Mini John Bull

James Madison

Inherits embargo problem: Non-intercourse Act replaced with Macon’s Bill No. 2

Caught in international problems between Napoleon and Britain; took French offer

War hawks seek opportunity to fight the British and eliminate Indian threat

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Battle of Tippecanoe- William Henry Harrison

War against Britain declared in June of 1812

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized.

Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe

France confiscated cargo from licensed ships

Impressment of American sailors British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

War Hawks

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

Economic Diplomacy Fails

Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe

Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

Jefferson FarewellEnter James Madison

Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd termMadison was Jefferson’s Secretary of StateMadison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51)Considered the most important contributor to the ConstitutionAlso the shortest President

What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?

Non-Intercourse ActForbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictionsWas this successful? Why or Why not

War Hawks

Why did the War Hawks want war?

What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?

To allow reopening of trade

National Pride

To stop the impressment of sailors

CANADA!!!

What were some drawbacks to going to war?

Not everyone in the US wanted to go to warMilitary was small

Standing Army was smallMilitia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state bordersNavy was quite small only 22 ships

Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase

Declaration of War

June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war

Vote was split along regional lines

War started with Invasion of Canada

Key Battles

US Burns York (now Toronto)US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen

Perry Defeated the British on Lake ErieThis gave the US control of Lake Erie

Britain Blockades the Eastern SeaboardThis prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast

America Impression of British-Indian Alliance

The Roof is on Fire…In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.They burn the White House and the CapitolMadison and Congress Barely escape

Oh Say Can You See…Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the BritishThe City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the BritishAfter bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attackFrancis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

Treaty of GhentTreaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

Hartford Convention- 1814; Federalist Grievances

Financial assistance for lost trade

Add amendments affecting the new states, embargoes, war

Abolish 3/5 clause

1 term presidents

**bad timing hurt H.C.

Criticism of Hartford Convention

Battle of New OrleansFought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)Why was New Orleans important?Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troopsMade Andrew Jackson a National hero and household nameEnsured treaty ratification

If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?

Gave the United States a National Identity Able to hold our own against the British

Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion

Am. Writers – Washington Irving, J.F. Cooper

Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison and the Western Frontiersmen

Manufacturing prospered

American System- Henry Clay

3 main parts: Strong banking system- providing easy credit

Protective tariff

Money from tariffs used to build roads and canals (esp. in Ohio Valley)

• Madison voted down federal gov’t support to states for internal improvements

• States built anyway Erie Canal in 1825

James Monroe-Virginia Dynasty

Era of Good Feelings

End of Federalist Party

Accurate Title ?Growing sectionalism

Tariff issue

Internal improvements (west in favor)

BUS

Sale of Public lands (east opposed)

One party (Republican) rule

Panic of 1819

Monroe’s 2 Major EventsPanic of 1819-

causes-overspeculation of western lands, inflation from War of 1812, deficit in balance of trade with Britain, foreclosures of western farms

results- bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment; poorer classes wanting more responsive fed. Gov’t, calls for reform and end of debtors prisons

* Missouri Compromise (1820)

Tallmadge Amendment passed in House soon after (no more slaves in Missouri, gradual emancipation of children born to slaves); failed in Senate

Missouri a slave state; Maine a free state, slavery prohibited above 36’30

- the “peculiar institution” will remain an issue

Growing West

Westward mov’t after Am. Rev.

Cheap land

Land exhaustion in tobacco states

Economic problems from embargo

Defeat of the Indians

Transportation Revolution- Cumberland Rd from MD to IL; steamboat; canals

John Marshall’s Court (1801-1835)

Sought to increase Court’s and fed. gov’t power Federalist ideasMarbury v. Madison

Judicial reviewMcCullough v. Maryland

Implied powers

Monroe’s LegacyTreaty of 1818- with Britain, est. northern border from MN to Rockies

Treaty of 1819 with Spain- gaining Florida and Spanish claims to Oregon in exchange for Am. Claims to TX

Monroe Doctrine (1823)- called for noncolonization and nonintervention (intended in part for Russia; 51’)

Russo-American Treaty: moved line to 54’40