Migration

T Parson – Allerton Grange

Aims and objectives

• To understand the term migration.• To be able to describe the different types of

migration.• Recognise the ‘push and pull’ factors that

encourage people to move.• To be able to apply these to a case study area.

What is migration ?

The movement of persons from one country or locality to another.

However !!

This migration definition can be more specific • Permanent migration• Semi-permanent migration• Seasonal migration• Daily migration

Migration can also be either voluntary or forced

Task 1• You are about to see a series of definitions which you

must match to the terms I have given you.

These are :

1. International migration2. Forced migration3. Seasonal regional migration4. Voluntary migration5. Permanent migration6. Daily migration

• Think carefully about the individual words and what they mean, this will help you.

Meanings

• Anna decides to leave her home town for good and move to a new area.

• Mr Smith moves from Taiwan to Cyprus.• Rana and her family have to leave Iraq because

of the war.• Jane is happy in Leeds but decides to move to

Cambridge for a new job and better standard of living.

• Peter travels from Guilford to London each day to go to work.

• Ian moves to Limassol every summer to work in the tourist area.

How didyou do?

1. International migrationMr Smith moves from Taiwan to Cyprus

2. Forced migrationRana and her family have to leave Iraq because of the war

3. Seasonal regional migrationIan moves to Limassol every summer from Pafos to work

inthe tourist area.

4. Voluntary migrationJane is happy in Leeds but decides to move to Cambridgefor a new job and better standard of living.

5. Permanent migrationAnna decides to leave her home town for good and move

toa new area.

6. Daily migrationPeter travels from Guilford to London each day to go towork.

?

Why do people move ?

People move for a variety of different reasons but they can beclassified into two different groups :

Push factors

Encourage people to leave there home area

Why do people move ?

Pull factors

Attract people into an area

‘Push and pull’ factor :task 2

On your own or in pairs try to list as many push and pull

factors as you can, remember :

Push factors encourage people to leave there home area

Pull factors attract people to an area

Set your work out in a table like the one belowPush factors Pull factors

e.g. Famine e.g. Jobs

How did you do ?Push factors Pull factors

e.g. Famine

•War•Drought / flood•Lack of jobs•Overpopulation•Few facilities•Few schools•Political persecution•Overpopulation

e.g. Jobs

•Better houses•More schools•Better entertainment•Health care•Better standard of living•Better climate•Cleaner/safe environment

Case study : Cairo, Egypt

Cairo, like other LEDC’s, is experiencing large scale rural to urban migration, people are moving to the city for an improved standard of living.

Read the paragraph below about a family living in Egypt.

Ramzy, his wife and three children used to live in the Libyan desert, the conditions areharsh. With temperatures reaching 55 degrees centigrade and rainfall being scarce.Farming is Ramzys only possible employment but there is not enough water andirrigation is impossible. Money is hard to come by as there are few jobs. The onlyrelatively clean water comes from a well. Ramzy and his wife often become sick,they have also lost one child through disease from drinking the water.

Ramzy had to move to the city of Cairo, his other children were becoming ill and he hadno money. Cairo is further North and therefore the climate is more bearable. There aremany more opportunities for employment in factories and other sectors of industry.Because of the Nile River the land is more fertile and the land can be irrigated. Thereare schools so Ramzy’s children have a better chance of becoming educated and earninghigher salaries. When Ramzy’s children get sick there is a doctor just around the corner.Ramzy and his family now live in a small house and enjoy a better standard of living.

Life in Egypt.

Cairo : Rural – urban migration in a LEDC.

Cairo is a city of contrast and home to more than 18 million people. Chaotic, noisy, polluted, yet full of culture and history, you’ll either love or hate it.

The high population density and lack of room to move throws up differences: mud-brick houses and towering modern office buildings, flashy cars and donkey-drawn carts.

The people of Egypt have to deal with harsh conditions and sometimes have no alternative than to move from the rural (countryside) areas to the urban (city) areas.

Area: 214 sq kmPopulation: 18.5 million

Task 3Read the paragraph again and try to labelthe type of migration. Also pick out thepush and pull factors that have affectedRamzy and his family.

Life in Egypt.Cairo, like other LEDC’s, is experiencing large scale rural to urban

migration, people are moving to the city for an improved standard of living.

Read the paragraph below about a family living in Egypt.

Ramzy, his wife and three children used to live in the Libyan desert, the conditions are

Harsh, the temperature could reach 55 degrees and there is hardly any rain.Farming is Ramzys only possible employment but there is not enough water andirrigation is impossible. Money is hard to come by as there are few jobs. The onlyrelatively clean water comes from a well. Ramzy and his wife often become sick,they have also lost one child through disease from drinking the water.

Ramzy had to move to the city of Cairo, his other children were becoming ill and he had

no money. Cairo is further North and therefore the climate is more bearable. There are

many more opportunities for employment in factories and other sectors of industry.

Because of the Nile River the land is more fertile and the land can be irrigated. There

are schools so Ramzy’s children have a better chance of becoming educated and earning

higher salaries. When Ramzy’s children get sick there is a doctor just around the corner.

Ramzy and his family now live in a small house and enjoy a better standard of living.

How didyou do?

This is an example of forced / voluntary rural –urban migration.

Push factors

•Desert

•Poor soils

•Little rain

•Disease

•Little health care

•No education

•No employment

Pull factors

•Water for irrigation

•Clean drinking water

•Jobs

•Climate

•Fertile soils

•Better standard of living

•Schools

?

With so many people wanting to improve their standard ofliving cities, especially in LEDC’s, are growing rapidly(urbanisation). The cities cannot cope with the massmigration from the rural areas. This is a major problem !!

Over 40% of Egypt's population now live in Cairo, the population densityin many areas is above 100, 000 per km2. There is nowhere lift to buildother than the rooftops and over 4 million live in the City of the Dead(ancient cemeteries).

However there areproblems.

Cairo's problems

Problems

As cities grow there are many problems. In Cairo they include:

•Traffic congestion – 1.5 million cars lead to air pollution. The older parts cannot accommodate cars, taxis and lorries.

•Rubbish is collected by carts and sorted on the edge of the city.

•Lack of housing as more people arrive from the countryside.

•Sewage in the street as the sewerage system breaks down.

•Water supplies do not reach all parts of the city and the pipe work is old and breaks down.

•Electricity not available throughout the city.

Images of

Cairo’sproblem

s

However there are solutions to Cairo's

problemsSolutions

•Help with irrigation projects in the countryside to help produce more crops. This will help provide jobs and encourage people to stay in the countryside.

•Land reform where people are able to own their own land rather than work for a landlord.

•Provide people with low cost housing on the edge of Cairo .

•New towns have been built around Cairo . These are often called satellite towns such as 10th of Ramadan. They contain up to 1 million people and provide work and housing. Built in desert areas they encourage people to move away from Cairo . However, the poor migrants cannot afford the housing. Furthermore some people commute to Cairo every day so problems are not eased in the capital.

Task 4 : Problems and solutions to Cairo's rapid urbanisation

list as many problems as you can think of that would occur in Cairo as a result of migration.

Once you have done this try to think of possible solutions to the problems you have described.

Summary

• Migration is simply defined as being - The movement of persons from one country or locality to another. However definitions can be more specific (seasonal, daily for example).

• Push factors encourage people to leave there home area (war, drought for example).

• Pull factors attract people to an area (jobs, education for example).

• Egypt is experiencing rapid rural-urban migration like other LEDCs, therefore these cities are urbanising too rapidly and this is causing problems.

Other images of Egypt

The Nile

The desert environment

The Pyramids

The Sphinx

http://www.flickr.com/photos/onthefly/172928137/ - picture slide 1http://www.flickr.com/photos/peggycollins/2597798134/ - picture slide 7http://www.flickr.com/photos/amsterdamned/1011990343/ - picture slide 2-22http://www.flickr.com/photos/v1v14n415c4/2680586592/ - picture slide 8http://www.flickr.com/photos/ooyooy/9819203/ - map slide 11http://www.flickr.com/photos/twose/472802055/ - picture slide 14http://www.flickr.com/photos/petergutierrez/364628408/ - picture slide 17http://www.flickr.com/photos/korayem/2451906200/ - picture slide 19http://www.flickr.com/photos/perfex/1138278533/ - picture slide 19http://www.flickr.com/photos/haberlah/39522043/ - picture slide 19http://www.flickr.com/photos/photo_art_by_barry/2300047687/ - picture slide23http://www.flickr.com/photos/quimgranell/2633793842/ - picture slide 23http://www.flickr.com/photos/marceloruiz/2110199075/ - picture slide 23http://www.flickr.com/photos/andzer/1480068258/ - picture slide 23