Mindfulness Presentation[1]
Transcript of Mindfulness Presentation[1]
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Mental Health Therapists’Perspectives on the Meaning of
Mindfulness
Sandra Kavanagh & Jean Morrissey
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Trinity College Dublin
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Background of Study
Literature Review on Mindfulness Key Findings
Implications for Future Practice
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MSc Study
Descriptive Qualitative Study
Ethical Approval Granted
Semi-Structured Interview
Process/Thematic Content Analysis Approach
10 Participants – Accredited /pre-accredited
Counsellor/Psychotherapists Supervisor – Ms Jean Morrissey
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The Original Definition of Mindfulness is basedon the premise of compassionate awareness by
intentionally paying attention to presentmoment experiences and acceptance of thoseexperiences without judgement
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‘Keeping one’s consciousness alive to
present reality…… paying attention ina particular way on purpose in the present moment and non –
judgementally’. (Kabat-Zinn 2012, p. 4, 11)
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‘The self regulation of attention towards
present moment experience accompaniedby a curious open and accepting stance’.( Langdon et al. 2011, p. 270)
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The traditional philosophy behind mindfulnesspractice is in creating an
Inner calmness
Quieting the mind of any distraction
Freeing the body of any tension or stress
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To understand the principles behind mindfulness,cultivate mindfulness and develop the capacity tolive life in harmony with acceptance, love
compassion and clarity requires developing a setof skills through different types of mindfulnesspractice
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‘maintaining awareness of thesensations in your body, the flow of
thoughts through your mind, the soundsand sights in your surroundings, thusmindfulness is awareness expanded into
ourselves and outward into the world’(McQuaid & Cameron 2004 p. 12)
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Formal – Mindful of ones mental state anddaily activities in the moment
Informal – Breathing Techniques, SittingMeditation, The Body Scan, Movement
Awareness
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To truly understand mindfulness requiresmore than just acquiring the skills andknowledge.
Compared to other yogic and other mediativetraditions mindfulness is unique in that itrequires experience through ongoing personalengagement in the practice. (Kabat-Zinn 2011)
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Originates from Eastern Buddhist Psychology
Considered a Pathway to Enlightenment
To help one become free of all sufferingsbrought on from unhealthy attachments,desires, cravings , hatred and ignorance (Sach
2007)
A new way of thinking doing and seeing (Kabat-Zinn 2011)
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The spread of Buddhist Psychology inparticular, mindfulness principles and practiceshave now moved from its place of origin in
northern India and has been embraced bywestern cultures
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Inspired by Eastern Buddhist Psychology modernBuddhism in particular , the practice of mindfulnesshas seen a surge of interest within western mentalhealth services. (McWilliams 2012)
Empirical studies show promising results on theclinical benefits of mindfulness applied to clinicalpractice (Cheisa 2012)
Resulting in medical science and modern psychologyintegrating Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBI)with a range of people suffering debilitation medicalconditions and mental health problems (Keng et al. 2011)
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Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)- (Kabat – Zinn 1990)
Dialectic Behavioural Therapy (DBT) - (Linehan, 1993)
Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) -(Hayes et al.1999)
Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy(MBCT) -(Segal etal. 2002)
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Mindfulness Based Relationship Enhancement Therapy(MBRET) (Carson et al. 2004)
Mindfulness Action Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)16 week group programme combining cognitive withco-existing substance misuse (SUD) and binge eatingdisorders (BED). (Courbasson et al. (2011)
Mindfulness Based Awareness (MBA), youth specific
programme. (Hemelstein et al. 2012)
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Used to promote well being for people with a range ofphysical conditions and mental health problems
Chronic Pain
Attention Deficit Hyper Activity (ADHD) Clinical Depression Anxiety (GAD)
Stress (PTSD)
Psychosis Schizophrenia Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
Addiction (SUD)
Eating Disorders (BED)
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Self Care (Shapiro et al. 2007)
Improved Therapeutic Alliance (Crane et al. 2010)
Improved Therapeutic Outcomes (Brady et al. 2012)
Reduction in Medication Use (Paulik et al. 2010)
Reduction in Relapse (Bien & Bien 2002)
Increase in Accepting Attitudes (Hemelstein et al.
2012)
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Mental Health Therapists’ Understanding ofMindfulness
Integrating Mindfulness to Clinical Practice
Developing and Learning Mindfulness
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Being Aware
Being Relaxed
A Way of Being in the Present Moment
A Way of Getting Back in Touch With Oneself
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My view of mindfulness is being awareof what's around being aware of
yourself, being aware of sounds, beingaware of what is going around you andalso being aware of your body (P7)
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My understanding of mindfulness I suppose isbasically being in the present moment andcalming the spirit. (P5)
Mindfulness is distinct its more I mean mindfulnessis you can do it without religion. (P10)
It would be mindfulness but maybe faith it’s hard todistinguish between the two I kind of have the twointerwoven. (P3)
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I just have a hard time people calling it a therapeuticapproach where to me it’s not a therapeuticapproach it’s a technique that can be used in
therapy. (P4)
It’s a tool to help you to enjoy the journey (P9)
I perceive mindfulness as a therapeutic practice I just cant see how it really is a therapeutic tool. (P1)
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Works Well Through All Therapies
Numerous Therapeutic Benefits
Works Predominantly Well With Children,Adolescents and Adults
Works Well With an Accumulation of Mental
Health Problems
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I have somebody who has not so muchemotional difficulties but behavioural
difficulties ADHD compulsions things likethat anger management I have found that itcan be difficult to try and get them to calm or
to accept the fact that what you are trying todo is to just ground them. (P8)
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Meditation is kind of looked onsometimes especially by some guys as
being a soft kind of approach it’s sillykind of thing…. And meditation is not going to do anything. (P8)
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I probably wasn’t a candidate for acourse like that straight away you know
it could make me weepy at times…. Itsbrought me into spaces that weren'teasiest for me (P9)
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Ongoing professional development/ Necessary
Non – Engagement in the Practice/Busyiness
Different Styles of Training/CausingConfusion
Limited Available Courses
Training V Practice/Commitment Competency /Acceptable Levels of Training
Monitoring/Evaluation
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I think from the way its started from were mindfulnessstarted and where it is today in 2012 lets say I think ithas been changed a lot it has been shaped a lot and alsoit has been changed to suit a lot of things. (P7)
Its just you know very much in the west we’re verymuch about a product we’re very much about creating a
product and what we tend to do is in creating that product we tend to lose an essences of what it is and I feel its has become very commercialised. (P1)
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I don’t think mindfulness is understood Iknow I have my bit of understanding of it Iknow people are getting more becoming more
aware of what it might be (P2)
I feel I could learn more techniques (P1)
I suppose learning more about the concept Iwould love (P7)
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Small Sample Size
Similar Backgrounds
One Location
Transcripts Not Reviewed
Anxiety Performance
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In depth insight into real experiences
Opportunity to reflect & elaborate
Reduced Mixed Interpretations
Researcher highly skilled in interviewing
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Certified Standardised MBI Training Programs
Supervision with Qualified MindfulnessSupervisor
Mediation Rooms for Therapists Re-fresher Courses
Regulated Standards of Teacher Training
Regulated Standards of Knowledge /Skills/
Experiential Learning Regulated Standards of Monitoring &
Evaluating Clinical Performance.
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‘Mindfulness is the miracle that can call backin a flash our dispersed mind and restore it towholeness so that we can live each minute of
life… When you enter deeply into the presentmoment you see the nature of reality and thisinsight liberates you from suffering and
confusion’
-------- Thich Nhat Hanh
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