Mingcong Li Trade Analysis Branch, UNCTAD · Mingcong Li Trade Analysis Branch, UNCTAD ASEAN...
Transcript of Mingcong Li Trade Analysis Branch, UNCTAD · Mingcong Li Trade Analysis Branch, UNCTAD ASEAN...
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Mingcong Li
Trade Analysis Branch, UNCTAD
ASEAN In-Country Training
10-14 February 2020
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Data collection and update process
Classification structure and key concepts
Case studies and group exercises
CONTENTS
TRAINS online and other data dissemination tools
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1 Data collection and update process
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Where to find trade-related regulations
Identifying all relevant
regulations
Classifying and registering the information (NTM and HS)
Quality control
01
02
03
04
Good quality
data
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➢
➢
➢
1
2
3
Centralized sources/publications Some countries compile and publish all their laws, regulations, acts,
decrees, etc across all government institutions in one centralized
publication
Decentralized sourcesWhen a centralized source is missing, regulations need to be
obtained from various ministries and institutions that regulate
trade (it is essential to obtain all regulations from each source)
Other sourcesSuch as WTO notifications
(https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/FE_S_S003.aspx ),
WTO Trade Policy Reviews
(http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm )
Types of official sources:
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United States of America
- Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is an annual publication stating the currently applied law
- Federal Register (FR) is a daily journal which published any changes to the current law
ALADI (Association for Latin American Integration)
Official journals / gazettes that centralize the publishing of laws across all government institutions
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NTM Chapter Potential responsible Government Bodies
A Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures (SPS)
Ministry of Agriculture; Standardization Agency, Ministry of
Health, Customs Agency…...
B Technical Barriers to Trade
(TBT)
Standardization Agency; Ministry of Health;
Ministry of Ecology; Ministry of Industry; Ministry of
Commerce
C Pre-shipment Inspection
and other formalities
Customs Agency, Standardization Agency
D Contingent Trade Protective Measures Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Economy, Industry or
Trade; Customs Agency
E Non-Automatic Licensing, Quotas,
Prohibitions and Other Quantity Control
Measures
Ministry of Economy, Industry or Trade; Customs Agency
F Price Control Measures Including
Additional Taxes and Charges
Ministry of Economy, Industry or Trade; Customs Agency
G Finance measures Ministry of Finance; National Bank
H Measures Affecting Competition Ministry of Economy, Industry or Trade
I Trade-related investment
measures
Ministry of Economy, Industry or Trade
P Export-related measures Ministry of Economy, Industry or Trade; Standardization
Agency; Ministry of Agriculture; Customs Agency
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All ministries, departments and
subsidiary agencies checked
Act/regulation that are trade-related (with url
link or electronic copies provided)
Status of the regulation (i.e. unchanged,
replaced, amended, repealed, missing) →
important for the updating of data
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01 02
0403
Currently appliedAffecting
international
trade
Official and
mandatory
Detailed and specific
All regulations that are:
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The production, import, export and trade of
pharmaceutical for the veterinary, shall be
determined by a joint prakas (joint
proclamation) of the Ministry of Health and the
Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry
Source: Amendment of the Law on the Management of
Pharmaceuticals of Cambodia (2007)
Importation of plants and related plant products
capable of harboring plant pests must be
accompanied by a Phytosanitary or Health
Certificate issued by the Plant Quarantine
Service or its equivalent technical entity in the
country of origin stating among others that the
materials are free from pests.
Source: BPI Quarantine Administrative Order No. 01 series of 1981
(Philippines)
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Source Document/
RegulationMeasure
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Source Document/
RegulationMeasure
Affected
products
Affected
country
Objective/purpose
(where appropriate)
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Reality
Coherence
Reflects the reality as much as possible
Allows for comparisons across countries, since procedures for data collection are the same
Global comparable and comprehensive database
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❖ Understand legal system of the country (hierarchy of laws and regulations)
❖ Identify agencies/institutions issuing trade-related regulations (sources)
❖ Collect trade-related regulations from identified agencies (based on the 4 principles)
❖ Compare with previously collected data and check for amendments/newly issued regulations/repeals.
❖ Record all changes including amendments, repeals and newly issued NTMs in UNCTAD's database
❖ Collected at the reporter-year-partner-product – NTM level
❖ All trade regulations that were in force up to March 30, 2018
❖ Include bilateral NTMs and measures applied to the whole world
❖ Products are defined for all 10 counties at the ASEAN Harmonized Tariff Nomenclature (AHTN 2017) at the 8-digit level
• Data • Methodology
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2 Classification structure and key concepts
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Product
Trade
Objective
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10%10%
10% 70%
- Ensure that food is
safe for consumers
- Prevent the spread
of pests/diseases
among animals,
plants or humans
Standards or mandatory
requirements on
product
characteristics or their
related processes or
production methods,
including technical
regulations, testing and
certification procedures.
SPS measures TBT measures
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SPS TBT
No
YES
SPS
YES
TBT
Objective of protecting
human, animal & plant
life or health, or a
country from the risks
of:
- the entry, establishment
or spread of pests,
diseases, diseases
carrying or causing
organisms;
- additives, toxins,
contaminants of
disease-causing
organisms in food,
beverages, or feedstuffs
- diseases carried by
animals, pests or plants or
products thereof;
Human life/health
Occupational health
hazards
Environment
Endangered species
Emissions levels
Consumers
Prevention of deceptive
practices
Other
Quality, national security,
technical harmonization
Does the
measure lay
down mandatory
requirements
either on:
• Product
characteristics
• Production
processes or
methods
• Conformity
assessment
To fulfil an
objective of
protecting inter
alia
No
Probably,
chapter E
(e.g. licenses,
permits, quotas
and other
quantitative
restrictions)
Others
Food safety, pests, diseases
Not differentiated through objective!
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01
02
There is no overlap in coverage between the
SPS and TBT agreement, it is possible that
the same regulation contains both SPS and
TBT measures for different requirement, but
not possible for one requirement to have
both SPS and TBT at the same time(only
exception is labelling requirement).
Neither SPS nor TBT are defined according
to product coverage alone. It shall be defined
by the objective of the measure plus affected
product.
03
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TBT
SPS
SPS
SPS
TBT
TBT
Packaging
requirement for
dangerous chemicals
Testing of
vehicles and
accessories
Safety
requirement
for toys
Requirement on animals
and animal products to
come from disease-free
areasInspection of
products for
microbiological
contaminants
Maximum allowable
levels of pesticide
residues in food
SPSFumigation for preventing
disease or pests
spreading to a country
TBT Volume, shape and
appearance of
packaging
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C Pre-shipment Inspection
C1 Pre-shipment inspection
C2 Direct consignment (no 3rd country)
C3 Requirement to pass through specified port of customs
C4 Automatic licensing (monitoring and surveillance)
C9 n.e.s
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D
E
-
F
G
H
-
I
-
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J
on distribution restrictions, describes restrictive measures related to the internal
distribution of imported products.
K
- deals with restrictions on post-sales services, for example restrictions on the
provision of accessory services.
L
contains measures that relate to the subsidies that affect trade
M
on government procurement restrictions, describes the restrictions bidders may
find when trying to sell their products to a foreign government.
N
- contains restrictions related to intellectual property measures and rights.
O
- on rules of origin, groups the measures that restrict the origin of products or its
inputs.
* Chapter J-O is not actively collected before the launch of the new "International Classification on NTMs" (2019)
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P Export measures
P1 Export measures related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures
and technical barriers to trade
P2 Export formalities
P3 Export licences, export quotas, export prohibition and other
restrictions other than sanitary and phytosanitary or technical
barriers to trade measures
P4 Export price-control measures, including additional taxes and
charges
P5 State-trading enterprises, for exporting; other selective export
channels
P6 Export-support measures
P7 Measures on re-export
P9 Export measures, n.e.s
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Parallel to chapters of import measures
P13: production and post-production requirements to export
- Hygienic requirements related to SPS (see example in A4)
- Treatment for elimination of plant and animal pests and disease-causing
organisms in the final products (e.g. post-harvest treatment) or prohibition of
treatment (see examples in A5)
- Other requirements on production or post-production processes related to SPS
(see examples in A6)
- Production or post-production processes related to TBT (see examples in B4)
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3 Case studies and group exercises
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Revised Rules, Regulations and Standards Governing the Importation of Meat and
Meat Products into the Philippines (2005)
Source: Republic of Philippines, Department of Agriculture ---DA Administrative Order No.26 (Series of 2005)
What are the measures imposed on importers to import meant and related products into
Philippines?
1. Veterinary Quarantine
Clearance (VQC) certificate
shall be obtained by importer
2. Only authorized Foreign
Meat Establishment can export
meat to the Philippines
3. The seal of the
container of the
product shall be
intact during
import
4.Labelling
requirements
(labeling for both
TBT and SPS)
6-8. Inspection and quarantine
at the port of entry (*specific
types of meat are also subject
to laboratory tests )
5. Transportation
requirement
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Lebel shall state: licensing number and etc.
Regulation Regarding Medical Devices and Household Products (2010)
Source: Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1190/MENKES/PER/VIII/2010
Labeling
Affected product: Medical Devices and Household Products
Affected region: the whole world
What measures do importers need to fulfill?
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4NTM data entry using TRAINS Online Tool and other dissemination tools
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Issues for using excel template to enter information on NTMs:
1
5
4
2
3
Excel template not user friendly
Time-consuming
Difficult to conduct data collection or data update
Error-prone
Difficult to divide work in excel among different data collectors
添加标题
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1
2
3
Real-time & collaborative online application that comprises of:
NTM data entry
NTM data validation
NTM data dissemination
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Country-level UNCTAD NTMs data collection
National product classifications
TRAINS NTMs on UNCTAD premise
How data was previously collected:
i-TIP on UNCTAD premisetrains.unctad.org
i-TIP backup and restore on UNICC premise
wits.worldbank.org
WITS databaseon WB premise
Replace with TRAINS Online
data entry tool
Replace with TRAINS
Online dissemination tool
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Allow input of new NTM data which addresses current data entry limitations (using excel)
Allow update existing NTM data
Incorporate automatic consistency checks for both input and update of NTM data
Allow bulk upload of existing and external NTM data into the online system
Role-based access control for users: 1) Data Collector 2) Data Collection Supervisor 3) HS Coder 4) HS Code Supervisor
Function include:
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Function include:
Allow NTM data to be validated and trackable through user-friendly dashboards and notifications
Incorporate a circular revision system of NTM data, in which flagged observations automatically bounce back to NTM consultants until final approval
Role-based access control for users: 1) Data Collector 2) Data Collection Supervisor 3) HS Coder 4) HS Code Supervisor
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Data Collector
Identifies sources
Collect Regulation level
information
Collect Measure
level information
Data SupervisorCircular
revision
system
HS Coder
HS Code
Supervisor
Operates at measure
level – convert
product description to
HS code
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Function include:
Once approved, NTM data should be made automatically publicly visible. TRAINS Online is expected to replace the TRAINS databasecurrently used;
Public NTM data will be easily filtered (customized search queries, full text search), explored and visualized (e.g. Tableau);
Public NTM data shall be query-specific and customer-friendly to download (CVS, Excel, STATA file format), bearing in mind complexities of relational nature of database;
Linking tariff and trade data (UN COMTRADE) with public NTMs data to compute, visualize and offer for download additional indicators.
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For policy makers and
negotiators
Via
https://trains.unctad.org/
For analysts and
researchers
Via
wits.worldbank.org
Same data on
NTMs
Different
presentation for
different users
UNCTAD
TRAINS
World Bank
WITS
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Up until 2019, UNCTAD's NTM database covers data for 107 countries,
containing more than 65000 measures.
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TRAINS (https://trains.unctad.org/)
Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
Measures
Country
Product
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Type of measure
1
Whether the
measure is also a
domestic measure
4
Country imposing
the NTMs
2
Measure along with
detailed measure
description
3 HS to the most
detailed level
possible
5
Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Search for: NTMs that the EU imposes on Vietnamese salted
cashew nuts
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Source: UNCTAD TRAINS
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Please open the User Manual
go to page 8, 12, and 16.
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