Mineral Groups - Ms. Murray's Biology · Orderly crystalline structure (atoms and ions are arranged...
Transcript of Mineral Groups - Ms. Murray's Biology · Orderly crystalline structure (atoms and ions are arranged...
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MineralsMineralGroups
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2.2WhatareMinerals?5 characteristics of ALL MINERALS: 1. Naturally occurring (formed naturally) 2. Solid substance 3. Orderly crystalline structure (atoms and ions are
arranged in a repeating pattern) 4. Definite chemical composition (most are made up
of two or more elements) 5. Generally considered inorganic (non-living)
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2.2HowdoMineralsForm?• FormnearlyeverywhereonEarth,underdifferent
condi:ons.ex.deepincrustormantleofEarthwithhightempsandpressure–silicates.
• Thereare4majorprocessesthroughwhichmineralsform:
1. Crystalliza:onfrommagma2. Precipita:on3. Pressureandtemperature4. Hydrothermalsolu:ons
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2.2HowdoMineralsForm?1.Crystalliza:onfromMagma• Magma=moltenrock(formeddeepwithinEarth)• Whenmagmacools,elementscombineandminerals
form• Firstmineralsthatcrystallizeandusuallythosethat
havealotofiron,calciumandmagnesium.• Composi:onofmagmachangesasmineralsform:
sodium,potassiumandaluminumarethenmostcommoninminerals.
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MineralsFormedasaResultofCrystalliza:onofMagma
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2.2HowdoMineralsForm?2.Precipita:on• Waterinlakes,rivers,ponds,oceans,aswellaswater
underground,allcontainsdissolvedsubstances.• Whenwaterevaporates,someofthesesubstances
willreacttoformminerals.• Changesinwatertemperaturecanalsocause
dissolvedmaterialstoprecipitate.• Limestoneandcalciteareexamples.
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2.2HowdoMineralsForm?3.PressureandTemperature• Whenexis:ngmineralsundergochangesinpressure
andtemperature,mineralscanform.• Highpressurecanmakeamineralrecrystallizetoforma
morecompactmineral.• Temperaturechangescanmakemineralsunstableand
newmineralswillform.• Talcandmuscoviteareexamples.
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2.2HowdoMineralsForm?4.HydrothermalSolu:ons• Hydrothermalsolu:on:veryhotmixtureofwaterand
dissolvedsubstances.• Tempsbetween100-300degreesCelcius• Whenincontactwithexis:ngminerals,thesesolu:onsgo
throughchemicalreac:onstomakenewminerals.• Sulfurmineralsareexamples.
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2.2MineralGroups
Mineralscanbeclassifiedintogroupsbasedontheircomposi:on.1. Silicates2. Carbonates3. Oxides4. Sulfates&Sulfides5. Halides6. Na:veElements
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1.Silicates
• Silicon and oxygen combine to form a structure called the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. This silicon-oxygen tetrahedron provides the framework of every silicate mineral.
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2.Carbonates• Minerals that contain the elements carbon, oxygen,
and one or more other metallic elements
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3.Oxides• Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other
elements, which are usually metals
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4.SulfatesandSulfides
• Minerals that contain the element sulfur
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5.Halides• Minerals that contain a halogen ion plus
one or more other elements
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6.Na:veElements
• Minerals that exist in relatively pure form