MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped. Classification Minerals are generally grouped or...
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Transcript of MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped. Classification Minerals are generally grouped or...
MINERAL CLASSIFICATION
How minerals are grouped
Classification
• Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition.
• Most common system is the Dana system.
• Developed by Professor James Dana of Yale University in 1848.
Mineral Composition
• Minerals are usually compounds made of the most common elements in the crust
Silicates
The largest group of minerals
Composed of:Metal + SiO2
Example: topaz
Al2SiO4(F,OH)3
Carbonates
The second largest group of minerals
Composed of:Metal + CO3
Example: calcite
CaCO3
Oxides
Composed of:Metal + O
Example: magnetite
Fe3O4
Sulfates
Composed of:Metal + SO4
Example: barite
BaSO4
Halides
Composed of:Metal + halogen
Halogens include:ChlorineFluorineBromineIodine
Example: fluoriteCaF2
Sulfides
Composed of:Metal + S
Example: chalcocite
Cu2S
Phosphates
Composed of:Metal + PO4
Example: Apatite
Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)
Nitrates
Composed of:Metal + NO3
Example: Niter
KNO3
Native Elements
Composed of:A single element
Example: Gold
Au
Instructions:Place the names of the mineral groups across the top of your desk.Place the minerals in the correct column based on the chemistry.
Here are the correct results
Native Elements Silicates Oxides Halides
Sulfates Nitrates
Phosphates
Carbonates Sulfides
Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Chromite: FeCr2O4 Cryolite: Na3AlF6Gold: Au
Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2
Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3
Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8
Silver: Ag
Copper: Cu
Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Corundum: Al2O3
Hematite: Fe2O3
Magnetite: Fe3O4
Halite: NaCl
Fluorite: CaF2
Sylvite: KCl
Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.2H2O
Lazulite: MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2
Sulfur: S
Quartz: SiO2
Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8
Ilmenite: FeTiO3
Rutile: TiO2
Calcite: CaCO3 Galena: PbSGypsum: CaSO4.2H2O
Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2 Barite: BaSO4
Anhydrite: CaSO4
Sphalerite: ZnS
Pyrite: FeS2
Niter: KNO3
Epsomite: MgSO4.7H2O Bornite: Cu5FeS4
Siderite: FeCO3
Malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2
Directions on how to print the next slide for classroom use:
1.Follow these steps to print a copy of the mineral labels used by students in this activity.2.Duplicate the sheet and cut along the lines.3.Select “Print Preview” option on print menu.4.Select “slides” on Print What menu.5.Select “Print” on print menu.6.Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white”.
Native Elements Gold: Au Silver: Ag Copper: Cu
Silicates Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2
Oxides Corundum: Al2O3 Hematite: Fe2O3 Magnetite: Fe3O4
Carbonates Calcite: CaCO3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2
Halides Halite: NaCl Fluorite: CaF2 Sylvite: KCl
Sulfates Barite: BaSO4 Gypsum: CaSO4.2H2O Anhydrite: CaSO4
Sulfides Galena: PbS Sphalerite: ZnS Pyrite: FeS2
Nitrates Niter: KNO3
Phosphates Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.2H2O Lazulite: MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2
Sulfur: S
Quartz: SiO2 Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8 Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8
Ilmenite: FeTiO3 Rutile: TiO2 Chromite: FeCr2O4
Cryolite: Na3AlF6
Epsomite: MgSO4.7H2O
Bornite: Cu5FeS4 Siderite: FeCO3 Malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2