Haircoloring Special Effects Miladys Standard Cosmetology Cosmetology:
Milady’s Standard Cosmetology Cosmetology: Anatomy and Physiology.
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Transcript of Milady’s Standard Cosmetology Cosmetology: Anatomy and Physiology.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
“Remember, you can earn more money, but when time is spent, it is gone forever.”
Zig Ziglar
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Objectives• Explain the importance of anatomy and
physiology to the cosmetology profession.• Describe cells, their structure, and their
reproduction.• Define tissue and identify the types of
tissues found in the body.• Name the 10 main body systems and
explain their basic functions.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Anatomy
Defined: The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what it is made of;
the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Physiology
Defined: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s
structures.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Histology
Defined: The study of the science of the minute structures of organic
tissues; microscopic anatomy.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Cells• Composition• Nucleus• Cytoplasm• Centrosome• Cell membrane
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Cell reproduction and division– Adequate food supply– Adequate oxygen supply– Adequate water supply– Waste elimination– Proper temperature
• Cell metabolism– Anabolism– Catabolism
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Tissues• Connective tissue• Epithelial tissue• Liquid tissue• Muscular tissue• Nerve tissue
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Organs• Brain• Eyes• Heart• Kidneys• Lungs• Liver• Skin• Stomach/intestines
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Systems
• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Integumentary
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Skeletal System
• Bone composition• Osteology• Primary function• Joints• Parts of skull
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Bones of arm and hand
• Bones of leg and foot
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscular System
Myology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. Human body has over 600 muscles
responsible for 40% of body’s weight; fibrous tissues with the ability to
stretch and contract.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscular Tissue• Striated muscles • Nonstriated muscles • Cardiac muscles
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Stimulation of Muscles
• Massage• Electric current• Light rays• Heat rays• Moist heat• Nerve impulses• Chemicals
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Scalp Muscles• Epicranius or occipito-frontalis
– Occipitalis– Frontalis– Aponeurosis
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Ear
• Auricularis superior
• Auricularis anterior
• Auricularis posterior
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Neck Muscles• Platysma
• Sternocleidomastoideus
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Eyebrow Muscles
• Orbicularis oculi
• Corrugator
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Nose• Procerus
• Other nasal muscles
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Mouth
• Buccinator• Depressor labii inferious• Levator anguli oris• Levator labii sperioris• Mentalis
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Orbicularis oris
• Risorius
• Triangularis
• Zygomaticus major and minor
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscles – Arms to Body
• Latissimus dorsi• Pectoralis major and minor• Serratus anterior • Trapezius
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Shoulder and Arm Muscles
• Deltoid• Biceps• Triceps• Pronator• Supinator• Flexors• Extensors
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot
• Extensor digitorum longus• Tibialis anterior• Peroneus longus• Peroneus Brevis• Gastrocnemius• Soleus
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Nervous System
Neurology defined: The scientific study of the structure, function, and
pathology of the nervous system.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Divisions of the Nervous System
• Cerebrospinal system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
The Brain and Spinal Cord
• Brain is largest mass of body tissue.• Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces.• Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in
the brain.• Spinal cord originates in brain.• Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend
from the spinal cord.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Nerve Cell Structure and
Function• Neuron or nerve Cell• Dendrites• Axon and axon terminal• Nerves
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck
• 5th cranial, trifacial, trigeminal• 7th cranial• Cervical
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Nerves of Arm and Hand• Nerves of the arm and lower hand
• Nerves of the lower leg
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Circulatory System• Blood-vascular system
• Lymph-vascular system
• Heart– Pericardium– Resting Heart Rate
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Heart Chambers and Valves
• Right and left atrium
• Right and left ventricle
• Valves
• Atria
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Blood Circulation• Pulmonary circulation
• Systemic or general circulation
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
The Blood
• Sticky, salty fluid• Temperature of 98.6 degrees F• 1/20th of body weight• 8 – 10 pints in adults• Bright red in arteries• Dark red in veins (except pulmonary)
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Blood Composition• Red corpuscles
• White corpuscles
• Blood platelets
• Plasma
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Blood Functions• Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions to
cells
• Carries away carbon dioxide and waste
• Helps equalize body temperature
• Clotting
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Lymph-Vascular Functions
• Nourishment
• Defense
• Remove waste
• Fluid environment
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Arteries of Head, Face, Neck• Common carotid• Internal division• External division
– Superficial temporal artery– Occipital artery– Posterior auricular artery
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Facial Artery• Submental artery
• Inferior labial artery
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Superficial Temporal Artery• Frontal artery
• Parietal artery
• Transverse facial artery
• Middle temporal artery
• Anterior auricular artery
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
External/InternalCarotid Artery Branches
• Occipital artery
• Posterior auricular artery
• Supraorbital artery
• Infraorbital artery
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Veins of Head, Face, and Neck• Internal jugular
• External jugular
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Blood Supply for Arm and Hand
• Ulnar arteries
• Radial arteries
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Blood Supply for Foot and Leg• Popliteal artery
• Anterior tibial
• Dorsalis pedis
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Endocrine System• Exocrine or duct glands
• Endocrine or ductless glands
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Digestive System• Digestion
• Digestive enzymes
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Excretory System• Kidneys• Liver• Skin• Large intestine• Lungs
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Integumentary System
• The skin• Various accessory organs
– Oil glands– Sweat glands– Sensory receptors– Hair– Nails
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review• Define anatomy, physiology, and
histology.• Why is the study of anatomy, physiology,
and histology important to the cosmetologist?
• Name and describe the basic structure of a cell.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Explain cell metabolism and its purpose.• List and describe the functions of the five
types of tissue found in the human body.• What are organs?• List and describe the functions of the
main organs found in the body.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Name the 10 body systems and their main functions.
• List the primary functions of bones.• Name and describe the three types of
muscular tissue found in the body.• Name and describe the three types of
nerves found in the body.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Name and briefly describe the three types of blood vessels found in the body.
• List and describe the components of blood.
• Name and discuss the two types of glands found in the human body.
• List the organs of the excretory system and their function.