Demand response and buildings as active elements in energy networks

Miimu Airaksinen, VTT

1

Cities are important• Urbanization is on of the big megatrends (93%

of the urbanisation in developing countries)

• 78% of European citizens are living in cities(54% globally)

• 85% of GDB in Europe (70% globally) is created in cities

• 90% of all innovations are cone in cities

• At the same time over 70% of all CO2

emissions are originated from cities

• In order to avoid negative effects cities need to transform themselves into 'smart sustainable cities'

A city has many systems and sub systems which are interlinked and interconnected

• Both system design and operation are in system level, with multi objective optimization

• Since many systems are connected the decision making and leadership processes need to change. In addition the business models are in transition (many stakeholders, new eco-systems)

Population

District

Attractiveness

Available services

and jobs

Available dwellings

- -

Buildings

construction

++

Demolition

Buildings age

-

+

+

Births Deaths

+

+

+

-

+

+-

Travelled distance-

-+

- +/-

-

Congestion

+

-

-

-

Roads

construction

+

-- +

Energy use

Material useEnvironmental

impactsCityPlan

Weight factors

Material recovery

strategies

Local energy

production

Public transport

policies

Energy

• Over 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity (IEA, 2012 in WWDR 2014, pg. 13).

• Globally the energy consumption has increased 31 % in last 13 years (from 2010-2013) (IEA 2015). Household energy consumption has increased 18 % (IEA 2013). The share of household energy consumption varies between regions; in OECD and Asia housing represents 20-30 % of the total energy consumption whereas in Africa the share of household energy consumption is 56 %, Middle East 17 % and in Latin America 15 % (IEA 2013

• In all regions the absolute energy consumption of households has increased, the increase is very modest in OECD and Middle East countries).

• The major share of the global energy production is generated from fossil sources

Source: WWAP 2014

Our energy system is chaging

Energy efficiency is resource efficiency

• Buildings consume a high share of energy use in Finland.

• The life time of buildings is long, buildings built today will stull stay there after 50-200 years

• Building energy efficiency reduces also the peak power demand

• Energy efficient renovation is important

• The importance of electricity is increasing

• Buildings can play active role in demand side management

Lähde: Airaksinen, Vuolle 2012

Also our demand side is changing:Space heating demand in decreasing much more compared to peak power demand =>to decrease peak, smart demand side systems are needed

Future energy networks

• Central and decentralized energy production

• Integration of local and global solutions

• Buildings and mobility system are active part of energy network

• Energy network management

• Energy storages and smart energy networks

• Changing value chains European Technology Platform Smartgrid 2006

Energiatehokkuus on resilienssiä

• Suomessa rakennukset kuluttavat energianloppukäytöstä noin 40% ja liikenne alle 20%.

• Energiatehokkuus, tarpeenmukaisuus ja kysynnänjousto ovat tulevaisuuden kannalta tärkeitä

• Energiatehokkuus on resilienssiä, haavoittuvuus on pienempi ja toipuminen muutoksista nopeampaa

• Tulevaisuudessa rakennukset ja liikenne on entistä aktiivisempi osa energiaverkkoa.

11

Missmatch tuntitaso

Nollaenergiapientalon tuntitason käyttäytyminen. Kokonaiskulutus

8400 kWh/a (laitteet+lämmitys). PV 60 m2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1 825 1649 2473 3297 4121 4945 5769 6593 7417 8241

Vuoden tunnit

Sä

hk

öte

ho

(W

)

Verkosta/akuista (W)

Verkkoon/akkuihin

Kokonaiskulutus (laitteet + lämmitys) 8400 kWh/m2. 10 kW PV (60 m2)

Pow

er,

W

Syöttö verkkoon/akkuihin

Otto verkosta/akuista

District energy optimisationEnergy efficiency is resiliency

Tehohuiput vs. mitoitusteho

Total costs of energy system alternatives (30 years)- in 3A and 3B there is a district heating system as complimentary system. - price range is + 20 % (dark part of columns).

Huom, ei sisällä järjestelmän operaattorin kustannuksia, oletetaan että taloyhtiö on operaattori

Adaptiiviset ja itseoppivat alueet ja rakennukset

DSS CorePerformance data and gap

analyser

Interoperable data services

Predictive, proactive and

optimising services

Optimal performance

services

Performance

New service business Building cockpit

Modelling

• Ennustavilla ja adaptiivisilla järjestelmillä on eri tutkimuksissa saavutettu 10-30% energiansäätöjä ilman että sisäolosuhteiden laatu kärsii

Energy brokering tool

Moving from Internet of Things

to Things of Meaning

Copyright@VTT

Services Services

Physical infrastructure

ICT system

Current city systems

ServicesServices

VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE

VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE

VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE

ENABLING PLATFORM

VIRTUAL TWINVTT City Twin

NEWSERVICES

NEWSERVICES

NEWSERVICES

New integrated cross domain services

CITIZEN INDUSTRY MUNICIPALITIES

Virtual Twin enables

real time forecasting

and self-learning systems

Physical infrastructure

ICT system

Physical infrastructure

ICT system

Physical infrastructure

ICT system

www.smartenergytransition.fiwww.smartenergytransition.fi

Thank You!