mineral : rock :: tree : forest

pure, solid compound

non-biological processes (life does not assist in the process of formation)

very ordered molecular/atomic structure – usually results in a defined crystalline structure/pattern

• Physical – does NOT change the chemical make-up of the substance– states of matter - liquid to gas– mixtures/solutions

Chemical – does change the chemical make-up of a substance

– chemical reaction takes place

** Most tests are physical property tests in an introductory course.

• Color is the most Color is the most obviousobvious property property of a mineral; however it is also the of a mineral; however it is also the least least reliablereliable..

• Determine the color of a mineral by Determine the color of a mineral by observing the sample with the help observing the sample with the help of a hand lens and noting its overall of a hand lens and noting its overall color.color.

• Be specific! – descriptive imageryBe specific! – descriptive imagery

• identified by firmly rubbing a identified by firmly rubbing a mineral sample against an mineral sample against an unglazed unglazed porcelain tile and observing the porcelain tile and observing the color of its color of its streakstreak

• black or white black or white – use the tile that is – use the tile that is most contrasting most contrasting

• Determine the Determine the lusterluster of a mineral of a mineral by observing how light by observing how light reflectsreflects off off its surface.its surface.

• Looks like metal = Looks like metal = MetallicMetallic

• Does not look like metal = Does not look like metal = NonmetallicNonmetallic

Metallic or Nonmetallic?Metallic or Nonmetallic?

• Describes the way a mineral Describes the way a mineral breaks. breaks.

• If it If it cleavescleaves, then it breaks along , then it breaks along smoothsmooth, flat surfaces., flat surfaces.

• Describe the way a mineral breaks. Describe the way a mineral breaks.

• If a mineral If a mineral fracturesfractures, it breaks , it breaks along along roughrough edges. edges.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOVgOxRAkO0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4ji8WArIHE

• a mineral’s weight (not mass!)

• given in a ratio to an equivalent sample of water (apparent spec. grav. = density)

• for LAB – estimation of heft

• HIGH – MED - LOW

• Determine the hardness of a Determine the hardness of a mineral by using mineral by using Mohs’Mohs’ hardness hardness scale.scale.

• Fingernail = Fingernail = 2.52.5

• Penny (1982 or earlier) = Penny (1982 or earlier) = 3.03.0

• Steel nail/ paper clip = Steel nail/ paper clip = 5.55.5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E20n89tIgFY

• Some minerals have unique properties Some minerals have unique properties that enable us to determine their that enable us to determine their identities.identities.

• Taste (salty)Taste (salty)• ***Magnetism (attracts a magnet)***Magnetism (attracts a magnet)• ***Effervescence (bubbles & fizzes)***Effervescence (bubbles & fizzes)• Birefringence (double image)Birefringence (double image)• Fluorescence (glows)Fluorescence (glows)

• Shows attractive force between certain metals (usually iron, also nickel, cobalt, and steel)

• The Earth is a giant magnet (has an electromagnetic field)

• Physical or chemical property?

Bubbles and fizzes when acid is Bubbles and fizzes when acid is added to the mineral sample added to the mineral sample (carbonate minerals - calcium (carbonate minerals - calcium present)present) https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=OBTasvLEsJ8

Birefringence or TwinningBirefringence or Twinning

Causes a double image when Causes a double image when placed over text.placed over text.

FluorescenceFluorescence

Glows a greenish color when put Glows a greenish color when put under a black light.under a black light.

Mineral Properties wulfenite

color orange

streak white

luster nonmetallic

cleavage yes

density 6.9

hardness 3

• Using your book, provide examples Using your book, provide examples and extra information for each and extra information for each mineral property. mineral property.

• Color the front of your foldable.Color the front of your foldable.• Use it for Wednesday’s lab.Use it for Wednesday’s lab.

• Silently read the procedure to the Silently read the procedure to the mineral identification lab (5 min).mineral identification lab (5 min).

• Quietly discuss the procedure for Quietly discuss the procedure for each mineral property with your each mineral property with your table partner – make sure both table partner – make sure both partners understand each partners understand each procedure (5 min).procedure (5 min).

• Share out the mineral property Share out the mineral property procedures with the entire class.procedures with the entire class.

• ColorColor• LusterLuster• Cleavage/FractureCleavage/Fracture• StreakStreak• HardnessHardness• MagneticMagnetic• Mineral NameMineral Name

• Identify your 5 mineral samples Identify your 5 mineral samples following the procedure outlined in following the procedure outlined in your lab packet.your lab packet.

• When finished, place your lab When finished, place your lab materials back into your tote and materials back into your tote and answer the Lab Wrap-Up Questions answer the Lab Wrap-Up Questions on the last page of your packet.on the last page of your packet.

1-9 = hornblende1-9 = hornblende10-15 = quartz10-15 = quartz

1-6 = calcite1-6 = calcite7-11 = fluorite7-11 = fluorite12-15 = magnetite12-15 = magnetite

1-7 = pyrite1-7 = pyrite8-13 = augite8-13 = augite14-15 = mica14-15 = mica

1-10 = olivine1-10 = olivine11-15 = halite11-15 = halite

1-5 = gypsum1-5 = gypsum

6 = corundum6 = corundum

7-15 = hematite7-15 = hematite