Minerals Identify the difference between a mineral and a rock.
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Transcript of Minerals Identify the difference between a mineral and a rock.
![Page 1: Minerals Identify the difference between a mineral and a rock.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022032015/56649ce35503460f949af003/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MineralsIdentify the difference between a
mineral and a rock.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Minerals are inorganic, solid materials found in nature.– Inorganic means
not formed by plants or animals. They have no carbon.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Rocks are made of two or more minerals.– Each mineral has
unique characteristics that will identify it.
– More than 4000 minerals have been identified.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• How do minerals form?
1. From melted rock material inside the Earth called magma.
Magma at the Earth’s surface is called lava.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
2. Evaporation can form minerals.
– Example of salt crystals appearing when seawater evaporates.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
3. Precipitation can also form minerals.
• Water can only hold so much dissolved material.
– Any extra separates and falls out as a solid.
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Common Minerals• Remember there are
over 4000 minerals.
• Rocks that make up huge mountain ranges are made up of minerals.– These are called rock
forming minerals
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Common Minerals• Most of the rock-
forming minerals are silicates.– Silicates contain
silicon and oxygen.• SiO2
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Gems are minerals that are rare and when cut and polished gives them a beautiful appearance.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Diamonds: Are formed under special conditions. – A form of carbon.
–Created under high pressure deep in Earth’s mantle.
–Volcanic eruption can bring the diamonds close to Earth’s surface.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
•Ores: A mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for a profit.
– Ores are extracted by mining.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Aluminum, copper,
• Tungsten, iron, lead,
• Manganese, Nickel,
• Zinc, Chromium,
• Antimony, molybdenum,
• Silver
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Ore Processing: After an ore is mined, it must be processed to extract the desired mineral.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Ore Processing: 1. Smelting: Melts the ore and
removes most of the unwanted materials.
2. Refining: Further purifies the desired mineral even more.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels• North Carolina
ranks first in the east in the mining of gemstones.– Tourists search for
emeralds, rubies, sapphires, garnets, and other gemstones.
– The largest emerald found in North America came from NC.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels• NC leads the nation in the production of many minerals.• NC was once a major gold producing state.
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Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
• Section Review:1. What is a mineral?
• Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite composition and orderly atomic arrangement.
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Section Review• What is a rock?
– Usually composed of two or more minerals.
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Section Review• Name five common rock
forming minerals.1. Quartz
2. Feldspar
3. Calcite
4. Gypsum
5. Halite
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Section Review• Name five properties that are
commonly used to identify minerals.1. Color
2. Luster
3. Streak
4. Hardness
5. Cleavage
6. Magnetism
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Section Review• What event must occur for a
diamond to reach Earth’s surface?–Volcanic eruption
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Section Review• Where are diamonds formed?
–Deep within the Earth’s mantle under high pressure.
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Section Review• How do you extract ores from
the Earth?
• Mining
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Section Review• When is a mineral considered
an ore?
• When the mineral can undergo expensive mining and refinement and still yield a profit.