millenium development goal no 4
Transcript of millenium development goal no 4
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MDG GOAL 4
REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
Ms. Harpreet Kaur
Lecturer
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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) areeight international development goals that wereofficially established following the MillenniumSummit of the United Nations in 2000, followingthe adoption of the United Nations MillenniumDeclaration.
All 193 United Nations member states and atleast 23 international organizations have agreedto achieve these goals by the year 2015.
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8 MDG GOALS
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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
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Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary
Education
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Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and
Empower Women
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Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
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Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
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Goal 6: Combats HIV/AIDS, Malaria
and Other Diseases
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Goal 7: Ensure environmental
sustainability
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Goal 8: Develop a global partnership
for development
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INDICATORS:
Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate
among children under five by 2015
Under-five mortality rate
Infant mortality rate
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised
against measles
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GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and2015, the under-five mortality rate.
Close to 11 million children die every yearbefore reaching the age of five, or 20 perminute ,30,000 per day. Nearly 4 million ofthese die in the first 28 days of life.
Most of the deaths are due to causes likepneumonia, diarrhoea, measles, malaria, andneonatal causes.
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Malnutrition is associated with 54% of thedeaths.
99% of the deaths are in low and middle-
income countries, mostly in sub-SaharanAfrica and South Asia.
Measles deaths world-wide dropped by nearly40% between 1999 and 2003.
GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
contd...
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Child mortality, also known as under-5mortality, refers to the death of infants and
children under the age of five per 1,000 livebirths.
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number ofdeaths of children less than one year of ageper 1000 live births.
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According to UNICEF, most child deaths result
from one the following five causes or a
combination of:
Acute respiratory infections
Diarrhoea
Measles
Malaria
Malnutrition
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CAUSES OF UNDER 5 MORTALITY
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INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
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INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
1. Care for newborns and theirmothers
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2. Infant and young child feeding
INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
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3. Vaccination
INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
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4.Prevention and case managementof pneumonia, diarrhoea and
sepsis
INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
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5. Malaria control
INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
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6. Prevention and care ofHIV/AIDS.
INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR
REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY
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WHO strategies to deliverthese interventions
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WHO strategies
1.Appropriate home care andtimely treatment of
complications for newborns
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2. Integrated management ofchildhood illness for all
children under five years old
WHO strategies
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3. Expanded programme onimmunization
WHO strategies
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4. Infant and young child feeding.
WHO strategies
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5. These child health strategies arecomplemented by interventions for
maternal health, in particular, skilled
care during pregnancy and childbirth.
WHO strategies
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The poorest states in India (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,Rajasthan, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh):
are among the most populous in the country, and
have among the worst MD indicators.
Owing to more rapid population growth, these states willaccount for an even larger share of Indias population in2015.
Therefore, Indias attainment of MDGs will largely dependon the performance of these states.
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Goal 4. Reduce child mortality: Infant Mortality Rate
0
20
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Rural Total Urban
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GOALS PROGRESS IN INDIA
IMR per thousand live births:
80 (1990)
53 (2008-10)
Target is to reduce it to 26.7 (2015)
U5MR per thousand live births:
125 (1990)
74.6 (2005-06)
62 (2010)
Target is to reduce it to 42 (2015)
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Conclusion
To accelerate progress towards achieving MDG-4 by2015 there are four areas of concern to address:
1. Large inequities in U5 mortality across states andbetween social and economic groups inhibit theacceleration in progress.
2. Continued presence of several risk factors, whichare significantly associated with infant and U5mortality retard the progress includes
low levels ofmaternal education (less than class 8) early childbearing (earlier than 20 yrs)
inadequate birth spacing (less than 24 months).
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Conclusion contd..
3. Highlight the importance of improving
quality of perinatal care for improving child
survival.
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THANK YOU