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Migration, Tourism and Micro-Banking: Branding Identity of Self Help Groups

Prof. Frank Go, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, the Netherlands

Odyssey Group workshop, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, 23rd -27th August 2004

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Agenda

• Global scenarios to 2020

• Migration & Diaspora

• Brand Identity & New Media

• Concluding Remarks

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Global Scenarios to 2020

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1995: Global Scenarios to 2020

• In 1995, the forces of globalisation, liberalisation, and technology were irresistible – ‘TINA’ (There Is No Alternative).

• From “Will the world embrace or resist TINA?” to “What form of embrace will be most successful?”

• Two scenarios:

1. “Just Do It!” - US-style capitalism.

2. “Da Wo -‘Big Me” - Communitarian approach

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2001: Global Scenarios to 2020

• People and Connections – add social dimension to the economic and the political. “Which people and connections will be most powerful and influential in shaping the future?”

• Two Scenarios:1.“Business Class” - A globally interconnected

meritocracy based on individual freedom and the American way.

2.“Prism” - many networks reflecting the persisting power of culture and history.

1.  

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Scenarios By SPRU

Source: SPRU, University of Sussex

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Migration and Diaspora

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Migration and Diaspora

• Empire :”push” and “pull” of Supply Chains and• Impact on migrant labour • Rise of distributed work –migration of

knowledge work to the East

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SALGADO’S “MIGRATIONS”

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MIGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE WORK TO CHINA AND INDIA

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Temporary Migration: Tourism

The World of TUI

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Greatest Challenge & Opportunity

“The dominant factor for business in the next two decades –absent of war, pestilence, or collision with a

comet- is not going to be economics or technology. It will be

demographics.”

- Peter Drucker

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Baby Bust in Northern- and Baby Boom in Southern Hemisphere

The complementary patterns in demographic quantity and quality of both developed and developing worlds could help address quite different issues in an unconventional way.

Through the integration of trade, people, ideas and finance in the global marketplace.

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Sense of Poly-inclusion

“Faster Forms of Transportation Enable Physical Reconnection Advances in modes of communication may be seen as ‘re- communifying’ those previously divided by migration”Source: Odyssey Group

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Brand Identity

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National Identity as a Brand (1)

What image(s) do you Associate with Japan?

Sony, Nintendo, Pokemon,Canon

source: Anholt 2002

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National Identity as a Brand (2)

What image(s) do you associate with USA?

Coke, Hollywood, Disney, Pepsi,Nike, Marlboro

source: Anholt 2002

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Brands as Vector of National Image

As brands become dominant Communication channel it becomes ever more vital to push the other channels by:

1. encouraging first hand experience of country through e.g. tourism

2. representations of national culture through events

source: Anholt 2002

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Identity

• From “narrative of the nation” towards the idea of “multiple identities”.

• New media: a means to connect identities. and bridge isolation. through images & web presence

supported by socialization process to bridge crisis of trust.

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Impact New Media on Economic and Social Dynamics

Information

Space Social Space

Material Space

Mind Space

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The Social Life of Information

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The Social Life of Information

John Seely Brown

former Chief Scientist

of Xerox and co-author

of The Social Life of

Information

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Problems & Solutions

(Kandalama Resort, Sri Lanka – flanked by 2 World Heritage Sites)

• Current planning practice based on agendas of outsiders. • Local communities lack expertise and organizational skills to

create overarching structure. Build skills within local communities (Reid, 2003).

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Actors in Economic Development

SMEs

Visitors

NGOs

Governmental institutions

Localresidents

Rural area

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Role of Self Help GroupsData: Girish Ramachandran & Rupa Girish

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No of participants 2002-03 Cumulative as on 31.03.2003

Bankers 31,256 82,060

NGOs 3,748 14,005

Government officials 5,216 19,237

SHG members 140,044 270,763

Others 19,422 33,750

Total 199,686 419,815

Capacity Building of Supported Self Help Groups

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Towards Empowerment of Women As at… Mar 93 Mar 96 Mar 02 Mar 03

• SHGs credit linked 255 4.757 461.478 717.360• % women’s groups 70 74 90 90• Families 5,100 80,000 8 mil 11.6 mil• Banks 14 95 444 504• Bank Branches 31,000• SHPI Partners 32 127 2,100 2,800

• Aggregate bank loans to SHGs : > $ 400 mil• Estimated savings of SHGs : > $ 130 mil• Average bank loan per SHG : $ 625

Mission 2007:1.25 million SHGs or 20 million families or 100 million poor people

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BANKBANKSHG

MEMBERS

SHG BANK LINKAGE MODEL

FORMING AND NURTURING

CREDIT LINKED TO SAVINGS

SAVINGS

(Ramachandran & Girish, 2002)

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Stakeholder model

SHG

Bank

NGO

Tourist

SMEs

Government

finance

Education& training

Product Development

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Global Collaboration Model

Beyond Brand Communities

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Empowering Community

• Skills Development of host community – Universities in collaboration with NGOs, UN,

WTO, EU & local government

• Financial support system

-Virtual Project Management Teams

• Trust Building in Host-Guest Relationship– Socialization Through Special Events

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Community skills

Vision of social Inclusion for integrated economic development

Beyond Branding – Cultural Identity

Respecting cultural diversity – creative collaboration

Functional coordination; monitoring and sharing of results

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Concluding Remarks

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Sustainable Economic Development

Host communities reinvent the proverbial wheel – unable to dealing properly with fast paced and complex global

forces

Staging Events – workshops - for trust building and sense of social inclusion and

Virtual project teams urgently needed to ensure sustainable economic future

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Challenge

“The world has become a more crowded, more interconnected, more volatile and more unstable place. If education cannot help students see beyond themselves and better understand the interdependent nature of our world, then each new generation will remain ignorant, and its capacity to live competently and responsibly will be dangerously diminished.”

The Carney Report on Higher Education, 1991

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In the Trail of Erasmus

“ITTOE”

Host Communities

MNEs

AIESECStudents

Scientists

NGOs

SMEs

Governmental Institutions

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anagement Prof. dr. Frank Go, RSM, Erasmus University

Centre for Tourism Management email F.Go@fbk.eur.nl