

� � �

� "

$ % & &

Figure 67 Connection of terminals through the communication channels

The Node Communication Channel (NCC) is used for distribution of operationand maintenance data between units in one or two MINI-LINK E Access ModuleMagazines (AMMs). NCC connection between units in one AMM is donethrough the backplane, but for connection between two AMMs a connector onthe MMU front is used.

NCC is also used for distribution of operation and maintenance data between upto three MINI-LINK E Micro radios on the same site. Connectors for MINI-LINKE Micro are located inside the Radio Connection Box (RCB).

Alternatively, the EAC connector on the SAU can be used for interconnectionof AMMs within a site. EAC must be used for interconnection of more thantwo AMMs.

Data between indoor units and the Radio Unit (RAU) is distributed through theRadio Communication Channel (RCC). Over the hop, data between terminalsis distributed through the Hop Communication Channel (HCC).

Data to other MINI-LINK E access modules on the same site or to otherMINI-LINK equipment on the site is distributed through the External AlarmChannel (EAC) in the SAU. Operation and maintenance data to and from otherMINI-LINK clusters is distributed through the Remote Alarm Channel (RAC)through a fixed line (RS 232C or ITU-T G.703 64 kbit/s) in the SAU. The O&M

95AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


port is an ordinary serial communication port (RS 232C). The port is availableon every access module unit, and for MINI-LINK E Micro on the radio unit andRadio Connection Box (RCB). With a PC connected to this port, it is possible toread and transmit operation and maintenance data within the entire MINI-LINKnetwork.

6.1.3 Setup of Terminals

In order to have working surveillance, MINI-LINK equipment must beinterconnected through the different communication channels, and eachterminal within the network must have a unique identity. Each terminal mustalso know the identity of the remote terminal and the identities of terminalsconnected to its own communication channels. The setup is done by usingMSM. During installation, parameters such as standby mode, frequencychannel number, RF output power and alarm thresholds are set.

6.1.4 Fault Detection

A number of checkpoints are implemented to track a failure down to the faultyradio unit or units in the access module.

The following lists of terminal alarms describe the alarms that are presentedgraphically in the alarm field in the Netman or MSM Terminal window. Alarmswritten in bold typeface in the alarm list correspond to buttons in the Terminalwindow. These alarms comprise an underlying level shown in normal typeface.

An alarm generates either an A or B-alarm which is presented in Netman, MSMand on the Local Supervision Interface on the MMU for MINI-LINK E.

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6.1.4.1 Alarms for MINI-LINK E

Table 7 Transmitter alarms

Alarm DescriptionMUX LOS (SMU) Transmitting direction, input traffic failure to the SMU.Input EX:Y Input traffic failure on a 2 or 8 Mbit/s traffic signal in the transmitting

direction.MUX FAIL (SMU) Transmitting direction, input traffic failure to the 8/34 (E23) MUX

from a 2/8 (E12) MUX in the SMU.Input EX:Y Input traffic failure on an 8 Mbit/s traffic signal from a 2/8 MUX (E12) to

the 8/34 MUX (E23) in the transmitting direction (SMU 16x2).MOD LOS (MMU) Transmitting direction, input traffic failure to the MMU.Input (BB1/BB2) Input traffic failure to MMU modulator.Input EX:Y Input traffic failure in MMU 2/8 MUX (E12) (SMU 8x2).MOD FAIL (MMU) Transmitting direction, internal failure in the MMU.Input BB1 Input traffic failure to MMU modulator. (4x2 Mbit/s only).Mod Index The modulation index of the MMU, controlled by the far-end MMU, is

out of the allowed range.TX LOS (RAU) Transmitting direction, failure on the input IF signal from the MMU

to the RAU.Tx IF Input Failure on the received IF signal from the MMU to the RAU.TX FAIL (RAU) Transmitting direction, internal failure in the RAU.RF Output Level A major degradation of transmitter RF output level. Note: This alarm is

only enabled if the transmitter is on.RAU2 28-E only: An MMU with wrong traffic capacity is used.

Tx Frequency The transmitter frequency loop is unlocked. The fault turns off thetransmitter.

Table 8 Receiver alarms

Alarm DescriptionRX LOS (RAU) Receiving direction, low input power to the RAU.RF Input Level The received RF input signal level has dropped below the threshold for

the receiver.AGC Threshold The RF input level has dropped below the AGC threshold value. The AGC

threshold is set in Hop setup and is mainly used in 1+1 configurationsfor Rx switching at fading.

RX FAIL (RAU) Receiving direction, internal failure in the RAU.

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Alarm DescriptionRx AFC The frequency of the received signal is outside the range of the Automatic

Frequency Control in the RAU receiver.Rx Frequency The receiver frequency loop is unlocked.DMOD LOS(MMU)

Receiving direction, failure on the IF signal from the RAU to theMMU.

Rx IF Input Failure on the receiver IF signal from the RAU to the MMU.DMOD FAIL(MMU)

Receiving direction, internal failure in the MMU or the received RFsignal.

Radio Frame The receiver failed to recognize the frame of the received compositebit stream.

Radio ID The received traffic comes from a radio with an ID not matching thefar-end ID as set in the Hop setup. This alarm can only be enabled if theID Check is activated in Hop setup.

BER The Bit Error Rate (BER) for the received signal has exceeded the BERalarm threshold. The BER alarm threshold is set in the Hop setup. (BER10–3,10–4, 10–5 or 10–6)

Dmod Clock The internal data rate of the MMU does not correspond to the receiveddata rate. This will cause bit slip in the traffic bit stream.

Hitless Phase Failure when synchronizing the received traffic in the two MMUs. (1+1configurations only.)

AIS Received AIS is detected on the received traffic signal. (This alarm does not affectthe severity of the terminal.)

Frame E2:1 Receiving direction, MUX frame lock error. (4x2 Mbit/s in 1+0configurations only).

System Line FaultE2:1

Internal 8 Mbit/s Dmod signal in the MMU is lost (4x2 Mbit/s in 1+0configurations only).

DMUX LOS(SMU)

Receiving direction, failure on the traffic signal from the MMU tothe SMU.

System Line Fault Traffic signal failure to the MUX in receiving direction.DMUX FAIL(SMU)

Receiving direction, internal failure in the SMU.

System Line Fault Traffic signal failure to the MUX in receiving direction (SMU 16x2).Frame Receiving direction MUX frame lock error.AIS Received AIS is detected on the received traffic signal. (This alarm does not affect

the severity of the terminal)

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Table 9 Common alarms

Alarm DescriptionSMU COMMON Faults in the SMU (excluding defined MUX and DMUX faults).Switch Logic Fault within the protection switch logic (1+1 configurations only).Tx Switch Over Transmitter has been replaced due to transmitter alarm (1+1 Hot

configurations only).Configuration Configuration failure.Proc. Hardware A hardware fault is detected within the CSS of the unit.EEPROM Programming of the non-volatile memory in the unit is interrupted.NCC Ra Communication is lost on the NCC between the SMU and the MMU in

the terminal (1+1 configurations only).NCC Ext Communication is lost on the NCC to any terminal on the NCC (1+1

configurations only).MMU COMMON Faults in the MMU (excluding defined MOD and DMOD faults).Configuration Configuration failure.Proc. Hardware A hardware fault is detected within the CSS of the unit.EEPROM Programming of the non-volatile memory in the unit is interrupted.HCC Communication is lost on the HCC between the MMU and far-end MMU.RCC Communication is lost on the RCC between the MMU and the RAU.NCC Mux Communication is lost on the NCC between the MMU and the SMU in

the terminal (1+0 configurations only).NCC Ext Communication is lost on the NCC to any terminal on the NCC (1+0

configurations only).AUX Alarm for auxiliary units.

Fan unit: Two or more of the fans in the fan unit have stopped working, orDC supply to the fan is lost.MXU and ETU: DC supply or hardware failure.

RAU COMMON Faults in the RAU (excluding defined TX and RX faults).Proc. Hardware A hardware fault is detected within the CSS of the unit.EEPROM Programming of the non-volatile memory in the unit is interrupted.

99AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Table 10 SAU terminal alarm list

Alarm DescriptionConfiguration Configuration failure.Proc. Hardware A hardware fault is detected within the CSS of the unit.EEPROM Programming of the non-volatile memory in the unit is interrupted.Service Channel1, 2

Service channel failure.

User Input Active User Input.RAC 1, 2 RAC failure.EAC Communication is lost on the EAC to all other terminals on the EAC.NCC Ext Communication is lost on the NCC to any terminal on the NCC.

6.1.4.2 Alarms for MINI-LINK E Micro

Table 11 Transmitter alarms

Alarm DescriptionTX LOS Transmitting direction, input traffic failure to the MINI-LINK E Micro.Input E1:X Input traffic failure on a 2 Mbit/s traffic signal in the transmitting direction.TX FAIL Transmitting direction, internal failure in the MINI-LINK E Micro.Input E1:X Clock The internal data rate does not correspond with the received data rate.

This will cause a bit slip in the composite bit stream.Mod Index The modulation index, controlled by far-end, is out of allowed range.RF Output Level A major degradation of transmitter RF output level. Note: This alarm is

only enabled if the transmitter is on.Tx Frequency The transmitter frequency loop is unlocked. The fault turns off the

transmitter.

100 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04



Alarm DescriptionTX LOS Receiving direction, low input power to the MINI-LINK E Micro.RF Input Level The received RF input signal level has dropped below the threshold for

the receiver.AGC Threshold The RF input level has dropped below the AGC threshold value. The

AGC threshold is set in Main setup.RX FAIL Transmitting direction, internal failure in the MINI-LINK E Micro.Rx AFC The frequency of the received signal is outside the range of the Automatic

Frequency control in the receiver.Rx Frequency The receiver frequency loop is unlocked.Radio Frame The receiver failed to recognize the frame of the received composite bit

stream de to signal faulty.Radio ID The received traffic comes from a radio with an ID not matching the

far-end ID as set in the Main setup. This alarm can only be active if theID Check is activated in Main setup.

BER The Bit Error Rate (BER) for the received signal has exceeded the BERalarm threshold. The BER alarm threshold is set in the Main setup (BER10–3,10–4, 10–5 or 10–6).

Dmod Clock E1:X The internal data rate does not correspond with the received data rate.This will cause bit slip in the traffic bit stream.

AIS ReceivedE1:X

AIS is detected on the received traffic signal for channel E1:X. (Thisalarm does not affect the severity of the terminal.)

Table 13 Common alarms

Alarm DescriptionProc. Hardware A hardware fault is detected within the CSS of the unit.EEPROM Programming of the non-volatile memory in the unit is interrupted.HCC Communication is lost on the HCC between this and the far-end

MINI-LINK E or MINI-LINK E Micro.AC Loss of AC power supply to MINI-LINK E Micro (traffic can be maintained

with battery backup); RCB.NCC X Communication is lost on the NCC to any terminal on the NCC X.

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6.1.5 Loop Tests

There are two different ways to use loops:

• Fault tracing by checking alarm signal status.

• Installation test (applicable for MINI-LINK E) by connecting a test signaleither to the SMU input test port (when used) or the MMU input test portand then loop it back to the corresponding output test port for analysis (withfor example a BER-meter).

An Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) is generated at the traffic output when a loopis set.

6.1.5.1 Loops for MINI-LINK E

Near-end Loops

Near-end looping tests are used to find out if any of the units in the near-endterminal is faulty (the SMU, MMU or RAU).

The following near-end loop tests are available (the numbers in brackets aftereach loop refer to Figure 68 on page 103):

SMU Tx Loop (N1) In the SMU the traffic signal to be transmitted is,immediately at the input, looped back to the output(on the receiving side).

MMU Tx Loop (N2) The traffic signal to be transmitted is looped backat the input of the MMU.

MMU IF Loop (N3) In the MMU the traffic signal to be transmitted isafter being modulated mixed with the frequency ofa local oscillator and looped back for demodulation(on the receiving side).

RF Loop (N4) (1) In the RAU a fraction of the RF signal transmittedis shifted in frequency and looped back to thereceiving side.

(1)Not available for RAU1 26-E and RAU1 38-E

For further information, see section Block Diagrams over Loops on Page 104and block diagrams of the RAUs in Section 3.3.1 on page 26, Section 3.4.1 onpage 31 and Section 3.5.1 on page 36.

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3568

MMU RAU RAU MMUAIS

Near-end Far-end

N2N1 N3 N4

SMU(optional)

SMU(optional)

Figure 68 Near-end loops

Far-end Loops

Far-end looping tests are used in order to find out (from remote) if any of theunits in the far-end terminal is faulty (the SMU, MMU or RAU).

The following far-end loop tests are available (the numbers in brackets aftereach loop refer to Figure 69 on page 103):

MMU Rx Loop (F1) In the MMU the traffic signal being received (in thetraffic interface and router part of the unit) is loopedback to the transmitting side.

SMU Rx Loop (F2) In the SMU the traffic signal being received (in thetraffic interface and router part of the unit) is loopedback to the transmitting side.

For details see section Block Diagrams over Loops on Page 104 and blockdiagrams of the RAUs in Section 3.3.1 on page 26, Section 3.4.1 on page 31and Section 3.5.1 on page 36.

3567

MMU RAU RAU MMUAIS

Near-end Far-end

F2

SMU(optional)

SMU(optional)

F1

Figure 69 Far-end loops

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Block Diagrams over Loops



Modulator

Demodulator

CableInterface

RadioUnit

2/8/34 Mbit/s

2/8/2 Mbit/s


Front orbackplaneconnection

Local oscillator

IF LoopLO=

MMU Tx Loop MMU Rx Loop3569

Figure 70 MMU 2x2, 2x8 and 34+2 loops

Traffic Interface

andRouter

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer




Modulator

Demodulator

CableInterface

RadioUnit

8 Mbit/s

Front or backplaneconnection

Local oscillator

IF LoopLO=

MMU Rx Loop ( 4x2 Mbit/s) MMU Rx Loop (8 Mbit/s)MMU Tx Loop(8 Mbit/s)

MMU Tx Loop

3570

( 4x2 Mbit/s)

4x2 Mbit/s

Figure 71 MMU 4x2/8 loops

2x2 Traffic Interface

andRouter

Connections to MMUs

4x2 82x834

SMU Tx Loop SMU Rx loop

Front or backplaneconnection 2/8/34 Mbit/s

3572

Figure 72 SMU Sw loops

104 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Traffic Interface

andRouter

2 Mbit/schannels

TrafficRouter

8 Mbit/schannels

SMU Tx Loop

Front or backplane connection

SMU Rx loop

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

MMU1

MMU2

(1+1 only)

3573

Figure 73 SMU 8x2 loops

Traffic Interface

andRouter

2 Mbit/schannels

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer 8/34Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

TrafficRouter

34 Mbit/schannel

SMU Rx LoopSMU Tx Loop

Front or backplane connection

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

2/8Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

TrafficRouter

8 Mbit/schannels

Connections toMMUs

3571

Figure 74 SMU 16x2 loops

Note: Setting Rx and Tx loops is possible regardless of traffic capacity andwhether or not traffic routing is used.

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6.1.5.2 Loops for MINI-LINK E Micro

Near-end Loops

Near-end loop tests are used to find out if and where the near-end terminal isfaulty. The following near-end loop tests are available:

Tx Loop (E1:1 andE1:2 in MSM)

The traffic signal to be transmitted is, immediately atthe input, looped back to the output on the receivingside.

RF Loop The RF signal to be transmitted is immediately beforethe branching looped back to the receiving side.

Far-end Loop

Far-end loop tests are used to find out if and where the far-end terminal isfaulty. The following far-end loop test is available:

Rx Loop (E1:1 andE1:2 in MSM)

The traffic signal to be received is looped back tothe transmitting side.

' � � � � � � ' ( �� ) � � � * � � � � �

� � � ) � ' � � �

+ � ( � � ) � ' � � �

� � � � � *

� � � � � � !

� � � � � � !

# � ' , , � �� , ' � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

# � ' � ! ( � � � � � � ' � � � � � � � - � � � � � � �� - � � � � � � ' � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

' � � � � � � ' ( �+ � ( ) � � � * � � � � �

�

$ % & $

Figure 75 Loops for MINI-LINK E Micro

6.1.6 Test Port

Each SMU and MMU has one test port on the front panel for traffic in/outsignals. Any traffic signal 2, 8 or 34 Mbit/s can be connected to this port.

The traffic channel can be monitored with for example an analyzer withoutdisturbing the traffic. A BER-meter can also be connected to the test port.

106 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Test Port In

Test Port Out

Traffic In

Traffic Out

Test Port In

Test Port Out

Traffic In

Traffic Out

Analyser

MonitorBIT GeneratorBER Detector

Route

3576

Figure 76 Test Port facilities: Monitor and Route

6.1.7 Other Control Functions

Other control functions are:

P-mark

P-mark is a valuable facility during fault location. With P-mark activated, allalarm signals are generated and can be read in the normal way, but alarmnotification messages are inhibited.

TX On/Off

Transmitter can be set on or off.

Switch Mode (for 1+1 configurations only, applicable for MINI-LINK E)

Can be set to auto or manual. In automatic mode (set by default) switching iscontrolled by the state of different alarms. See Section 3.9.2.6 on page 58 fordetails. In manual mode, the user selects transmitting (1+1 Hot standby only)and receiving radio, irrespective of alarm status.

Restore

For resetting of the control functions in the terminal to default values.

Reset

Used to reset the processor in a selected unit within the terminal.

107AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


6.1.8 Performance Monitoring

Transmission performance according to ITU-T Rec G.826 is measured andstored. In case of protected operation, the performance for the protected pathis measured and stored.

6.1.9 Received Signal Level Monitoring

The received signal level is measured for the monitoring of:

• Antenna alignment (measured with external voltmeter in radio unit)

• Path acceptance to check that the actual RF input level equals the onepredicted (measured with a PC or a local display)

• Alarm generation

• RF input monitoring (measured with a PC or a local display)

• Long time RF input level measurement to discover slow degradation insystem gain

6.1.10 Summary Alarm

The following summary alarms (applicable for MINI-LINK E) are available at theaccess module (SAU) as parallel relay outputs:

• A-alarm - indicates traffic disturbing faults which calls for immediate action

• B-alarm - risk of disturbed traffic

In the event of DC power supply failure, both summary A-alarm and summaryB-alarm will go active.

6.1.11 User Input/Output

The User Input ports (applicable for MINI-LINK E) can be used to connectuser’s alarms to the MINI-LINK Operation and Maintenance network. Theuser’s alarms can for example be a fire alarm or a power supply alarm.

The User Output ports can be used for control of remote user’s functions. Theycan also be used to connect summary alarms from the access module to theusers’ supervisory system.

The SAU is required for the user input/output function. Eight User Input portsand four selectable Input or Output ports are available.

108 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


6.1.12 Service Channels

Two service channels per radio terminal (applicable for MINI-LINK E) areavailable on the optional SAU. The service channels have a digital interface(ITU-T Rec G.703) or an analog interface, (ITU-T Rec G.712) 2 wire (telephone)and 4 wire (branching).

The digital service channels are used for connection of external equipmentand the analog service channels are used for speech communication betweenMINI-LINK sites.

SAU Exp 1 offers two digital service channel interfaces per radio terminal andSAU Exp 2 offers one digital and one analog service channel interface perradio terminal.

6.1.13 Repair

Replacement of the faulty unit, outdoors or indoors, is done on site.

A new setup needs to be done for replaced indoor units and MINI-LINK E Micro.

Indoor units can be set to factory delivered configuration (factory setup) bymeans of a special plug or by MSM. The preset plug is connected to the O&Mport on the unit. Setup of MINI-LINK E Micro can only be done by MSM.

When a RAU1 or RAU2 has been replaced, no new setup has to be performedbecause the MMU automatically holds backup information.

6.1.14 Local Supervision Interface

The local supervision interface consists of LEDs on the outdoor radio unit forfault detection.

Additional possibilities for MINI-LINK E:

• LEDs on the indoor units for fault detection.

• Display and switches on the MMU front for local failure presentation,monitoring and control. The local control can be turned off by MINI-LINKNetman or MSM.

6.1.15 Software Upgrading

Software upgrading can be made from remote at the same time on all unitsof the same type in a network by using MINI-LINK Netman or MSM. It is abackground process allowing the user to have full access to the managementsystem, with no traffic disturbances.

It is also possible to upgrade software locally on site.

109AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


6.2 MSM – MINI-LINK Service ManagerThe MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM) is used for installation and fieldsupport of MINI-LINK E and E Micro, C and MkII equipment. MSM software isrun under Windows 98, 2000 or NT on a PC.

Using MSM enables access to all terminals in a sub-network from any site inthe network. Several PCs can access the same network simultaneously.

MSM facilities include setup, local and remote fault tracing as well asperformance monitoring, with the same user interface as in Netman.

The figure below illustrates MSM connected to a sub-network.

503A

502B

MINI-LINKService Manager

Sub-network

3565

Figure 77 Field support using the MINI-LINK Service Manager

110 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


6.3 MINI-LINK NetmanMINI-LINK Netman is the element manager of a MINI-LINK point-to-pointnetwork. It supervises the sub-networks from an operation and maintenancecenter, where it can either be integrated with a Network Management System orused as a stand-alone system. It handles functions such as fault management,performance management, commands and configuration of equipment.

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��

� � . � � � � � ( � � � � � ' � ' / � � ��

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� ' � � ' � � � 0 � �� , ' � �

� � � � � � � � � �� ( ' �

$ % 1 1

Figure 78 MINI-LINK Netman as part of a larger management system

Netman supports multiple sub-networks of MINI-LINK terminals. It allowsseveral users to access any part of the network simultaneously by usingmultiple clients.

Netman communicates with the Control and Supervision System (CSS) whichis integrated in all MINI-LINK E and E Micro terminals. For more informationon CSS, see Section 6.1 on page 93.

MINI-LINK High Capacity terminals are supervised by launching a webapplication from Netman.

111AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Netman provides the operator with:

• User-friendly interface based on Microsoft Windows NT or Windows 2000

• Access for multiple users

• Functions for configuration, fault, performance and security management

• Scaleable system

• Standardized SNMP interface which enables communication with mostNetwork Management Systems

For more information, see Netman Technical Description (AE/LZT 110 5048).

112 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7 Accessories

The product program contains a comprehensive set of accessories forinstallation and operation. For detailed ordering and information see theMINI-LINK E and E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011). This chaptergives additional technical information for some accessories.

7.1 RCB – Radio Connection BoxThe Radio Connection Box (RCB) facilitates installation of MINI-LINK E Microradios since it connects management channels and makes AC power supplypossible.

4275

Figure 79 Radio Connection Box (RCB)

The RCB can be used for configuration of up to three MINI-LINK E Micro radiosand has the following functions:

• Traffic distribution

• Interconnection of Node Communication Channels (NCC) between theMINI-LINK E Micro radios

• O&M interface with the MINI-LINK E Micro radios

113AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


• Power supply functions:− DC/DC converter that converts the incoming DC voltage (24 – 60 V DC,

nominal DC power) to –48 V DC.− Optional AC/DC converter, which converts the mains AC (100 – 250 V

DC, nominal) supply to –48 V DC, with back-up batteries to be activatedin case of disrupted mains supply.

The RCB can be installed either at a mast (pole diameter 50 – 120 mm, L-profile40 x 40 x 5 – 80 x 80 x 8 mm) or on a wall, up to 400 m from the radio. It isequipped with lightning and short circuit protection.

An alarm signal is generated if there is loss of AC power supply.

PC withMSM

MINI-LINKE Micro

MINI-LINKE Micro

MINI-LINKE Micro

Radio Connection Box

Traffic 1

Traffic 2

O&M

Radio cable

Radio cable

Radio cable

TrafficDistribution

AC/DCAC

DC

O&MSwitch

O&MSwitch

Batteries DC/DC

NCC

3582

Figure 80 Radio Connection Box (RCB) connected to three MINI-LINK EMicro radios

114 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7.2 MXU – MINI-LINK Cross-connect UnitThe MXU is a digital cross-connect unit that fits into any available AccessModule Magazine (AMM) slot. The unit is equipped with four framed 2 Mbit/sinterfaces and one unframed V.24 data interface.

DIG IF 1-4 DATA IF 5 O&M ALARM I/O DC + -

1234

Figure 81 MXU

The MXU is fully compatible with Ericsson DXX products and can be integratedinto any DXX network.

It provides the following functions:

• Embedded management channel

• Grooming

• Ring-configured networks for protection

115AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


1)

2)

3)

Other transportation medium

1) Embedded management channel2) Grooming3) Protection switching for ring configurations

Feeder Node (DXX and MINI-LINK E)

MINI-LINK Cross-connect Unit (MXU)

MINI-LINK E Micro

MINI-LINK E

MINI-LINK E and

5501

Figure 82 Network configuration with MXU

7.2.1 Embedded Management Channel

The MXU makes it possible to transport operation and maintenance databetween isolated sub-networks in an available time slot in the 2 Mbit/s traffic.However, time slot 0 is reserved according to ITU-T Rec G.704. The MXU canbe connected to the MMU (O&M connector), as described below, or to theSAU (RAC connector).

The figure below shows how the left-hand MXU arranges operation andmaintenance data from a sub-network into one of the 64 kbit/s time slots.Merged information can be transported over any medium, for instance leasedline, to the right-hand MXU. The MXU separates traffic and operation andmaintenance data, which then can be supervised by MINI-LINK Netman.

116 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


SITE B

MXU

SITE A

O&M

other transmission media

MMU

MXU

MMU

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

0 31

0 31

O&M

O&M

0 31

WAN/LANTCP/IP

MINI-LINK Netman Client/Server

Terminal Server

3581

Figure 83 By using the MXU, management information from isolatedsub-networks can be integrated in the traffic and thereby transported over anymedium for central supervision

7.2.2 Grooming

The MXU can save traffic capacity by packing traffic on 64 kbit/s level. Exceptfor time slot 0, data can be placed in any of the 32 time slots in a frame.

To the left in the figure below, a network expansion is shown. The illustrationto the right shows the details of grooming, where 2 Mbit/s traffic is packed inorder to save capacity, on the site with the MXU. Only 1x2 Mbit/s is requiredfor the radio link connection to radio terminal C as compared with 3x2 Mbit/swithout using the MXU.

Radio Terminal A

MXU

2 Mbit/s

MMU MMUMMU

BTS

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

310 0 31

0 31

310

Radio Terminal B Radio Terminal C

BTS BTS

BTS

BTS

BTSand MXU

(as shown to the right)

BTS

1x2

1x2

1x2

1x2

Before expansion

After expansion

3583

Figure 84 Capacity savings due to grooming

117AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7.2.3 Ring-configured Networks for Protection

The MXU makes ring network protection possible.

In the figure below, data is sent in both directions (clockwise, Tx_D, andcounter-clockwise, Tx_E) in the ring network but only received in one. Ifconnection is lost between two sites an error signal will activate the MXUto switch to receive from the intact part of the ring (Rx_D coming from radioterminal D in this case).

MXU

Radio Terminal D

MMU MMU

BTS

Radio Terminal E

Rx_D

Tx_D

Rx_E

Tx_E

Tx Rx

3585

Figure 85 Ring network with MXU for protection

118 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7.2.3.1 Configuration of a Site in a Ring

MMU SMU SMU MMU

MXU

8x2 8x22x8 2x8

drop / insert 2 Mbit/s 3580

Figure 86 MINI-LINK E site in a ring

Every site needs to have a digital cross-connect unit for re-routing of traffic if alink fails. The feeder node requires a DXX cross-connect unit and an MXU issufficient for any other site.

7.2.3.2 MXU Management

Setup of the MXU is made by using a PC with the Service Computer Software.

The MXU can be integrated in a network and be managed by the DXX ManagerNetwork Management System.

The MXU can besupervised from Netman using an SAU for integration ofalarms.

119AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7.3 DDU – DC Distribution UnitThe DC Distribution Unit (DDU) is used to distribute power supply to up to fiveindoor units, such as MMUs and fan units.

DC IN OUT 1 - 5

5506

Figure 87 DDU

The DDU is connected to the primary power supply with a shielded batterycable. The primary power supply should have a fuse to protect the DDU andthe battery cable. Each output is protected by an automatic type fuse (6 A)combined with an ON/OFF switch.

There are two versions of the DDU available:

Negative earth For +24 V DC. The positive pole is connected to theDDU and the negative pole is connected to ground.

Positive earth For –48 V DC. The negative pole is connected to theDDU and the positive pole is connected to ground.

120 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


DDU MINI-LINK

C

C

C

C

C

A B

D

D

D

D

D

3579

Figure 88 System configuration of the DDU

A Primary power supplyB External fuse for the primary power supplyC Fuse for MINI-LINK equipmentD MINI-LINK equipment

121AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7.4 PSU – AC/DC Power Supply UnitThe PSU converts 110/220 V AC to –48 V DC and has three DC outputs forconnection to MINI-LINK E indoor units. The maximum output power of thePSU is 120 W.

T 3.15 AH 250 V

110/220 VAC 50/60 Hz

CAUTIONAGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTIONONLY WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE

5134

Figure 89 PSU

The PSU has the following features:

• Overload/short circuit protection and current limitation on each DC output

• Floating DC output

• Lightning protection and EMC filters on the input

There is a main switch on the front panel to turn the incoming AC voltage onand off. An indication LED lights green when it is turned on.

The PSU has replaceable slow blow fuses on the AC inlet, one for eachconductor. The fuses can be replaced from the front side.

The DC outputs are self-protected against overload and short circuit (<0.1 )during start-up or under any operating mode. Each DC output is separatelyprotected by automatic type fuses and the status is indicated by a green LED.

122 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


PSU MINI-LINK

A B

C

C

C D

D

D

5185

Figure 90 System environment of the PSU

A Mains supplyB PSU fuses for the mains supply (glass-tube fuses)C PSU fuses for the MINI-LINK equipment (built-in automatic type

fuses)D MINI-LINK equipment

123AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


7.5 Terminal ServerThe single-port terminal server enables integration of a MINI-LINK Esub-network in an IP based Data Communication Network (DCN) that carriesO&M data. The basic function is interface conversion between RS 232C andTCP/IP.

The terminal server is connected to the O&M port on the front-end terminal inthe sub-network. The connection to the DCN is IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T throughan RJ-45 connector.

IP based DCN

NetmanServer

MINI-LINK Esub-network

Front-endterminal

Terminalserver

RS 232C10BASE-T

5356

Figure 91 Terminal server system environment

The setup can be done locally from a terminal emulator, such as WindowsHyperTerminal. After the IP address has been set, a Telnet session will workjust as well.

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8 Technical Data

All technical data is typical unless otherwise stated.

8.1 System Parameters

Frequency Ranges

The RAU1, RAU2 and RTU radio units are available for frequency ranges inaccordance with the table below.

Table 14 Frequency ranges

Radio unit Frequency range [GHz] Sub-band coverage [MHz]RAU17-E 7.1 – 7.7 60 (140)

89 (148), sub-bands 11 – 1842 (84), sub-bands 21 – 3742 (98), sub-bands 41 – 47

8-E 7.7 – 8.5

42 (91), sub-bands 51 – 5715-E 14.4 – 15.35 110

300, sub-bands 11 – 18, 31 – 32, 35 – 36, 41 – 4818-E 17.7 – 19.7

100, sub-bands 21 – 2823-E 21.2 – 23.6 560

26-E 24.5 – 26.5 450

38-E 37.0 – 39.5 280RAU213-E 12.75 – 13.25 80

23-E 21.2 – 23.6 56028-E 27.5 – 29.5 430

38-E 37.0 – 40.0 280RTU23-E 21.2 – 23.6 560

38-E 37.0 – 40.0 280

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The frequency is synthesizer controlled. Each radio unit covers a sub-bandof the frequency band and has a fixed duplex distance (difference betweentransmitted and received frequency). The width of the sub-band covered by aspecific version is different for different frequencies in accordance with the tableabove. The values in brackets are gained by replacement of the filter unit.

Frequency Plans

The radio unit is available for different frequency channel arrangementsaccording to ITU-R and ETSI recommendations.

See frequency plans in MINI-LINK E and E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT110 2011).

Frequency Tolerance

±10 ppm from nominal.

Channel Spacing for MINI-LINK E

• 3.5 MHz for 2x2 Mbit/s

• 7 MHz for 4x2 and 8 Mbit/s

• 14 MHz for 2x8 and 8x2 Mbit/s (13.75 MHz for 18 GHz)

• 28 MHz for 17x2 and 34+2 Mbit/s (27.5 MHz for 18 GHz)

Channel Spacing for MINI-LINK E Micro

• 3.5 MHz for 1x2 and 2x2 Mbit/s

8.1.1 Transmitter Performance

All radio units, except for RAU1 26-E and RAU1 38-E, have built-in variableattenuators that can be adjusted from MINI-LINK Netman or MSM. RAU1 26-Eand RAU1 38-E have mechanically adjustable attenuators.

In addition to variable attenuators, all RAU1 radios can have optional fixed RFattenuators fitted inside the radio unit.

126 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Radio Output Power

Table 15 Radio output power

Radio unit Output power Output power with optionalfixed attenuators

RAU17-E +1 to +21 dBm ±2 dB –16 to +21 dBm7-E HP +8 to +28 dBm ±2 dB –9 to +28 dBm8-E 0 to +20 dBm ±2 dB –17 to +20 dBm8-E HP +6 to +26 dBm ±2 dB –11 to +26 dBm15-E +3 to +18 dBm ±2 dB –17 to +18 dBm15-E HP +10 to +25 dBm ±2 dB –10 to +25 dBm18-E +2 to +17 dBm ±2 dB

(sub-band 11 – 18, 31 – 32, 35 – 36, 41 – 48)–16 to +17 dBm

+1 to +16 dBm ±2 dB(sub-band 21 – 28)

–17 to +16 dBm

18-E HP +9 to +24 dBm ±2 dB(sub-band 11 – 18, 31 – 32, 35 – 36, 41 – 48)

–9 to +24 dBm

+8 to +23 dBm ±2 dB(sub-band 21 – 28)

–10 to +23 dBm

23-E +5 to +20 dBm ±3 dB –30 to +20 dBm26-E +10 dBm ±2.5 dB, mechanically adjustable

down to –5 dBm–40 to +10 dBm

26-E HP +3 to +18 dBm ±2.5 dB –32 to +18 dBm38-E +16.5 dBm ±3 dB, mechanically adjustable

down to –8.5 dBm–33.5 to +16.5 dBm

RAU213-E –7 to +18 dBm ±2 dB N/A13-E HP –7 to +23 dBm ±2 dB N/A23-E –7 to +20 dBm ±2 dB N/A23-E HP –7 to +23 dBm ±2 dB N/A28–E –10 to +16 dBm ±2 dB N/A28–E HP –10 to +20 dBm ±2 dB N/A38-E –10 to +17 dBm ±2 dB N/A

127AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Table 15 Radio output power

Radio unit Output power Output power with optionalfixed attenuators

RTU23-E –7 to +20 dBm ±2 dB N/A23-E HP –7 to +23 dBm ±2 dB N/A38-E –10 to +17 dBm ±2 dB N/A

Transmitter Spurious Levels

30 MHz to 21.2 GHz: < –60 dBm (RAU1)< –50 dBm (RAU2 and RTU)

21.2 GHz to 110 GHz: < –30 dBm

A frequency band ±2.5 times the channel spacing from the nominal transmitterfrequency is excluded from this requirement.

Output Spectrum

The transmitter spectrum stays within masks given below. The 0 dB levelrelates to the peak of the modulated spectrum disregarding residual carrier.The spectrum is measured with the following analyzer settings:

• IF bandwidth 100 kHz for 34+2 Mbit/s, 30 kHz at lower traffic rates

• Video bandwidth is 300 Hz, except for 2x2 Mbit/s where it is 100 Hz

A0

A1

A2

f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 3608

Figure 92 RF spectrum masks, see tables below for values. Frequency fromnominal carrier frequency.

128 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Table 16 MINI-LINK E (guaranteed values)

Trafficcapacity[Mbit/s]

Relative power densitylevel [dB]

Frequency [MHz]

A0 A1 A2 f1 f2 f3 f42x2 0 –23 –45 1.4 2.8 5 94x2/8 0 –23 –45 2.5 5.6 9 182x8/8x2 0 –23 –45 5 11 17 35

34+2/17x2 0 –23 –45 10.5 19 30 70

Table 17 MINI-LINK E Micro (guaranteed values)

Trafficcapacity[Mbit/s]

Relative power densitylevel [dB]

Frequency [MHz]

A0 A1 A2 f1 f2 f3 f41x2 0 –23 –45 0.7 1.4 2.5 4.52x2 0 –23 –45 1.4 2.8 5 9

129AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


8.1.2 Receiver Performance

Table 18 Receiver thresholds RAU1

Radio unit Traffic capacity[Mbit/s]

BER 10–3 threshold[dBm]


Typ. Guar. Typ. Guar.RAU17-E 2x2

4x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–91–88–85–82

–90–87–84–81

–87–84–81–78

–86–83–80–77

8-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–91–88–85–82

–90–87–84–81

–87–84–81–78

–86–83–80–77

15-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–91–88–85–82

–90–87–84–81

–87–84–81–78

–86–83–80–77

18-E (1) 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–90–87–84–81

–89–86–83–80

–86–83–80–77

–85–82–79–76

23-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–90–87–84–81

–89–86–83–80

–86–83–80–77

–85–82–79–76

26-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–89–86–83–80

–88–85–82–79

–85–82–79–76

–84–81–78–75

38-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–85–82–79–76

–84–81–78–75

–81–78–75–72

–80–77–74–71

(1) Receiver threshold values for sub-bands 21-28 are 1 dB higher

130 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Table 19 Receiver thresholds RAU2




Typ. Guar. Typ. Guar.RAU213-E 2x2

4x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–91–88–85–82

–90–87–84–81

–87–84–81–78

–86–83–80–77

23-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–90–87–84–81

–89–86–83–80

–86–83–80–77

–85–82–79–76

28-E 2x8/8x234+2/17x2

–83–80

–82–79

–79–76

–78–75

38-E 2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

–85–82–79–76

–84–81–78–75

–81–78–75–72

–80–77–74–71

Table 20 Receiver thresholds RTU



BER 10-6 threshold[dBm]

Typ. Guar. Typ. Guar.RTU23-E 1x2

2x2–92–90

–91–89

–88–86

–87–85

38-E 2x2 –85 –84 –81 –80

Residual BER

Residual BER for RF input level from –30 dBm down to 10 dB above thethreshold for 10–6:

• <10–10 for traffic capacity < 34 Mbit/s

• <10–11 for traffic capacity 34 Mbit/s

Co-channel and Adjacent Channel Interference

The limits of co-channel and adjacent channel interference are as given in thetable below, giving C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB degradation of the 10–6 BER

131AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


limits, specified in the receiver threshold tables in this section. The values areindependent of traffic capacity, except for MINI-LINK E Micro (1x2 Mbit/s).

Table 21 Limits of co-channel and adjacent channel interference

Interference type C/I for 1 dB degradation of BERlimit [dB]

C/I for 3 dB degradation of BERlimit [dB]

Co-channel 23 19

Adjacent 0(–3 for 1x2 Mbit/s)

–4(–7 for 1x2 Mbit/s)

CW (Unmodulated Carrier) Interference

For a receiver operating at the specified 10–6 threshold, the introduction of aCW interferer with C/I of –30 dB at any frequency up to 80 GHz, excluding afrequency two times the channel spacing on either side of the wanted frequency,does not result in a BER greater than 10–5.

Signature

Reference delay: 6.3 ns. Typical data in brackets. Minimum phase andnon-minimum phase.

Table 22 MINI-LINK E

BER 10–3 BER 10–6Traffic capacity[Mbit/s] Notch depth

[dB]Sign. width[MHz]

Notch depth[dB]

Sign. width[MHz]

2x24x2/82x8/8x234+2/17x2

31 (35)26 (29)20 (23)14 (17)

3 (3)6 (5.5)12 (10)24 (20)

28 (32)23 (26)17 (20)11 (14)

4 (3)7 (6)12 (10.5)24 (21)

Table 23 MINI-LINK E Micro

BER 10–3 BER 10–6Traffic capacity[Mbit/s] Notch depth

[dB]Sign. width[MHz]

Notch depth[dB]

Sign. width[MHz]

1x22x2

31 (35)31 (35)

1.7 (1.5)3 (3)

28 (32)28 (32)

2 (1.7)4 (3)

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8.1.3 1+1 Protection Switching

8.1.3.1 Switching due to Hardware Failure

Transmitter Switching

Maximum interrupt time on any traffic at hot standby switching, that is thetime from detected failure in redundant equipment until regained framesynchronization in final demultiplexer on the receiving side, is 200 ms.

Receiver Switching

Maximum interrupt time for hardware switching is 40 ms.

8.1.3.2 Switching due to Fading

Receiver Hitless Switching

With standby channel working at –60 dBm RF input level and operating channelRF input moving from –60 dBm down to –90 dBm at a velocity of <20 dB/s, thereceiver switching is hitless.

Note: Manual switching controls both the RMX Switch and Hardware Switch,see also Section 3.9.2.6 on page 58.

8.1.4 Power Splitter Attenuation for 1+1 Systems

The power splitter is used when two radio units are connected to one antenna.The power splitter comes in two versions:

• Symmetrical, with equal attenuation in both channels

• Asymmetrical, with one main channel and one standby channel

The symmetrical version is mainly used in 1+1 working standby systems whereboth radios are transmitting (Working standby provides not only hardwareprotection but also frequency diversity). The asymmetrical version is mainlyused in 1+1 hot standby systems where only one radio is transmitting.

If the fade margin is low in a 1+1 hot standby system, the symmetrical powersplitter is recommended. This is due to the fact that the fade margin will bereduced by almost 11dB in worst case.

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Table 24 Power splitter attenuation (guaranteed values)

Type [GHz] Symmetrical splitter [dB] Asymmetrical splitter [dB]7 – 28 3.5 / 3.5 1.6 / 738 3.7 / 3.7 1.7 / 7

8.1.5 Waveguide Attenuation

Typical attenuations for flexible waveguides are given in the table below.

Table 25 Waveguide attenuation

Frequency[GHz]

Attenuation for 0.65 mwaveguide [dB]

Attenuation for 0.9 mwaveguide [dB]

7 0.2 0.38 0.3 0.413 0.4 0.515 0.5 0.718 0.6 0.823 1.0 1.426/28 1.3 –

38 1.4 –

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8.2 Antenna Data

8.2.1 Antenna Electrical Data

For information on waveguide interfaces, see Table 51 on page 165.

Antenna Gain [dBi]

Typical mid-band gains for antennas are given in the table below. The figuresapply to high performance single polarized antennas.

Table 26 Mid-band gain for antennas

Antenna 7/8 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 38 GHz0.2 m – – – – 31.8 – 34.6 36.60.3 m – – 32.1 34.4 36.2 37.3 38.1 40.00.6 m 31.0 36.0 36.6 39.2 40.0 41.5 42.4 44.31.2 m 37.0 41.8 42.7 44.6 46.0 47.1 48.0 –

1.8 m 41.0 45.3 46.4 48.5 49.5 – – –

2.4 m 42.9 – – – – – – –

3.0 m 44.8 – – – – – – –

Half Power Beamwidth [3 dB]

Min/max figures (guaranteed values) in E and H-plane are given in the tablebelow. The figures apply to high performance single polarized antennas.

Table 27 Min/max figures (in degrees) in E and H-plane

An-tenna

7/8 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 38 GHz

0.2 m – – – – 3.7/4.6 – 2.9/3.7 2.1/2.80.3 m – – 3.6/4.8 2.8 / 3.8 2.3/3.1 2.1/2.8 1.9/2.5 1.5/2.00.6 m 3.7/4.9 2.4/3.1 2.1/2.9 1.6/2.3 1.3/2.0 1.2/1.8 1.0/1.6 0.8/1.21.2 m 1.9/2.2 1.3/1.5 1.1/1.4 0.8/1.1 0.7/1.0 0.6/0.8 0.5/0.7 –

1.8 m 1.29/1.58 0.88/0.94 0.74/0.87 0.58/0.65 0.49/0.51 – – –

2.4 m 1.0/1.35 – – – – – – –

3.0 m 0.85/1.1 – – – – – – –

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Front to Back Ratio [dB]

Front to back ratios (guaranteed values) for high performance, single polarizedantennas are given in the table below.

Table 28 Front to back ratios

Antenna 7/8 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 38 GHz0.2 m – – – – 55 – 60 540.3 m – – 52 55 59 62 63 600.6 m 57 61 64 66 63 67 67 631.2 m 63 67 72 73 73 73 73 –

1.8 m 68 72 74 77 79 – – –

2.4 m 68 – – – – – – –

3.0 m 70 – – – – – –

ETSI RPE Classes

Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) class compliance according to ETSI EN 300833. The figures apply to high performance single polarized antennas.

Table 29 ETSI RPE Classes

Antenna 7/8 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 38 GHz0.2 m – – – – 2 – 2 20.3 m – – 2 2 3 2 2 3/2 (1)

0.6 m 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3/2 (1)

1.2 m 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 –

1.8 m 3 3 3 3 3 – – –

2.4 m 2 – – – – – – –

3.0 m 2 – – – – – – –(1) Vertical/horizontal polarization

For further information on electrical data for antennas please contact yourEricsson representative.

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8.2.2 Antenna Environmental Requirements

Wind Velocity

The equipment is designed for the following wind velocities in stationary use.

0.2 – 1.8 m compact antennas:

• 50 m/s operational requirement

• 70 m/s survival requirement

2.4 m and 3.0 m antennas:

• 50 m/s operational requirement

• 55 m/s survival requirement

• An additional side strut will increase the survival wind velocity to 67 m/s

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Wind Force, Torque and Overpressure

The force and torque at operational wind velocity for high performance antennasare given in the table below. Furthermore, maximum allowed antenna feedoverpressure (P) is specified in the table.

Table 30 Force and torque at operational wind velocity

Antenna F [N] M [Nm] P [kPa]0.2 m 170 40 400.3 m 190 50 400.6 m (7/8 GHz) 765 285 48

0.6 m (13 – 38 GHz) 570 180 401.2 m 2 305 744 481.8 m 4 986 2 184 482.4 m 9 140 3 970 703.0 m 14 282 6 996 70

M

F

3592

Figure 93 Wind force and torque

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8.3 Environmental RequirementsTable 31 Outdoor units

full performance:–33 C to +55 C

RAU1full functionality:–50 C to +60 Cfull performance:–45 C to +55 C–33 C to +55 C (38 GHz )

Temperature limits(shade)

RAU2RTU

full functionality:–50 C to +60 C

RAU1 full performance:–33 C to +45 CTemperature limits

plus solar radiation,(≤1 120 W/m2) RAU2

RTUfull performance:–45 C to +45 C–33 C to +45 C (38 GHz)

Relative humidity 8 – 100%Degree of protection providedby enclosures (according toEN 60529/IEC 529

IP 54

Table 32 Indoor units

full performance:–5 C to +45 C

Temperature limitsfull functionality:–20 C to +60 C

Relative humidity 5 – 90%Degree of protection providedby enclosures (according toEN 60529/IEC 529

IP 20

EMC Performance

According to EN 55022 B, EN 50082-1 and EN 300 385.

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8.4 Power SupplyThe equipment shall be supplied by a double-reinforced SELV source. A circuitbreaker with a rating of maximum 16 A shall be incorporated into the circuit.

8.4.1 MINI-LINK E

Power Supply

Input DC Voltage 24 – 60 V DC, nominal(20.4 – 72.0 V DC includingtolerance)

Power Consumption for MINI-LINK E with RAU1

Table 33 Maximum terminal power consumption for MINI-LINK E with RAU1

Traffic capacity [Mbit/s]Terminal type

2x2 4x2 8x2 17x2Unprotected 42 W 44 W 49 W 54 WProtected 88 W 92 W 94 W 101 W

With SAU, ETU, fan unit and MXU add 10 W each.

Power Dissipation for MINI-LINK E with RAU1

Table 34 Maximum terminal power dissipation for MINI-LINK E with RAU1




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Power Consumption for MINI-LINK E with RAU2

Table 35 Maximum terminal power consumption for MINI-LINK E with RAU2




Power Dissipation for MINI-LINK E with RAU2

Table 36 Maximum terminal power dissipation for MINI-LINK E with RAU2




8.4.2 MINI-LINK E Micro

MINI-LINK E Micro with DC and Traffic Cables

Input DC Voltage 24 – 60 V DC, nominal(20.4 – 72.0 V DC including tolerance)

Power Consumption (DC) 22 W

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MINI-LINK E Micro with RCB

Input DC voltage 24 – 60 V DC, nominal(20.4 – 72.0 V DC including tolerance)

Power consumption (DC) (1):Input voltage ≤ 40 V DC: < 100 W (400 m radio cable)

< 90 W (200 m radio cable)Input voltage > 40 V DC: < 9 5 W (400 m radio cable)

< 85 W (200 m radio cable)Input AC voltage 200 – 250 V AC ±10%, 50 Hz ±10%

100 – 127 V AC ±10%, 60 Hz ±10%200 V AC ±10%, 60 Hz ±10%

Power consumption (AC) (2): < 145 WNominal output voltage (fromRCB)

–48 V DC

(1) Including three MINI-LINK E Micro radios

(2) Maximum value during charging of the battery in the RCB, with heaterrunning and three MINI-LINK E Micro radios connected to the RCB.

Battery Capacity (AC supply to the RCB)

The three battery packs (NiCd) have capacity to supply DC voltage within itsspecified values at nominal load for more than 3 minutes (typically 10 minutes).

The batteries are restored to full capacity within 6 hours of AC mains supplyand temperatures above 0 C (for temperatures below, maximum 24 hours). Atypical value for the battery lifetime is 3 – 5 years, implying the batteries shouldbe replaced within this period.

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8.5 CablesFor information on product numbers for the cables mentioned in this chapter,see the MINI-LINK E and E Micro Product Catalog (AE/LZT 110 2011).

8.5.1 MINI-LINK E

8.5.1.1 Radio Cable

The 50 coaxial radio cable is used for connecting the radio unit to the MMU.

DC Resistance

Inner/outer conductor loop < 4

Attenuation

Table 37 Attenuation for radio cable

Outer cablediameter [mm]

Attenuation at 140 MHz[dB/100 m]

Attenuation at 350 MHz[dB/100 m]

Maximum cablelength [m]

10.3 6.0 9.0 20016 (1) 3.0 4.7 40028 (2) 1.5 2.4 700

(1) Sometimes called 1/2"(2) Sometimes called 7/8"

Mechanical Data

Table 38 Mechanical data for radio cable

Outer cable diameter [mm] Weight [kg/100 m] Minimum bending radius [mm]10.3 13 10016 (1) 22 12528 (2) 49 250

(1) Sometimes called 1/2"(2) Sometimes called 7/8"

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Restrictions for 1+1 Configurations

The following radio cable length restrictions must be considered for 1+1configurations.

Table 39 Cable length restrictions

1+1 configuration Maximum difference in cable length [m]Hot standby |L2 – L4| ≤ 20Working standby |(L1 + L2) – (L3 + L4)| ≤ 20

4494

Figure 94 1+1 configuration, hot standby

4500

Figure 95 1+1 configuration, working standby

8.5.1.2 Traffic Cable

Balanced Traffic

Balanced 120 traffic cable TFL 481 53 or TFL 481 52 with an attenuation of34 dB/km at 2 Mbit/s. Maximum cable length according to ITU-T Rec G.703is 175 m.

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Unbalanced Traffic

75 coaxial cable TZC 750 24. Below you find the cable attenuation andmaximum cable length according to ITU-T Rec G.703 for the different trafficrates.

Table 40 Attenuation and maximum cable length for unbalanced traffic cable

Traffic rate [Mbit/s] Attenuation [dB/km] Maximum cable length [m]2 23 2608 45 13034 92 130


In this section: L = cable length [m], U = voltage supply [V]. Maximum trafficcable attenuation is 2.5 dB / 100 m. Maximum radio cable attenuation is 2 dB /100 m, RCB loss is 0.5 dB, RBS loss is 0.5 dB. Maxite includes an RBS 2302,an active antenna and a power and battery cabinet (PBC). The PBC can supplyup to three MINI-LINK E Micro radios with power by using an RCB.

8.5.2.1 MINI-LINK E Micro with DC and Traffic Cables

Table 41 DC cable


Weight [kg/100 m] Maximum cablelength [m]

Minimum bendingradius [mm]

7.2 8.6 L = 27 x (U – 20) 90

Example 1: If Maxite is used, U = 41.3 V and L = 575 m.

Example 2: For Umin = 20.4 V, L is 10 m.

Table 42 Traffic cable




7.2 6.7 See Example 3 90

Example 3: 30 dB attenuation at the radio is allowed according to Section8.6.2.1 on page 150. Maxite, including four cascaded RBSs, gives the followingequation: (2.5 x L / 100 + 4 x 0.5) ≤ 30, which means that the total traffic cablelength (from radio to last RBS) is 1 100 m.

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8.5.2.2 MINI-LINK E Micro with RCB

Table 43 Radio cable




14 25 400 (1) 175(1) When three MINI-LINK E radios are DC supplied by Maxite, the sum of the radio cable lengthsmust not exceed 140 m

Table 44 DC cable




11.3 16.7 L = 13 x (U – 20)(L = 25 m with Maxite)

135

Table 45 Traffic cable




7.2 6.7 See Example 4 90

Example 4: 20 dB attenuation at the RCB is allowed according to Section8.6.2.2 on page 150. Four cascaded RBSs and RCB give the followingequation: (2.5 x L / 100 + 4 x 0.5 + 0.5) ≤ 20, which means that the total trafficcable length (from RCB to last RBS) is 700 m.

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8.6 Interfaces

8.6.1 MINI-LINK E

For information on ETU and MXU interfaces, see Section 8.7 on page 152 andSection 8.8 on page 152 respectively.

Traffic Interfaces

According to ITU-T Rec G.703.

2 Mbit/s balanced 120 , 25-pin D-sub connectorunbalanced 75 (option), using a separateSMZ or BNC panel

8 and 34 Mbit/s unbalanced 75 , SMZ connector

Analog Service Channel Interface

According to ITU-T Rec G.712.

Telephone interface, 2 wire:Connector type Modular telephone connector 6/4Branching interface, 4 wire:Impedance 600Input signal level –11 dBrOutput signal level –11 dBr to +4 dBr, 1 dBr incrementsConnector type 9-pin D-sub

For use of the analog service channel, the maximum number of:

• Hops in series between any two telephones is 10

• Terminals at a site is 20

• Telephones used at the same time is 5

Digital Service Channel Interface

The digital service channel has co-directional 64 kbit/s digital interfaceaccording to ITU-T Rec G.703.

Connector type 25-pin D-sub

147AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


Operation and Maintenance Interface

Type RS 232C (V.24/V.28)Format 8 bits, no parityBit rate 1 200 bit/sConnector type 9-pin D-sub

Note: An IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T interface with RJ-45 connection is providedby using the terminal server described in Section 7.5 on page 124.

User Outputs

Applicable to User 9 – 12. User 9 – 12 can be set individually as inputs oroutputs. They can be set for access module summary alarm or remote control.

Type RelayContact rating DC 60 V DC, 1 A, 30 WContact rating AC 42 V AC, 1 A, 60 VAAlarm state ClosedConnector type 25-pin D-sub, unearthed contacts

User Inputs

Applicable to User 1 – 8. User 9 – 12 can be set individually as inputs or outputs.

Type 5 V CMOS, optocouplerMaximum voltage 15 VLogical zero < 1.0 V (or < 1.0 k to earth)Logical one > 3.5 V (or > 100 k to earth)Resistance to SAU earth 800 kMaximum DC voltage to SAUearth 60 VConnector type 25-pin D-sub

Alarm condition and alarm severity are selectable in MSM.

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RAC (Remote Alarm Channel) Interfaces

Two ports, each with selectable interfaces.

Type 1 RS 232C (V.24 / V.28), 9600 bit/s, 8 bits, 1stop, no parity

Type 2 Balanced according to ITU-T Rec G.703, 64kbit/s, co-directional


EAC (External Alarm Channel)

The EAC interfaces are proprietary. Two EAC ports are available.


NCC (Node Communication Channel)

One port is available on each MMU.

Distance between two accessmodules ≤ 10 mConnector type 9-pin D-sub

Radio Cable Interfaces

The radio cable interfaces are proprietary.

Connector type at the MMUend TNC plugConnector type at the RAUend N plug

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Test Port

One test port for traffic in/out signals. Bit rates according to ITU-T Rec G.703.

Impedance 75

Connector type SMZReturn loss at input port 50kHz to 50 MHz > 8 dBNominal peak voltages Not less than 0.5 times peak voltages

according to ITU-T Rec G.703Input pulse masks Any output pulse as specified in ITU-T Rec

G.703 attenuated 0 – 6 dB


8.6.2.1 MINI-LINK E Micro with DC and Traffic Cables

Traffic Interface

According to ITU-T Rec G.703 with long-haul, allowing 30 dB attenuationat 1024 kHz.

2 Mbit/s Balanced 120Connector type 25-pin D-sub


Type RS 232C (V.24/V.28)Format 8 bits, no parityBit rate 1 200 bit/sConnector type TNM plug

8.6.2.2 MINI-LINK E Micro with RCB

Traffic Interface

According to ITU-T Rec G.703 with long-haul, allowing 20 dB attenuationat 1024 kHz.

2 Mbit/s Balanced 120Connector type Weidmüller

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Type RS 232C (V.24/V.28)Format 8 bits, no parityBit rate 1 200 bit/sConnector type 9-pin D-sub

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8.7 ETU Data

DC Power Supply

For information on power supply, see Section 8.4.1 on page 140.

Power Consumption

≤ 10 W

Interfaces

Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, 100 , according to IEEE802.3.RJ-45 connector configured as an Ethernet stationaccording to EIA/TIA 568-A.Use an S-FTP CAT 5 cable for connection.

G.703 2 Mbit/s (E1), balanced 120 or unbalanced 75 ,25-pin D-sub connector8 Mbit/s (E2), unbalanced 75 , SMZ connector34 Mbit/s (E3), unbalanced 75 , SMZ connector

O&M RS 232C (V.24/V.28), 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flowcontrol, 19 200 bit/s, 9-pin D-sub connector

ALARM Optocoupler, normally open, maximum 200 V/100 mA,9-pin D-sub connector

Operational Temperature

–5 C to +45 C

8.8 MXU DataFor information on power supply, see Section 8.4.1 on page 140.

Interfaces

• 4x2 Mbit/s according to ITU-T Rec G.703:− Unbalanced 75− Balanced 120

• One V.24 data interface: up to 19.2 kbit/s asynchronous or 8/64 kbit/ssynchronous

• External alarm inputs, see table below

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• Alarm outputs, see table below

• System alarm output: TTL level

Table 46 External alarm inputs

External contact Open to earth Closed to earthThreshold current < 0.1 mA > 0.5 mAMaximum values fromalarm source

12 V 1 mA

Table 47 Alarm outputs

Internal three-polerelay contact

Open to earth Closed to earth

Maximum values fromalarm source

60 V 200 mA (< 100 m )

Cross-connect

The total cross-connect switching capacity is 64 Mbit/s or 1 043 time slots. 120time slots (correspond to 4x2 Mbit/s) can be switched at nx8 kbit/s level.

Switch Time for Ring Configuration

50 ms

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8.9 Fan Unit DataThe fan unit contains four fans for increase of the airflow through the plug-inunits in the AMM.

If the indoor location has forced cooling through the magazine with an airflow ofat least 10 m3/h (3.3 g/s or 170 l/min) no other cooling arrangement is required.

Power Supply

Power supply 24 – 60 V, nominal(20.4 – 72.0 V including tolerance)

Maximum power consumption 10 W

8.10 DDU Data

Power Supply and Output Current

Power supply 24 – 60 V, nominal(20.4 – 72.0 V including tolerance)

Maximum output current 6 A per connector

8.11 PSU Data

Cables

Connection to AC mains supply can be done by using the AC cable (ETSI) RPM945 04 or any locally approved standard cable with an IEC 320-C14 inlet.

Interfaces

AC input Inlet in accordance with IEC 320-C14Fuses Two T 3.15 AH 250 VON/OFF switchDC output Numbers: 3

2-pin D-sub connector with female insertGround In accordance with EN 60 950

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Power Supply

Input AC voltage Single-phase or two-phase with thefollowing voltages:100 – 127 V AC ±10%, 60 Hz ±8%200 – 250 V AC ±10%, 50 Hz ±10%200 V AC ±10%, 60 Hz ±8%

Output DC voltage –48 V DC, floating(–46 V to –53 V including tolerance)

Power consumption (AC) 140 WLoad range 20 – 120 WDC output current ≤ 3 A per output terminal

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8.12 Mechanical Data

8.12.1 Radio Units

Mechanical data for radio units can be found in the table below. For informationon waveguide interfaces, see Table 51 on page 165.

Table 48 Mechanical data for radio units

Radio unit Dimensions H x W x D [mm] Max weight [kg]RAU1 411 x 326 x 144 7

RAU2 and RTU 321 x 260 x 97 4.5

326

411

144

3603

Figure 96 Dimensions of the RAU1 radio unit

97260

321

RADIOCABLE

ALIGNMENTRADIOALARM

POWER

3597

Figure 97 Dimensions of the RAU2 and RTU radio units

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8.12.2 Antennas

All dimensions apply to High Performance (HP) antennas. For information onwaveguide interfaces, see Table 51 on page 165.

Table 49 Mechanical data for antennas

Antenna Dimensions H x W x D [mm] Max weight[kg]

Max weight incl.mounting kit [kg]

0.2 m for RAU2/RTU 296 x 266 x 98 2.5 4.8

0.3 m for RAU2/RTU 382 x 382 x 185 5.6 9.20.6 m for RAU2/RTU 635 x 635 x 363 10.1 13.7

1.2 m for RAU2/RTU 1286 x 1286 x 591 25 49

1.8 m for RAU2/RTU 1914 x 1914 x 885 73 1020.3 m for RAU1 382 x 382 x 189 7.3 10.9

0.6 m for RAU1 715 x 715 x 448 (7/8 GHz)635 x 635 x 340 (15 – 38 GHz)

11.7 15.3

1.2 m for RAU1 1 286 x 1 286 x 600 26 501.8 m for RAU1 1914 x 1914 x 889 74 1032.4 m 2 705 x 2 705 x 1 785 (1) – 2553.0 m 3 315 x 3 315 x 1 745 (1) – 297

(1) Mounting kit included

26698

296

3595

Figure 98 Dimensions of the 0.2 m compact antenna for RAU2 and RTU

157AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3586


3588


158 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


600 (RAU1)591 (RAU2)

1286

5546

Figure 101 Dimensions of the 1.2 m compact antenna for RAU1, RAU2 andRTU. Note: The illustration is not proportional to the other illustrations in thissection.

189 382

3601

Figure 102 Dimensions of the 0.3 m compact antenna for RAU1

159AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


715448

3602

Figure 103 Dimensions of the 0.6 m compact antenna for RAU1 (7/8 GHz)

340 635

3598

Figure 104 Dimensions of the 0.6 m compact antenna for RAU1 (15 – 38 GHz)

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8.12.3 Radio Units with Integrated Antenna

All dimensions apply to High Performance (HP) antennas.

Table 50 Mechanical data for radio units with integrated compact antenna

Radio unit Antenna Dimensions H x W x D [mm] Max weight[kg]

Max weight incl.mounting kit[kg]

0.2 m 321 x 266 x 171 7.0 9.30.3 m 382 x 382 x 255 10.1 13.70.6 m 635 x 635 x 370 14.6 18.21.2 m 1286 x 1286 x 666 30 54

RAU2/RTU

1.8 m 1914 x 1914 x 960 78 1070.3 m 434 x 382 x 307 14.3 17.90.6 m 715 x 715 x 513 (7/8 GHz)

635 x 635 x 418 (15 – 38 GHz)18.7 22.3

1.2 m 1286 x 1 286 x 722 33 57

RAU1

1.8 m 1914 x 1914 x 1011 81 110

266171

321

3594

Figure 105 Dimensions of the 0.2 m compact antenna for RAU2 and RTU,integrated installation

161AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


3587


3589


162 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


1286666

5547

Figure 108 Dimensions of the 1.2 m compact antenna for RAU2 and RTU,integrated installation. Note: The illustration is not proportional to the otherillustrations in this section.

307 382

434

3600

Figure 109 Dimensions of the 0.3 m compact antenna for RAU1, integratedinstallation

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715513

3599

Figure 110 Dimensions of the 0.6 m compact antenna for RAU1 (7/8 GHz),integrated installation

418 635

3596

Figure 111 Dimensions of the 0.6 m compact antenna for RAU1 (15 – 38GHz), integrated installation

164 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


1286722

5548

Figure 112 Dimensions of the 1.2 m compact antenna for RAU1, integratedinstallation. Note: The illustration is not proportional to the other illustrations inthis section.

8.12.4 Waveguide Interface

Table 51 Mechanical data for waveguide interfaces

Dimensions [mm]Frequency[GHz] a b c

At radio unit andantenna At flexible waveguide

7/8 34.4 37.4 47.6 154 IEC-UBR 84 154 IEC-PBR 8413 26.42 28.5 38.1 154 IEC-UBR 120 154 IEC-PBR 12015 25.25 24.28 33.3 154 IEC-UBR 140 154 IEC-PBR 14018/23 16.26 17.02 22.4 154 IEC-UBR 220 154 IEC-PBR 22026/28 15.0 15.8 22.9 154 IEC-UBR 260 154 IEC-PBR 26038 12.7 13.46 19.1 154 IEC-UBR 320 154 IEC-PBR 320

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a

bc

a

bc

M4 for 7-E, 8-E, 13-E and 15-EM3 for 18-E, 23-E, 26-E, 28-E and 38-E

M4 for 7-E, 8-E, 13-E and 15-EM3 for 18-E, 23-E, 26-E, 28-E and 38-E

At radio unit and antenna At flexible waveguide

cc5141

Figure 113 Dimensions of waveguide interfaces

8.12.5 Access Module

Table 52 Mechanical data for the access module

Access module Dimensions H x W x D [mm] Weight fullyequipped [kg]

AMM 1U 19"wall (1)desk (1)

43 x 483 x 280715 x 61 x 29271 x 447 x 280

3.74.53.7

AMM 2U-3 19"wall (1)

88 x 483 x 280715 x 94 x 292

9.411.1

AMM 4U 19"wall (1)

176 x 483 x 280715 x 176 x 292

16.319.5

(1) Dimensions and weights are given with desk/wall set included

483

280

43

3590

Figure 114 Dimensions of the AMM 1U for 19" rack

166 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04


88

483

280

3591

Figure 115 Dimensions of the AMM 2U-3 for 19" rack

176

483

280

3607

Figure 116 Dimensions of the AMM 4U for 19" rack

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715

292

94

3606

Figure 117 Dimensions of the AMM 2U-3 for fitting on a wall

8.12.6 Radio Connection Box (RCB)

Table 53 Dimensions and weights of the RCB

Weight [kg]Dimensions H x W x D [mm]

DC/DC version AC/DC version448 x 250 x 153 11 13

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250

153

448

3609

Figure 118 Dimensions of the RCB

8.12.7 Fan Unit

Table 54 Dimensions and weight of the fan unit

Dimensions H x W x D [mm] Weight [kg]44 x 483 x 284 2.4

44

4273

Figure 119 Dimensions of the fan unit

It is possible to fit installation brackets to the fan unit for installation incabinets/racks with greater aperture/depth dimensions.

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8.12.8 DC Distribution Unit (DDU)

Table 55 Dimensions and weight of the DDU


22

147

483

3593

Figure 120 Dimensions of the DDU

8.12.9 Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Table 56 Dimensions and weights of the PSU


483

44

284

4556

Figure 121 Dimensions of the PSU

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8.13 Management System Data

8.13.1 MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM) 6.x

Access point Any MINI-LINK terminal in the systemAccess port RS 232C (V.24 asynchronous interface)Bit rate 1 200 bit/s

Minimum PC Requirements for MSM

• Pentium II, 233 MHz processor

• Windows 98 (FAT32) or Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 6

• 64 MB RAM

• 100 MB available hard disk space

• CD-ROM drive (or 3.5" disk drive)

• One serial port

• Keyboard

• Mouse

Recommended PC Requirements for MSM

• Pentium III, 750 MHz processor

• Windows 2000 Service Pack 1

• 256 MB RAM

• 40 MB available hard disk space

• CD-ROM drive

• One serial port

• Keyboard

• Mouse

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8.13.2 MINI-LINK Netman 4.x

A Netman system includes one Netman Server and up to eight Netman Clients.Netman Server software supports a network consisting of maximum 2000terminals, when counting all constituent sub-networks. Each sub-network cancomprise a maximum of 200 terminals.

Since Netman is scaleable, different hardware configurations are requireddepending on network size.

Minimum Hardware Requirements for MINI-LINK Netman Server

PC equipped with:

• Pentium 266 MHz (if ≥ 200 terminals, Pentium 300 MHz is recommended)

• 128 MB internal memory (if ≥ 200 terminals, 256 MB is recommended)

• 50 MB available hard drive space (500 MB recommended)

• 3.5" disk drive

• CD-ROM drive

• Network Interface Card (NIC)

Minimum Software Requirements for MINI-LINK Netman Server

• Windows NT 4.0 Server, Service Pack 6 or Windows 2000 Server, ServicePack 1

• Microsoft SQL Server 7.0, Service Pack 3 or Microsoft SQL Server 2000

• One Netman Server software and one Netman Client software license

Minimum Hardware Requirements for MINI-LINK Netman Client

PC equipped with:

• Pentium 100 MHz (if ≥ 200 terminals, Pentium 200 MHz is recommended)

• 32 MB internal memory (for ≥ 200 terminals, 64 MB is recommended)

• 20 MB available hard drive space (50 MB recommended)

• VGA monitor (800 x 600)

• Keyboard

• Mouse

• 3.5" disk drive

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• CD-ROM drive

• Network Interface Card (NIC)

Minimum Software Requirements for MINI-LINK Netman Client

• Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Service Pack 6 or Windows 2000, ServicePack 1

• One MINI-LINK Netman Client software license

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174 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04

Glossary

Glossary

Access ModuleIndoor part of MINI-LINK E. It consists ofan AMM equipped with indoor plug-in units(MMU, SMU and SAU) for one or severalterminals (up to four radios)

AFCAutomatic Frequency Control

AGCAutomatic Gain Control

AISAlarm Indication Signal

Alignment PortTest port that indicates received signal levelused for antenna alignment (AGC, AutomaticGain Control)

AMAccess Module

AMMAccess Module Magazine

ASKAmplitude Shift Keying

BERBit Error Ratio

BSCBase Station Controller

BTSBase Transceiver Station

C-QPSKConstant envelope offset - Quadrature PhaseShift Keying

CSSControl and Supervision System, thatsupports building of networks for operationand maintenance.

CWContinuous Wave

DCDirect Current

DCNData Communication Network

DDUDC Distribution Unit

DXXDigital Cross-connector

EACExternal Alarm Channel

ETSIEuropean Telecommunications StandardsInstitute

ETUEthernet Interface Unit

Far-endThe terminal with which the near-end terminalcommunicates

FATFile Allocation Table

FECForward Error Correction

HCCHop Communication Channel

HDB3High Density Bipolar code with a maximumof 3 consecutive zeros

HDLCHigh-level Data Link Control. Transmissionprotocol used at the data link layer (layer 2)of the OSI model.

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Glossary

HopA radio link connection with a pair ofcommunicating terminals

IFIntermediate Frequency

ISLInter-Switch Link. A frame format (Ciscopatent) used in communication between twoswitches with VLAN functionality.

ITU-RInternational Telecommunication Union,Telecommunication Standardization Sector

LANLocal Area Network

LEDLight Emitting Diode

LSILocal Supervision Interface

MACMedia Access Control. Each Ethernet cardhas a unique MAC-address.

MaxiteIncludes RBS 2302, Power and BatteryCabinet (PBC), and an active antenna

MCMMulti-chip Module

MMUModem Unit

MSCMobile services Switching Center

MSMMINI-LINK Service Manager

MTBFMean Time Between Failure

Multi-terminal siteA complex site with several radio terminals

MXUMINI-LINK Cross-connect Unit

NCCNode Communication Channel

Near-endThe selected terminal

NetmanMINI-LINK Netman is the element managerfor a MINI-LINK point-to-point network

NMSNetwork Management System

O&MOperation and Maintenance

PBXPrivate Branch Exchange

PDHPlesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PLLPhase Locked Loop

PreambleAn alternating pattern of ones and zerostelling a receiving device that a frame iscoming.

PSUAC/DC Power Supply Unit

RACRemote Alarm Channel

RAURadio Unit for MINI-LINK E

RAU1Version 1 of the MINI-LINK E radio unit

RAU2Version 2 of the MINI-LINK E radio unit

RBSRadio Base Station

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Glossary

RCBRadio Connection Box

RCCRadio Communication Channel

REDRandom Early Detection

RPERadiation Pattern Envelope

RSSRemote Subscriber Switch

RSMRemote Subscriber Multiplexer

RSSIReceived Signal Strength Indicator

RTURadio Unit for MINI-LINK E Micro

SAUService Access Unit

SCService Channels

SELVSafety Extra Low Voltage

S-FTPShielded Foiled Twisted Pair

SiteA place with one or several terminals

SMUSwitch Multiplexer Unit

SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol

TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/InternetProtocol

TerminalOne side of a radio-link connection or an SAU.A terminal has a unique identity in the network

TNMTrident/Neptun Metal. The connector type ofthe O&M interface at the RTU.

TPTest Port

UnitExchangeable part of a MINI-LINK E terminal

WANWide Area Network

VLANVirtual Local Area Network. A networkof computers that behave as if they areconnected to the same wire even though theymay actually be physically located on differentsegments of a LAN.

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Glossary

178 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04

Index

AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04 179

Index

A

A-alarm............................................................. 108AC/DC Power Supply Unit (PSU) .................... 122Access Module............................................... 9, 40Access Module Magazine (AMM) ...................... 41Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) ....................... 47, 50Alarms

MINI-LINK E…………………………………… 97MINI-LINK E Micro ....................................... 100

Alignment port (AGC)............................. 25, 30, 35Analog service channel ...................................... 68Antennas ............................................................ 89Antenna

data .............................................................. 135gain............................................................... 135installation ...................................................... 90mounting kit.................................................... 90

Applications.......................................................... 2Autonegotiation .................................................. 70Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)............ 29, 34

B

B-alarm............................................................. 108Branching filter ................................. 29, 33, 39, 88

C

Cable interface ................................. 27, 31, 36, 50Channel spacing .............................................. 126Communication channels................................... 95Composite bit rate ........................................ 49, 84Configuration

MINI-LINK E ................................................... 13MINI-LINK E Micro ......................................... 18

Connection unit ............................................ 35, 80Control and supervision processor .. 27, 32, 37, 86Control and Supervision System (CSS)............. 93Control functions .............................................. 107Cooling ....................................................... 42, 154C-QPSK ....................................................... 49, 85

D

Data Communication Network (DCN) ................ 94DC Distribution Unit (DDU) ...................... 120, 154

DC failure ........................................................... 62DC supply........................................................... 51DC/DC converter ....27, 33, 36, 51, 57, 67, 86, 114Demodulator................................................. 50, 82Demultiplexer ................................... 47, 49, 57, 85Descrambling ............................................... 49, 85Drop/insert.......................................................... 16

E

Embedded management channel .................... 116Ethernet Interface Unit (ETU)..................... 69, 152Ethernet traffic .................................................... 17ETSI RPE Classes ........................................... 136External Alarm Channel (EAC) .................... 67, 95

F

Far-end loop ............................................. 103, 106Fault management ........................................... 111Filter unit........................................... 25, 29, 39, 88Final amplifier ............................................... 28, 33Flexible waveguide..................................... 89, 134Flow control ........................................................ 70Forward Error Correction (FEC)....... 47, 49, 83, 85Frame structure ............................................ 48, 84Frequency

range ............................................................ 125tolerance....................................................... 126

Front to back ratio ............................................ 136

G

Grooming.......................................................... 117

H

Hardware switching .................................... 61, 133Hitless switching................................... 14, 59, 133Hop Communication Channel (HCC) ..... 47, 83, 95Hot standby .................................................. 14, 58Humidity............................................................ 139

I

Indoor installation ............................................... 11

Index

180 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04

Indoor units ........................................................ 40Installation

integrated ................................................. 10, 89separate ................................................... 11, 89

Interference ...................................................... 131

L

Lightning protection.......... 25, 30, 35, 80, 114, 122Local Area Network (LAN) ........................... 17, 69Local supervision ................................. 21, 96, 109Loops........................................................ 102, 106

M

Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)................... 5Mechanical data ............................................... 156Microwave sub-unit ...................................... 26, 33Microwave unit ............................................. 38, 86MINI-LINK

Cross-connect Unit (MXU) ........................... 115E Micro ..................................................... 18, 79Netman......................................................... 111Service Manager (MSM) .............................. 110

MINI-LINK E ................................................... 8, 23Modem ............................................................... 68Modem Unit (MMU)............................................ 43Modulator ..................................................... 49, 82Multiplexer.............................................. 47, 48, 57MXU Management ........................................... 119

N

Near-end loop .......................................... 102, 106Netman

client ............................................................. 172server ........................................................... 172

Network Management System (NMS) ............. 111Node Communication Channel (NCC)............... 95

O

Operation and maintenance (O&M) ................... 93Outdoor installation ............................................ 10Outdoor units....................................................... 9Output power.................................................... 127

P

PC requirements ...................................... 171, 172Performance management .............................. 111Performance monitoring................................... 108Phase Locked Loop (PLL) ......... 28, 33, 38, 86, 87P-mark.............................................................. 107Polarization ........................................................ 89

Powerconsumption ................................. 140, 141, 142detector .................................................... 28, 34dissipation .................................... 140, 141, 142splitter ........................................................... 133supply ........................................................... 140supply failure .......................................... 71, 108

Protected terminal (1+1)..................................... 14Protection switching ........................................... 58PSU .................................................................. 122

R

Radio cable interface ....................................... 149Radio Communication Channel (RCC) .............. 95Radio Connection Box (RCB) .................... 19, 113Radio frame

demultiplexer ............................................ 49, 85multiplexer .......................................... 47, 60, 83

Radio interface sub-unit ..................................... 31Radio unit ........................................................... 23RAU1............................................................ 25, 30RAU2.................................................................. 35Receiver

oscillator ....................................... 29, 34, 38, 87switching................................................. 59, 133threshold....................................................... 130

Receive IF signal.......................................... 29, 33RED algoritm ...................................................... 70Remote Alarm Channel (RAC)..................... 68, 95Remote software upgrade................................ 109Repeater site ...................................................... 16Residual BER................................................... 131Revision information............................................. 1RF Attenuation ............................................. 28, 34RF loop.............................28, 34, 39, 88, 102, 106Ring protection ................................................. 118RSSI ............................................................. 39, 86RTU .................................................................... 79

S

SAU stand alone ................................................ 68Scrambling ................................................... 48, 84Security management ...................................... 112Self-learning bridge ............................................ 70Service Access Unit (SAU) ................................ 62Service channel................................... 67, 68, 109Setup .................................................................. 96Signature .......................................................... 132SNMP interface ................................................ 112Spectrum .......................................................... 128Summary alarm................................................ 108Switch mode..................................................... 107Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU) ........................... 53Switching ............................................................ 58

Index

AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04 181

T

TCP/IP.............................................................. 124Temperature limits ........................................... 139Terminal server ................................................ 124Test port ................................................... 106, 150Traffic

capacity ................................................ 8, 18, 43interface ............................. 46, 57, 83, 147, 150routing ............................................................ 74

Transmitteroscillator ....................................... 28, 33, 38, 86spectrum ...................................................... 128spurious levels ............................................. 128switching ................................................ 58, 133

Transmit IF signal................................... 28, 32, 37Transparency for VLAN...................................... 70

U

Unprotected terminal (1+0) ................................ 13Upgrading........................................................... 77User input/output ........................................ 67, 108

interfaces...................................................... 148

W

Waveguide interfaces....................................... 165Waveguide attenuation .................................... 134Wind

force and torque ........................................... 138velocity.......................................................... 137

Working standby................................................. 14

Index

182 AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C 2002-03-04

Ericsson Microwave Systems ABTransmission & Transport NetworksSE-431 84 Mölndal, SwedenTelephone +46 31 747 00 00Telefax +46 31 27 72 25www.ericsson.com

AE/LZT 110 2012 R8C© Ericsson Microwave Systems AB 2002

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