Minerals
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Transcript of Minerals
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Minerals
Rocks are made up of minerals but minerals are not made up of rocks!!
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Minerals
There are different kinds of minerals in rocks because rocks are made up of minerals.
Minerals are not made up of rocks.
The definition of a mineral includes very specific parts
It is multipart definition that helps us distinguish rocks from minerals
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Definition Part #1: Solid
Matter, things, can be in three different forms in nature Gas (Oxygen,
Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen)
Liquid (Water) Solid (Minerals,
Wood, Rock, Metal)
Minerals must be solids
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Definition Part #2: Inorganic
Things in nature are either Organic or Inorganic
Organic means:
Comes from living things
Inorganic means: Not coming from living things
So minerals cannot come from living
things
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Definition Part #3: Naturally Formed
Minerals are naturally formed They are found in
nature Natural things
include rocks, minerals, wood
They are not man-made People cannot
make a mineral Man-made things
include plastic, glass,
concrete, Styrofoam
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Definition Part #4: Structure
Minerals have a definite structure
Structure means: The individual pieces of the mineral are arranged in a way that is specific to that mineral You would have to study this aspect of
minerals with a microscope
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Definition Part #5: Same throughout
Minerals are made up of the same things
There is not a mixture of parts like in rocks.
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The whole definition of minerals….
A solid (not a liquid or a gas) Inorganic (not living) Naturally formed (not man made) Has definite structure Is the same throughout (is not
made up of different things)
http://www.minerals.net/gemstone/index.htm
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Interesting Facts about Minerals
Approximately 4,000 different minerals have been identified by scientists so far!
50-100 new minerals are discovered every year!
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Properties / Characteristics of Minerals
Properties help us identify minerals
We can use these properties to help us classify minerals just like the scientists who first found and identified them!
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Property #1: Color Minerals can be many
different colors Color can change due
to IMPURITIES (other things in the mineral that are not pure) Example: Pyrite (fool’s
gold) will turn brown or black when exposed to air
http://www.minerals.net/mineral/carbonat/calcite/images/4assortd.htm
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Property #2: Luster Luster means: “the
way a surface reflects light” (www.dictionary.com)
Whether or not it is shiny!!
Minerals that are shiny have a METALLIC luster.
Minerals that are dull have a NONMETALLIC luster.
http://www.minerals.net/mineral/sulfides/pyrite/pyrite2.htm
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Property #3: Streak If you were to rub a
mineral on a special piece of porcelain (pottery-like) called a “streak plate”, streak is the color of the powder left behind
In simple terms, the color of its powder when rubbed!!
http://www.minerals.net/mineral/oxides/hematite/hematit6.htm
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Property #4: Cleavage
If you were to break a mineral, “cleavage” is when it breaks and creates smooth, flat surfaces or pieces
Examples include Mica – breaks into sheets Halite – breaks at 90 degree angles in three directions
http://www.flickr.com/photos/orbitaljoe/108073872/
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Property #5: Fracture
If you were to break a mineral, “fracture” is when it breaks and creates a rough surface
An Example includes Quartz – creates a
curved fracture
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Property #6: Hardness• A mineral’s resistance to
being scratched. • The ability of a harder
material to scratch a softer material
Measured on the MOHS hardness scale.
It was created in 1812 by the German mineralogist, Friedrich Mohs
A Mohs Value of 1 is the softest and 10 is the hardest.
http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/elements/diamond/diamond.htm
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Mohs Hardness Scale
1. Talc Softest2. Gypsum3. Calcite4. Fluorite5. Apatite6. Orthoclase7. Quartz8. Topaz9. Corundum10. Diamond Hardest
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Property #7: Density
Measure of how much matter (stuff) is in the mineral.
Golf ball feels heavier than ping-pong ball because it is more dense (made of more stuff).
http://www.minerals.net/mineral/elements/gold/gold1.htm
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Special Property #1: Fluorescence
Does it glow under ultraviolet light? Yes: Then is has the
property of Fluorescence
No: Then is does not have the property Fluorescence
http://www.sterlinghill.org/Tour%20information.htm
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Special Property #2: Chemical Reactions
Does it bubble in acid??
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Special Property #3: Optical
Optical means: pertaining to sight or vision; visual (
www.dictionary.com)
Example: A thin piece of calcite placed over something will cause a double image
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Special Property #4: Magnetism
Magnetism means: “the properties of attraction possessed by magnets” (www.dictionary.com)
Natural magnets that attract iron
Do other metals or minerals stick to it like magnets?
http://www.minerals.net/mineral/oxides/magnetit/magneti4.htm
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Special Property #5: Taste
Example: Halite has a salty taste.
DO NOT TASTE MINERALS!
http://mineral.galleries.com/scripts/item.exe?LIST+Minerals+Halides+Halite
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Special Property #6: Radioactivity
Minerals that contain radium or uranium are radioactive
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Common Uses of Minerals Aluminum: packaging, transport, building (Yes, like aluminum cans) Beryllium: fluorescent lights (Like the
ones in school!) Copper: electric cables, wires, switches Feldspar: glass and ceramics Iron: buildings, automobiles, magnets Calcite: toothpaste, construction http://www.mii.org/commonminerals.php
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http://www.mii.org/www.mii.org
Even we need minerals!!!