Mineral resourses
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MINERAL RESOURSES
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance with a definite chemical composition, comprising of one or more elements .
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Galena, Lead ore
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Characteristics of minerals Ubiquitous in nature (found
everywhere ) Both organic and inorganic.Organic minerals :Coal, Petroleum & Natural GasInorganic minerals :Iron ,Copper ,Manganese etc…
Metallic minerals are not readily usable
They are found in the form of ores. Minerals provide raw material to
industries. Minerals are used electrical
appliances. Most minerals occur in crust but
some occur very deep into the earth(petroleum)
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Organic Minerals
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Inorganic minerals
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Classification of Minerals
Metallic Content-Metallic minerals-Non metallic minerals Iron Content-Ferrous minerals-Non ferrrous minerals
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Metallic Content
Minerals which contain metals Metallic Minerals: iron, copper, gold
etc…. These minerals have to be extracted
from the ores in which they are present along with some other metal.
Precious and Useful
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Gold
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Non metallic content
Minerals which do not contain metals.
Non Metallic Minerals: nitrate, potash, coal
These minerals produce heat and energy and hence called as fuels.
Coal and Petroleum are the minerals which originated from the plant and animal remains .
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Potash
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Iron Content
Ferrous minerals Minerals which have iron content.Eg: Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese etc….
Non Ferrous minerals Minerals which do not have iron
content.Eg: Copper, tin, aluminum etc….
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Cobalt and Copper
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Extraction and Mining of Minerals
Industrial development of a region is decided by it.
Population gets employment and concentrates around these sites.
To minimize transportation costs, various industries are established near these sites.
Different production units near different mining sites increse scope for high export earnings.
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Mining
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Iron
It is found on earth It is used in industries It is most preferred due to its hardness
and strength It can be shaped in different forms like
sheets, magnetic iron and steel It is a cyclical and reusable resource Distribution: Ukraine, Russia, Australia,
China, India, USA, Canada, UK, Japan etc…
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Types of Iron
Type Percentage of iron content
Magnetite 60
Hematite 50-60
Limonite 30-50
Siderite 30-50
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Magnetite
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Hematite
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Limonite
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Siderite
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Copper
It is used for alloy production .Alloyed with tin for Bronze, with zinc for brass, with nickel and zinc for Nickel Silver.
It is used for making utensils It is also used in industries for making
wires, machine parts and coins. It is used for making statues and
ornaments. Distribution:Chile,USA,Canada,Peru,Australi
a,Indonesia,China,Poland.In India in Rajasthan
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Copper
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Bauxite It is a ore of aluminium. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat
and electricity. It is used for making aluminium wire,
building ships, aircraft etc… It is used in paint industry as raw
material and to protect metals from corrosion
Aluminium foils are used to protect food from dust and contamination.
Distribution: Australia, Jamaica, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil In India in Orissa.
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Bauxite
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Mica
Non metallic mineral It is a insulator of electricity It occurs in Igneous Rocks , Sedimentary
Rocks, Metamorphic Rocks Distribution: India, USA, Ukraine, Russia,
South Africa, Tanzania ,etc…
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Mica
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Distribution of minerals in the world
Asia Europe North America South America Africa Australia
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Asia
Mostly in China and India Iron oreChina-1stIndia-5th
BauxiteChina-5th
India-7th Asia also has large deposits of
manganese, bauxite, zinc, nickel and copper
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Iron and Bauxite
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