Military Microgrids and SPIDERS Implementation - · PDF file• Vehicle-to-Grid •...

US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG®

Military Microgrids and SPIDERS Implementation Melanie Johnson Electrical Engineer U.S. Army ERDC-CERL

APEC 2013 Alternative Energy Industry Session 21 March 2013 Long Beach, CA

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Melanie Johnson, ERDC-CERL

ARI Army Research

Institute ASA(ALT) DCSPER G-1 DA PEOs

TRADOC Training & Doctrine

Command

SMDC Space & Missile

Defense Command

MEDCOM ATEC

Army Test & Evaluation Command

Army Materiel

Command

Corps of Engineers

MRMC Medical

Research & Material

Command

ERDC Engineer

R&D Center

FOC Leads Force Operating

Capabilities RDECOM

SOSI Systems of Systems

Integration

AMRDEC Army Aviation and Missile

RD&E Center

TARDEC Tank and

Automotive RD&E Center

ARDEC Armament

RD&E Center

CERDEC Communications

& Electronics RD&E Center

ARL Army

Research Lab

ECBC Edgewood Chemical

Biological Center

NSC Natick Solider Center

STC Simulation Technology

Center

AMSAA Army Material

Systems Analysis Activity

ARO Army Research Office Army STTR PMO

ARO-Washington Army SBIR PMO

M&S FAST

Int. Programs

Agile Development Center

Integration

Participants in SBIR Participants in SBIR and STTR

Army R&D Organizations

2


Engineer Research and Development Center

The Dalles Research Facility Dallesport, WA

Eau Galle Laboratory Spring Valley, WI

Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystems

Research Facility Lewisville, TX

Trotter Shoals Limnological Research Facility

Calhoun, SC

Big Black Test Facility

Field Research Facility, Duck, NC

Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) Champaign, IL

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) Hanover, NH

International Research Office

Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) Alexandria, VA

Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) Environmental Laboratory (EL) Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (GSL) Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) Vicksburg, MS

Alaska Projects Office Fairbanks, AK

CRREL Alaska Office Anchorage, AK

Fisheries Engineering Team Columbia River Basin Bonneville, WA

2500 ERDC Team Members

Field Offices

Laboratories

US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG®


Energy Conservation Measures

Power Generation Technology

Efficient Facilities Microgrids

Building Automation Systems

Base Camp Operational Energy

Air Tightness Standards Building Envelope Loss Modeling Net-Zero Energy Modeling

Energy Audits

Water Sustainability

Energy Security Distributed Generation Renewable Resources Fuel Cells

Waste to Energy

Energy Economics and Markets

Behavior Change Locally-Sourced

Bio-Fuels

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BUILDING STRONG® Melanie Johnson, ERDC-CERL

Army Microgrid Motivation DoD Policy Goals

► EISA 2007, EPAct 2005, Ex. Order 13514

Energy Security ► Army Energy Security Implementation Strategy ► Surety, Survivability, Supply, Sufficiency, and

Sustainability

Renewables Integration ► Economic Optimization ► Islanded Operation

Evolving Energy Market Participation ► Demand Response, Peak Shaving ► Real Time Pricing ► PHEV, BEV Integration

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BUILDING STRONG® Melanie Johnson, ERDC-CERL BUILDING STRONG®1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Net-Zero Pilot Installations IdentifiedArmy Energy Security Implementation StrategyEO 13514Renewable Energy Handbook for InstallationsAR 420-1, Army Facilities ManagementESPC and UESCEnergy Independence and Security Act 2007Army Energy and Water Campaign Plan for InstallationsSec. Army Memo Designation of Senior Official - EO 13423Army Energy ConservationArmy Sustainable Design and Development PolicyArmy Petroleum Reduction StrategyDOD 4500.36-R Authorization of Acquisition of VehiclesIDG Compliance and MILCON TransformationSec. Def. Memo on 13423EO 13423Army Directive Reducing SUVsArmy Green Procurement GuideSustainable Management of Waste in ConstructionArmy Policy SPIRT to LEEDDODI 4170.11Installation Energy GoalsSec. Def. Memo on Fuel ConservationEnergy Policy Act 2005Army Energy Strategy for InstallationsArmy Strategy for the EnvironmentAR-58-1 Management of Motor VehiclesArmy Policy SPIRTEO 13150Army Policy Sustainable Design and DevelopmentEO 13031

Executive Order

Army GuidanceDOD GuidanceLaws and Statutes

► Fossil Fuel Energy Reduction: 55% in 2010 100% in 2030

► 25% renewable energy by 2025

► 30% better energy consumption in new (“If cost effective”)

► 7.5% renewable energy by 2013

Polic

yEx

pans

ion

Army Goals: ► 9 NZE Installations by 2020 ► 25 NZE Installations by 2030



Microgrid Scalability

Tactical 99% Islanded, 1%

Grid Tied 10s of kWs

Highly Portable

Operational Forward Operating

Bases 100s of kWs

Power Sharing

Installation 99% Grid Tied, 1%

Islanded 10s of MWs

Flexible Distribution

Microgrid Scalability

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Microgrid Types

8

The Central Plant (maybe not really a microgrid)

The Central Bus (can be DC!) Distributed Generation

Melanie Johnson, ERDC-CERL 9

Implementing Microgrids

Blue Sites: Microgrids Under Construction Black Sites: Existing “Microgrids” Red Sites: Microgrid Studies/Plans

S.B. Van Broekhoven, N. Judson, S.V.T. Nguyen, and W.D. Ross. “Microgrid Study: Energy Security for DoD Installations.” Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratories Technical Report 1164. 18 June 2012.


Energy Storage

Backup Generation

Mission Critical Loads Mission Priority Loads

Electrified NTVs Renewable Sources

E N

L

E N

L

Grid

Non-Critical Loads

AC DC

AC DC

Backup Generation

AC DC

AC DC

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Energy Storage

Backup Generation



E N

L

E N

L

Grid

Non-Critical Loads

AC DC

AC DC

Backup Generation

AC DC

AC DC

S

C

C C

C

C

C C C

C

C

C

S S

Main Control

HMI/GUI

Sync Sync

Sync

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Existing Infrastructure: ► Designing around existing distribution ► “Cherry picking” loads ► Minimum impact mentality ► Practical research projects ► Fiber/Communications Availability

Interconnection: ► Proprietary Protocols/Tools ► Legacy Equipment

► New vulnerabilities (network connectivity) Sustainment

Network and Security Maintenance Testing Warranties

Microgrid Challenges: Integration

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Cyber Security Challenges: Operational Capabilities

Security measures can impede system operation, particularly in contingency situations

Control Systems Vendors include known default passwords. Allows easy access:

o Especially for the good guys in a pinch! o …and especially for malicious intent!

Vulnerabilities like this are required for system operation.

"Because these are legacy products nearing the end of their life cycle, ABB does not intend to patch these vulnerable components,"

Good security practices can have

dramatic operational impact.

BUILDING STRONG® Melanie Johnson, ERDC-CERL 14

The Value of Connectivity Communication with a utility/ISO/RTO facilitates

realization of microgrid market capabilities. ►Not just peak-shaving

Funding for large-scale microgrid

projects is scarce. ►Alternative financing and revenue streams are desirable.

Introducing new vulnerabilities largely eliminates the

benefits of the microgrid. ►Defense is needed.


Energy Storage

Backup Generation



E N

L

E N

L

Non-Critical Loads

AC DC

AC DC

Backup Generation

AC DC

AC DC

S

C

C C

C

C

C C C

C

C

C

S

HMI/GUI

Sync Sync

Sync

Grid

Main Control

S

Utility/ISO

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The Challenges of Interconnection and Communication

$

Secure connections to data and information

via the internet

Microgrid Control Area Network interfaces with local controllers

Microgrid Local Controllers interface with legacy equipment

Interface with NEC to communicate with garrison systems

Interact with UMCS to control building and SCADA loads

VLAN M

VLAN S

VLAN U

Installation Campus Area Network

UMCS

The Internet

DMZ


JCTD SPIDERS Overview

Phase1: JB Pearl-Hickam Circuit Level Demonstration • Renewables • Storage • Energy Management

Phase 2: Fort Carson Microgrid • Large-Scale

Renewables • Vehicle-to-Grid • Smart Microgrid • Critical Assets • CONUS Homeland

Defense Demo • COOP Exercise

Phase 3: Camp Smith Energy Island • Entire Installation Smart

Microgrid • Islanded Installation • High Penetration of

Renewables • Demand Side

Management • Redundant Backup

Power • Makana Pahili Hurricane

Exercise

Beyond: Transition • Template for DoD-wide

Implementation • CONOPS • TTPs • Training Plans • DoD Adds Specs to

GSA Schedule • Transition to

Commercial Sector • Transition Cyber

Security to Federal Sector and Utilities

Cyber-Security Solution Development

Intended End Result of SPIDERS: First Complete DoD installation with a secure, smart, islandable microgrid Template for DoD-wide installation energy security

Technical Manager: U.S. Army ERDC-CERL, Deputy TM: Sandia National Laboratory

Slide content courtesy of Juan Torres, SNL 18


A. 800kW diesel generator B. PV array C. 1600kW Generator and load control at buildings D. Human Machine Interface (HMI) E. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

11.5 kV Microgrid Communications and Control

Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam SPIDERS Phase 1 Microgrid


The SPIDERS Microgrid at Fort Carson

2 MW Solar Array

SPIDERS Microgrid Region

SPIDERS Microgrid at Fort Carson Features: • 1.1 MW Critical Load, 1 MW Priority Load • 3.25 MVA Diesel Generation (three existing assets) • 2 MW Solar Array (existing asset) • 5 Electric Vehicles with Vehicle to Grid Capability • Comprehensive Cyber Security Solution • 72 Hour Operational Demonstration

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The SPIDERS Microgrid at Fort Carson 2 MW solar and 3.25 MVA diesel backup generation

► 500 kW blocks of PV array ► No modifications (except a on/off

signal) to PV inverters ► Proof-of-concept at JBPHH with

150kW PV array ► Testing will experiment with

maximum PV penetration.

5 Electric Vehicles with V2G Capability ► Provide some stabilization to microgrid ► Developmental converter/aggregator

interfaces with microgrid control system ► Intended to provide demand response,

peak shaving, and ancillary services in wholesale market

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Wrap Up The DOD is driven to develop innovative solutions

to increase renewable resources at domestic installations.

Microgrids offer the DOD not only renewable energy integration but also increased energy security.

Microgrid pilots are on the cusp of producing results and informing DOD energy decisions

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Questions?

Melanie Johnson: [email protected]

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Auxiliary Slides

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SPIDERS JCTD Objectives

Cyber-security ►Layered in-depth defense ► Information assurance

Smart Grid

Technologies & Applications ►Automated load balancing, ►Two-way communication, ►Smart-metering, ►Automatic system

re-configuration ►Demand side

management/Load shedding

Islanded Micro-grid ►Entire installation to island ►Extended continuity of

operations ►Seamless

disconnect/reconnect

Distributed &

intermittent renewable sources ►Off-grid availability ►Reduce fossil fuel

consumption and carbon boot-print

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SPIDERS Participants

USPACOM, USNORTHCOM, DOE, and DHS

DOE - 5 Nat’l Labs

USACE ERDC – Construction Engineering Research Lab (CERL)

Military Services

Navel Facilities Engineering Cmd

Local Utility Companies

States of Hawaii & Colorado


SPIDERS Microgrids On Oahu

Phase 1: Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam

Phase 3: Camp Smith


Other Projects Fort Bliss Microgrid Demonstration:

► Dining Facility supported by existing backup diesel, high penetration renewables, and energy storage.

► Partnership with Lockheed Martin ► ESTCP Funded

OpenADR Protocol Demonstration: ► Pilot tariff and protocol demonstration at Fort Irwin,

CA for automated demand response ► Partnership with Honeywell ► ESTCP funded


Fort Sill Field-Scale Microgrid Demonstration Generation:

► 2 – 210kW Natural Gas Generators

► 30 kW PV ► 2.4 kW Wind ► 500 kWh/250 kW ZnBr

Flow Battery Loads: Chiller Loop Features:

► Adjustable trip-curve breakers

► Microgrid Interface Switch

Demonstration: ► Seamless transition ► Extended islanded

operation

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Expect efficiency gains through eliminating multiple AC/DC conversions

24V DC Power Distribution Generation:

► 7 kW PV ► Energy Storage ► Power Grid

Load: ► Fluorescent Lighting with DC

Ballasts ► Electronics

Nextek DC Power System

Military Microgrids and SPIDERS Implementation - · PDF file• Vehicle-to-Grid •...

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