MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLABMIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB® Yong...
Transcript of MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLABMIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB® Yong...
MIMO-OFDM
Wireless
Communications
with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho | Jaekwon Kim
Won Young Yang | Chung G. Kang
Chapter 1. The Wireless Channel :
Propagation and Fading
Page ▪ 2MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
Chapter 1. Kablosuz Kanal: Yayılım ve Sönümlenme
▪Reflection:
▪Diffraction
▪Scattering
▪Fading
▪Multipath fading
▪Shadowing
Page ▪ 3MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
Chapter 1. Kablosuz Kanal: Yayılım ve Sönümlenme
▪ 1.1 LARGE-SCALE FADING
- 1.1.1 General Path Loss Model
- 1.1.2 Okumura/Hata Model
- 1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d Model
▪ 1.2 SMALL-SCALE FADING
- 1.2.1 Parameters for Small-Scale Fading
- 1.2.2 Time-Dispersive vs. Frequency-Dispersive Fading
- 1.2.3 Statistical Characterization and Generation of Fading Channel
Page ▪ 4MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
Chapter 1. Kablosuz Kanal
Figure 1.1 Sönümlü Kanalların Sınıflandırması
Page ▪ 5MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
Chapter 1. Kablosuz Kanal
Figure 1.2 Large-scale fading vs. small-scale fading
Page ▪ 6MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
Chapter 1. Kablosuz Kanal
Figure 1.3 Link budget for the fading channel(1994 IEEE. Reproduced from Greenwood, D. and Hanzo, L.,
“Characterization of mobile radio channels,” in Mobile Radio Communications, R. Steele(ed.), pp. 91–185,1994,
with permission from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).)
Page ▪ 7MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1 Büyük Çağlı Sönümlenme1.1.1 Genel Yol Kaybı Modeli
▪ ( )
2
2 2( )
4
t t r
r
PG GP d
d L
= (1.1)
( )
2
2 2( )[ ] 10log 10log
4
t t r
F
r
P G GPL d dB
P d
= = −
(1.2)
( )
2
2 2( )[ ] 10log 10log
4
t
F
r
PPL d dB
P d
= = −
(1.3)
Page ▪ 8MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.1 Genel Yol Kaybı Modeli
0
0
( )[ ] ( ) 10 logLD F
dPL d dB PL d n
d
= +
(1.4)
Figure 1.4 Free-space path loss model
Page ▪ 9MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.1 Genel Yol Kaybı Modeli
Environment Path Loss Exponent ( )
Free Space 2
Urban area cellular radio 2.7 to 3.5
Shadowed urban cellular radio 3 to 5
In building Line-Of-Sight 1.6 to 1.8
Obstructed in building 4 to 6
Obstructed in factories 2 to 3
n
Page ▪ 10MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.1 Genel Yol Kaybı Modeli
0
0
( )[ ] ( ) ( ) 10 logF
dPL d dB PL d X PL d n X
d
= + = + +
(1.5)
Figure 1.5 Log-distance pathloss model
Page ▪ 11MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.1 Genel Yol Kaybı Modeli
Figure 1.6 Log-normal shadowing path loss model
Page ▪ 12MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.2 Okumura/Hata Modeli
( )[ ] ( , )Ok F MU Rx Tx AREAPL d dB PL A f d G G G= + − − + (1.6)
( ), ( )[ ] 69.55 26.16log 13.82log 44.9 6.55log logHata U c Tx Rx TxPL d dB f h C h d= + − − + − (1.7)
( )0.8 1.1log 0.7 1.56logRx c Rx cC f h f= + − −(1.8)
Page ▪ 13MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.2 Okumura/Hata Modeli
( )( )
( )( )
2
2
8.29 log 1.54 1.1 150 200
3.2 log 11.75 4.97 200 1500
Rx c
Rx
Rx c
h if MHz f MHzC
h if MHz f MHz
− = −
(1.9)
2
, ,( )[ ] ( ) 2 log 5.428
c
Hata SU Hata U
fPL d dB PL d
= − −
(1.10)
( )2
, ,( )[ ] ( ) 4.78 log 18.33log 40.97Hata O Hata U c cPL d dB PL d f f= − + − (1.11)
Page ▪ 14MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.2 Okumura/Hata Modeli
Figure 1.7 Hata path loss model
Page ▪ 15MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d
( )802.16 0 10 0
0
( )[ ] 10 log forF f Rx
dPL d dB PL d C C d d
d
= + + +
(1.12)
106log ( / 2000)f cC f= (1.13)
10
10
10.8log ( / 2) for TypeAand B
20log ( / 2) for TypeC
RxRx
Rx
hC
h
−=
−(1.14)
10
10
10log ( / 3) for 3
20log ( / 3) for 3
Rx RxRx
Rx Rx
h h mC
h h m
− =
− (1.15)
Page ▪ 16MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d
Parameter Type A Type B Type C
a 4.6 4 3.6
b 0.0075 0.0065 0.005
c 12.6 17.1 20
Page ▪ 17MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d
Parameter Type A Type B Type C
a 4.6 4 3.6
b 0.0075 0.0065 0.005
c 12.6 17.1 20
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Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d
' ' '0 0 0
10 10 10
0
4 420log 20log 10 log f Rx
d d dC C
d
= + + +
(1.16)
10'0 010
f RxC C
d d
+ − = (1.17)
'10 0
802.16 ''0
10 10 0
0
420log for
( )[ ]4
20log 10 log for
M
f Rx
dd d
PL d dBd d
C C d dd
=
+ + +
(1.18)
Page ▪ 19MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d
Figure 1.8 IEEE 802.16d path loss model Figure 1.9 Modified IEEE 802.16d path loss model
Page ▪ 20MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2 Küçük Çaplı Sönümlenme1.2.1 Zaman ve Frekans Yayılımlı Sönümlenme
(a) Frequency-non-selective fading channel (b) Frequency-selective fading channel
▪ Power Delay Profile
▪ Tap
▪ Relative Delay
▪ Relative average power
▪ Mean excess delay
▪ RMS Delay Spread
Page ▪ 21MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.1 Zaman ve Frekans Yayılımlı Sönümlenme
Tap Relative delay ( ) Average Power ( )
1 0 0.0
2 110 -9.7
3 190 -19.2
4 410 -22.8
ns dB
Page ▪ 22MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.1 Zaman ve Frekans Yayılımlı Sönümlenme
▪ Düz sönümlenme
▪ Frekans seçici sönümlenme
▪ Mean excess delay
▪ RMS Delay Spread
2
2
( )
( )
k k k k
k k
k k
k k
a P
a P
= =
(1.21)
2 2( ) = − (1.22)
2 2 2
2
2
( )
( )
k k k k
k k
k k
k k
a P
a P
= =
(1.23)
S C
S
B B
T
(1.19)
S C
S
B B
T
(1.20)
Page ▪ 23MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.1 Time-Dispersive vs. Frequency-Dispersive Fading
▪ Tutarlılık Bandı
▪ 0.9 ilintili tutarlılık bandı
▪ 0.5 ilintili tutarlılık bandı
▪ Hızlı sönümlenme
▪ Yavaş sönümlenme
1
50CB
(1.25)
1
5CB
(1.26)
1CB
(1.24)
S C
S D
T T
B B
(1.27)
S C
S D
T T
B B
(1.28)
Page ▪ 24MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2 Küçük Çaplı Sönümlenme1.2.1 Zaman ve Frekans Yayılımlı Sönümlenme
(a) Frequency-non-selective fading channel (b) Frequency-selective fading channel
Figure 1.10 Characteristics of fading due to time dispersion over multi-path channel
Page ▪ 25MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.1 Zaman ve Frekans Yayılımlı Sönümlenme
▪ Tutarlılık zamanı
▪ Tutarlılık zamanı
▪ Tutarlılık zamanı
1C
m
Tf
2D mB f= (1.29)
9
16C
m
Tf
(1.30)
9 0.423
16C
m m
Tf f
= = (1.31)
Page ▪ 26MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Statistical Characterization and Generation of Fading Channel
Figure 1.11 Planewave arriving at receiver moves in the direction of x with a velocity of v
Page ▪ 27MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
▪ Alıcıdaki sinyal
▪ Kanal modeli
▪ Yol gecikmesi sembol zamanından kısaysa
( )
1
( ) ( )i
Ij t
i i
i
y t C e x t −
=
= − ( ) ( ) 2i c i i it f f f = + − (1.35)
( )
1
( , ) ( )i
Ij t
i i
i
h t C e t −
=
= − (1.36)
( )
1
ˆ ˆ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( )i
Ij t
i
i
h t C e t h t t −
=
= − = − (1.37)
Page ▪ 28MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
▪ Rayleigh dağılımlı olarak modellenebilir
( ) ( )cos2 ( )sin 2I c Q cy t h t f t h t f t = − (1.38)
1
( ) cos ( )I
I i i
i
h t C t=
= (1.39)
1
( ) sin ( )I
Q i i
i
h t C t=
= (1.40)
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) cos2 ( ) ( ) sin 2
( )cos2 ( )sin 2I I I Q
yy
I I Q I
h h c h h c
E y t y t
E h t h t f E h t h t f
f f
= +
= + − +
= −
(1.41)
Page ▪ 29MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Statistical Characterization and Generation of Fading Channel
( )
,( ) ( ) ( ) cos 22
cos 2 cos2
I I i
p
h h I I i
p
m
E h t h t E f
E f
= + =
=
τ θ
(1.42)
( ),( ) ( ) ( ) sin 2 cos2I Q
p
h h I Q mE h t h t E f
= + = τ θ(1.43)
1 2
1 2
2 2 2
1
, , ,
, , ,
( ) ( )
I
I
I
p I Q i
i
E h t E h t C
=
=
=
= + =
τ
θ (1.44)
Page ▪ 30MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )0
( ) cos 2 cos2
1cos 2 cos 2
2 2 2
I I
p
h h m
p p
m m
f p G d
f d J f
−
−
=
= =
(1.45)
( )1
( ) sin 2 cos 02 2I Q
p
h h mf d
−
= = (1.46)
( )0
( ) ( )cos 2 sin 2
2 cos 22
I I I Qyy h h c h h c
p
m c
f f
J f f
= −
=
(1.47)
Page ▪ 31MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
▪ Klasik Doppler skeptrumu
( )2
1
2( ) ( ) ( ) 1 /
0 otherwise
I I Q Q I I
p
m
mh h h h h h m
f ffS f S f F t f f
= = =
(1.48)
*1( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( )I I I Q
hh
h h h h
E h t h t
j
= +
= +
(1.49)
( ) ( ) ( )I I I Qhh h h h hS f S f jS f= + (1.50)
Page ▪ 32MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
2( ) Re ( ) cj f
yy hh e =
*
Re2
a aa
+=
*( ) ( )hh hh = −
( ) ( )2
1
41( ) 1
2
0 otherwise
p
c m
mc
yy hh c hh c
m
f f ff
f fS f S f f S f f
f
−
− = − + − + = −
(1.51)
(1.52)
(1.53)
(1.54)
Page ▪ 33MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )4
p
yyS f df G p G p d
= + − − (1.55)
( )22sinm m cdf f d f f f d = − = − − (1.56)
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
22
4( )
p
yy
m c
S f G p G p
f f f
= + − −
− −
(1.57)
Page ▪ 34MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Sönümlü Kanalın İstatistiksel Karakterizasyonu ve Üretimi
▪ Rice sönümlenmesi
( ) ( ) ( )0
1
1 1
Kp p
K K = + −
+ +
2
22
cK
=
( ) ( )0
1( ) 2 cos 2 cos
1 2 1 2I I
p p
h h m m
KJ f f
K K
= +
+ +
(1.58)
(1.59)
(1.60)
Page ▪ 35MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
1.2.3 Statistical Characterization and Generation of Fading Channel
( )( ) sin 2 cos1 2I Q
p
h h m
Kf
K
=
+(1.61)
( )( )0
2
1( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 1cos
1 2 1 21
0
c d
hh hh hh
p p
m m
mm
KS f S f S f
K K
Kf f f f
K f Kf f
otherwise
= ++ +
+ −
+ += −
(1.62)