Mike Davis Associate Laboratory Director Energy Science & Technology
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Transcript of Mike Davis Associate Laboratory Director Energy Science & Technology
Converting Domestic Hydrocarbons Converting Domestic Hydrocarbons into Transportation Fuels: into Transportation Fuels:
Opportunities Abound Opportunities Abound
Pasco-Kennewick RotaryPasco-Kennewick Rotary
Converting Domestic Hydrocarbons Converting Domestic Hydrocarbons into Transportation Fuels: into Transportation Fuels:
Opportunities Abound Opportunities Abound
Pasco-Kennewick RotaryPasco-Kennewick Rotary
Mike DavisAssociate Laboratory DirectorEnergy Science & Technology
Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryMay 24, 2006
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Our time togetherOur time togetherOur time togetherOur time together
A little bit about PNNLThe need to reduce the nation’s dependence on imported oil Two opportunities: Coal to liquid transportation fuels Biobased products and fuels
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DOE Multi-program DOE Multi-program National LaboratoriesNational LaboratoriesDOE Multi-program DOE Multi-program
National LaboratoriesNational Laboratories
Lawrence Livermore
Pacific Northwest
IdahoLawrence Berkeley
Argonne
Sandia
Los Alamos
Oak Ridge
Brookhaven
Office of ScienceNational Nuclear Security AdministrationOffice of Nuclear Energy, Science & Technology
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PNNL performs research for PNNL performs research for the Department for Energy, the Department for Energy, other agencies, and industryother agencies, and industry
PNNL performs research for PNNL performs research for the Department for Energy, the Department for Energy, other agencies, and industryother agencies, and industry
Business Volume ($M)
FY05 FY06 Est. Dept. of Energy 423 488 DHS 133 113 Other Agencies 93 109 Battelle Private 77 90 Total 726 800
Business Volume ($M)
FY05 FY06 Est. Dept. of Energy 423 488 DHS 133 113 Other Agencies 93 109 Battelle Private 77 90 Total 726 800
National Security
Science
Environ-ment
Private11%Other
Agencies 13%
Homeland Security
18%
Energy
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Energy Sector BusinessEnergy Sector Business$81 million in FY05$81 million in FY05
Energy Sector BusinessEnergy Sector Business$81 million in FY05$81 million in FY05
Pursuing conversion of coal/hydrocarbons to boost
clean supply of electricity, gas and liquid fuels
Ensuring the efficiency, reliability and security of the
nation’s power grid
Addressing hydrogen storage and hydrogen safety
Science-based solutions for: • Reducing dependence on
foreign oil• Minimizing the energy
system’s effect on the environment
• Improving energy efficiency, security and reliability
Increasing efficiency and reducing emissions in vehicles
Developing low-cost, high-efficiency solid oxide
fuel cells
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PlanningGuidance
FY07–FY11
Energy policy can be distilledEnergy policy can be distilledinto four broad goals into four broad goals
Energy policy can be distilledEnergy policy can be distilledinto four broad goals into four broad goals
Diversify our energy mix and reduce dependence on foreign petroleum, thereby reducing vulnerability to disruption and increasing the flexibility of the marketto meet U.S. needsReduce greenhouse gas emissionsand other environmental impacts(water use, land use, criteria pollutants) from our energy production and useCreate a more flexible, more reliableand higher capacity U.S. energy infrastructure, thereby improving energy services throughout the economy, enabling use of diverse sources, and improving robustness against disruptionImprove the energy productivity(or energy efficiency) of the U.S. economy
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Oil production in the lower 48 states peaked ~ 1970 at 9.6 million barrels/day
Natural gas production in the lower 48 states may be peaking now
Global oil production is expected to peak early this century; predictions range from 2010 to 2025
Hydrocarbons provide 85% of the world’s energy
Demand for hydrocarbons will continue to increase to support economic growth
Oil market economics are not driven by the strategic interests of our nation
A snapshot of today’s realityA snapshot of today’s realityA snapshot of today’s realityA snapshot of today’s reality
If we do not aggressively pursue domestic solutions now for both expanded conversion capacity and carbon management, we risk substantial and increasing economic and environmental damage.
If we do not aggressively pursue domestic solutions now for both expanded conversion capacity and carbon management, we risk substantial and increasing economic and environmental damage.
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U.S. consumes 20.5 million U.S. consumes 20.5 million barrels of petroleum per daybarrels of petroleum per dayU.S. consumes 20.5 million U.S. consumes 20.5 million barrels of petroleum per daybarrels of petroleum per day
Resource End UseIn 2003, total U.S. demand for petroleum was 20.044 million barrels per day, 56% of which was from net imports. By 2020, import reliance is expected to increase to 65% (source: EIA)
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PNNL’s Energy Conversion InitiativePNNL’s Energy Conversion InitiativeConvert domestic coal into liquid transportation fuelsConvert domestic coal into liquid transportation fuels
PNNL’s Energy Conversion InitiativePNNL’s Energy Conversion InitiativeConvert domestic coal into liquid transportation fuelsConvert domestic coal into liquid transportation fuels
Enable domestic hydrocarbon resources to be used in an environmentally acceptable and economically competitive way within the existing energy infrastructure
Address nation’s and world’s growing energy demand by utilizing a broad base of hydrocarbons
Develop business case to support necessary privateinvestment in plant capacity
Define value proposition for private financing Identify potential partners/collaborators/investors
Goal: Develop energy conversion and carbon capture and sequestration process capabilities that can be deployed at plants with a production capacity of 100k barrels/day.
Goal: Develop energy conversion and carbon capture and sequestration process capabilities that can be deployed at plants with a production capacity of 100k barrels/day.
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Globally, there’s no shortage of hydrocarbons, only a shortage of high-quality hydrocarbons
Near-term solution:Near-term solution:Gasification and Carbon CaptureGasification and Carbon Capture
Near-term solution:Near-term solution:Gasification and Carbon CaptureGasification and Carbon Capture
Conversion via gasification enables Near-term solution, scalable and applicable for all hydrocarbons,
to address economic and environmental needs Expanded use of domestic hydrocarbons Carbon capture sufficient to lower emissions output to that
of natural gas and, over time, to zero (the goal of FutureGen)
Conversion via gasification produces economic efficiencies Same “front end” approach for electricity generation
and transportation fuels production Transportation fuels could use existing infrastructure
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Biomass: Another opportunityBiomass: Another opportunityBiomass: Another opportunityBiomass: Another opportunity
Potentially could produce 130 billion gallons of liquid transportation fuels* Significant new technology developments needed to maximize productionSame resource could supply virtually all raw materials for the chemical industry
Oil-based crops could produce enough biodiesel to supply 2-5% of our current diesel consumption, but alternative crops and agricultural practices are required
DOE study identified 1.3 billion tons of dry biomass available in U.S. annually
*U.S. consumes 150 billion gallons of gasoline annually, plus another ~55 billion gallons of diesel)
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Economic driversEconomic driversEconomic driversEconomic drivers
Liquid transportation fuels derived from biomass must compete economically with petroleum to ensure a viable industrySignificant improvement in conversion technologies needed to reduce production costs of transportation fuels and chemicals from biomassCurrent petroleum refinery produces about 90% fuel and 10% chemicalsTo be economically competitive, biorefineries must consider converting biomass to liquid transportation fuels as well as chemicals and materials
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Biomass—a state resourceBiomass—a state resourceBiomass—a state resourceBiomass—a state resourceNorthwest has diverse biomass resource base Crops, crop residues, trees, and
pulp and paper processing residues
Mostly harder-to-process woody waste (lignocellulosic) vs. Midwest starches and oil. While harder to process, some are residues requiring collection and disposal
Maximizing utilization requires understanding total resource base available and infrastructure
Washington state has 17 million tons of biomass residue, which potentially equates to 1.5 billion gallons of ethanol. The technology to make the conversion is there. The challenge is making it economically viable.
Washington state has 17 million tons of biomass residue, which potentially equates to 1.5 billion gallons of ethanol. The technology to make the conversion is there. The challenge is making it economically viable.
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Bioproducts, Sciences, and Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering LaboratoryEngineering Laboratory
Jointly developing research agenda with WSUJointly developing research agenda with WSU
Bioproducts, Sciences, and Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering LaboratoryEngineering Laboratory
Jointly developing research agenda with WSUJointly developing research agenda with WSU
Maximize use of Washington’s existing crops Converting Washington’s diverse biomass residues to bioproducts
and biofuels and determining how to maximize economic benefit
Optimize feedstocks Bringing together WSU plant capabilities and PNNL bioproducts
capabilities to create better crops specifically for bioproducts and biofuels feedstocks
Explore biobased engineered materials Exploring value-added materials, not just chemicals, that can be
made from biomass
Provide relevant analysis Addressing technological and economical questions to enable the
development of a strategic bioenergy roadmap for Washington
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A “science to solutions” approachA “science to solutions” approachA “science to solutions” approachA “science to solutions” approach
PNNL performs research and development to address critical energy challenges for the nation and globally. In addition to what you heard today: Fuel cells Nuclear energy Building technologies, including next-generation lighting Lightweight materials and emissions reduction
technologies for vehicles Carbon sequestration
An honor to share our work with you