MING AND QING EMPIRES
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Transcript of MING AND QING EMPIRES
MING AND QING EMPIRES
MING: 1368 – 1644
QING: 1644 - 1904
Rise of the Ming• Ming Dynasty most
powerful in China
• People paid tribute (money & gifts) to acknowledge their submission, & expected Europeans to do it
Hongwu• 1st emperor of Ming–Restored agricultural lands;
increased rice production– Erased Mongol past–Promoted China’s power/prosperity–Held Confucian moral standards– Later paranoid; became tyrant and
conducted purges
Voyages of Zheng He• Chinese Muslim admiral• Started sailing 1405 before Europeans (7
voyages)• Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and Eastern
Africa• Helped expand China’s tribute system• After 7th voyage, China withdrew into
self-sufficient isolation
Ming Relations with Foreign Countries
• Only government allowed to trade through 3 ports
• Demand for Chinese goods skyrocketed (silk, ceramics, etc)
• But China did not become industrialized because:– Commerce offended Confucian beliefs– Economic policies favored agriculture taxes on
agric. low & manufacturing high
Forbidden City
• Palace in Beijing• All commoners
forbidden to enter without special permission
• Business affairs conducted & emperor, family, & his court lived there (9,000 rooms)
Great Wall of China
• FYI: The Great Wall of China was deteriorating in many areas, so the Ming rebuilt most of it, extending to 8,000 km, or roughly 4, 970 miles (27,190,000 feet)
A New Dynasty: The Qing• Ming Dynasty weak
corrupt rulers & bad harvests• Other side of Great Wall is
Manchuria, with people known as Manchus• Manchus invaded Ming & took over
for next 260 years
China Under the Qing• At 1st Chinese resisted
but Manchus slowly earned respect–kept local traditions, except hair in queue–Allowed Jesuit missionaries to inform
them of latest developments in science, math, & medicine in Europe
Manchus Continue Isolation• Chinese think they’re
cultural center of world for 2,000 years
• If foreigners want to trade, they have to follow their rules (specific ports & pay tribute)
• Europeans want silk, porcelain, and especially tea
Daily Life in Ming & Qing• Greater rice production led to higher
population• Only sons valued; many female infants
killed• Most women forced to stay at home to
raise children & manage finances• Foot binding