Migration of humpback whales between the Caribbean and Iceland
2
OLR (1984)31(12) E. Biological Oceanography 887 The null hypothesis that phytoplankton species cannot stratify within the oceanic isothermal layer was examined. Analysis of phytoplankton abun- dance within a 140-m isothermal layer gave no evidence of vertical stratification. Abundances of many species were strongly nonrandom; there was no consistency of vertical pattern from one station to the next. The situation is better described in terms of vertical patches than of strata. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. El00. Nekton (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals) 84:6205 Bacolod, P.T., 1983. Reproductive biology of two sea snakes of the genus Laffcanda from central Philippines. Philipp. Scient., 20:39-56. Mar. Res. Office, Univ. of San Carlos, Cebu City, Phil- ippines. 84:6206 Baker, J.R., 1984. Mortality and morbidity in grey seal pups (HMichoems grypus). Studies on its causes, effects of environment, the nature and sources of infectious agents and the immuno- logical status of pups. J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 203(1):23-48. Pup mortality on inland breeding sites (Outer Hebrides) was primarily from starvation and infec- tion (Streptococcus and Corynebacterium spp.); on beach sites, washing off and starvation were the dominant causes. Overall mortality rates on all 3 islands studied were similar. Adult seals carried the pathogens responsible for infection and pups were 'found to be immunologically deficient.' Univ. of Liverpool, Dept. of Vet. Pathol., Leahurst, Neston, Wirral L64 7TE, UK. (ahm) 84:6207 Condit, Richard and B.J. Le Boeuf, 1984. Feeding habits and feeding grounds of the northern elephant seal. J. Mammal., 65(2):281-290. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064, USA. 84:6208 Doidge, D.W., J.P. Croxall and C. Ricketts, 1984. Growth rates of Antarctic fur seal ArctocephMus ga~//a pups at South Geor~a. J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc. Lond~ 203(1):87-93. British Antarctic Survey, Natl. Environ. Res. Council, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. 84:6209 Leatherwood, Stephen, R.R. Reeves, A.E. Bowles, B.S. Stewart and K.R. Goodrich, 1984. Distri- bution, seasonal movements, and abundance of Pacific white-sided dolphins in the eastern North Pacific. Scient. Repts Whales Res. Inst., 35:129- 157. Data available through 1979 show that NE Pacific Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (1) inhabit shelf and offshore waters from 20°N-61°N east of 180°; (2) occur in the mouth of the Gulf of California and in Washington State, British Columbian, and SE Alaskan inland marine waters; (3) 'appear to be continuously distributed across the temperate North Pacific'; and (4) have peak numbers in southern California's inshore waters November-April. Aerial surveys reveal 1300 herds (ave. 88 individuals), a peak frequency of 1.42 individuals/linear mile in the Southern California Bight, and larger herds existing north and south of 30°-55°N. Hubbs-Sea World Res. Inst., 1700 So. Shores Rd., San Diego, Calif. 92109, USA. (ihz) 84:6210 Lowry, L.F. and K.J. Frost, 1984. Foods and feeding of bowbead whales in western and northern Alaska. Scient. Repts Whales Res. Inst., 35:1-16. Analyses of the stomach contents of 20 bowheads revealed 56 prey species: 50 crustaceans, 3 fish and 3 molluscs. Although gammarids represented the most species (23), Thysanoessa raschii (euphausiid), Calanus hyperboreus (copepod), and Parathemisto libellula (hyperiid) occurred most frequently. Prey typically ranged 3-30 mm in length. Two feeding areas were identified: Barter Island to the U.S.- Canadian border, and Point Barrow to Pitt Point. Prey densities, seasonality of feeding, and Balaena mysticetus 'overall feeding strategy' are considered. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, 1300 College Rd., Fairbanks, Alaska 99701, USA. (ihz) 84:6211 Martin, A.R., S.K. Katona, D. Matilla, D. Hembree and T.D. Waters, 1984. Migration of humpback whales between the Caribbean and Iceland. J. Mammal., 65(2):330-333. Use of the unique pigmentation patterns found on the underside of tail flukes to identify individual whales indicates that the different groups of whales seen in the summer off Iceland, Greenland, New- foundland and Nova Scotia all use common win- tering grounds in the Caribbean, and thus may interbreed. Hunting of whales in the Caribbean may affect these mixed populations less than would hunting in one of the summering areas, where one
Transcript of Migration of humpback whales between the Caribbean and Iceland
OLR (1984)31 (12) E. Biological Oceanography 887
The null hypothesis that phytoplankton species cannot stratify within the oceanic isothermal layer was examined. Analysis of phytoplankton abun- dance within a 140-m isothermal layer gave no evidence of vertical stratification. Abundances of many species were strongly nonrandom; there was no consistency of vertical pattern from one station to the next. The situation is better described in terms of vertical patches than of strata. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA.
El00 . Nekton (communit ies; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)
84:6205 Bacolod, P.T., 1983. Reproductive biology of two sea
snakes of the genus Laffcanda from central Philippines. Philipp. Scient., 20:39-56. Mar. Res. Office, Univ. of San Carlos, Cebu City, Phil- ippines.
84:6206 Baker, J.R., 1984. Mortality and morbidity in grey
seal pups (HMichoems grypus). Studies on its causes, effects of environment, the nature and sources of infectious agents and the immuno- logical status of pups. J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 203(1):23-48.
Pup mortality on inland breeding sites (Outer Hebrides) was primarily from starvation and infec- tion (Streptococcus and Corynebacterium spp.); on beach sites, washing off and starvation were the dominant causes. Overall mortality rates on all 3 islands studied were similar. Adult seals carried the pathogens responsible for infection and pups were 'found to be immunologically deficient.' Univ. of Liverpool, Dept. of Vet. Pathol., Leahurst, Neston, Wirral L64 7TE, UK. (ahm)
84:6207 Condit, Richard and B.J. Le Boeuf, 1984. Feeding
habits and feeding grounds of the northern elephant seal. J. Mammal., 65(2):281-290. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064, USA.
84:6208 Doidge, D.W., J.P. Croxall and C. Ricketts, 1984.
Growth rates of Antarctic fur seal ArctocephMus ga~//a pups at South Geor~a. J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc. Lond~ 203(1):87-93. British Antarctic Survey, Natl. Environ. Res. Council, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
84:6209 Leatherwood, Stephen, R.R. Reeves, A.E. Bowles,
B.S. Stewart and K.R. Goodrich, 1984. Distri- bution, seasonal movements, and abundance of Pacific white-sided dolphins in the eastern North Pacific. Scient. Repts Whales Res. Inst., 35:129- 157.
Data available through 1979 show that NE Pacific Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (1) inhabit shelf and offshore waters from 20°N-61°N east of 180°; (2) occur in the mouth of the Gulf of California and in Washington State, British Columbian, and SE Alaskan inland marine waters; (3) 'appear to be continuously distributed across the temperate North Pacific'; and (4) have peak numbers in southern California's inshore waters November-April. Aerial surveys reveal 1300 herds (ave. 88 individuals), a peak frequency of 1.42 individuals/linear mile in the Southern California Bight, and larger herds existing north and south of 30°-55°N. Hubbs-Sea World Res. Inst., 1700 So. Shores Rd., San Diego, Calif. 92109, USA. (ihz)
84:6210 Lowry, L.F. and K.J. Frost, 1984. Foods and feeding
of bowbead whales in western and northern Alaska. Scient. Repts Whales Res. Inst., 35:1-16.
Analyses of the stomach contents of 20 bowheads revealed 56 prey species: 50 crustaceans, 3 fish and 3 molluscs. Although gammarids represented the most species (23), Thysanoessa raschii (euphausiid), Calanus hyperboreus (copepod), and Parathemisto libellula (hyperiid) occurred most frequently. Prey typically ranged 3-30 mm in length. Two feeding areas were identified: Barter Island to the U.S.- Canadian border, and Point Barrow to Pitt Point. Prey densities, seasonality of feeding, and Balaena mysticetus 'overall feeding strategy' are considered. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, 1300 College Rd., Fairbanks, Alaska 99701, USA. (ihz)
84:6211 Martin, A.R., S.K. Katona, D. Matilla, D. Hembree
and T.D. Waters, 1984. Migration of humpback whales between the Caribbean and Iceland. J. Mammal., 65(2):330-333.
Use of the unique pigmentation patterns found on the underside of tail flukes to identify individual whales indicates that the different groups of whales seen in the summer off Iceland, Greenland, New- foundland and Nova Scotia all use common win- tering grounds in the Caribbean, and thus may interbreed. Hunting of whales in the Caribbean may affect these mixed populations less than would hunting in one of the summering areas, where one
888 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1984) 31 (12)
separate population could be decimated. Nat. En- viron. Res. Council, c /o British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd., Cambridge, UK. (ahm)
84:6212 O'Riordan, C.E., J.M.C. Holmes and D.P. Sleeman,
1984. First recorded occurrence of the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata L.) in Irish waters. Ir. Nat. J., 21(6):274-275. Natl. Museum of Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
84:6213 Singarajah, K.V., 1984. Observations on the occur-
rence and hehaviour of minke whales off the coast of Brazil. Scient. Repts Whales Res. Inst., 35:17- 38.
Balaenoptera acutorostrata physiology, morphology and catch statistics 1963-82 are discussed as are the Brazilian whaling ground's topography and hy- drography. Prior to 1963, only 3 minke whales had been taken; since then, 12,494 have been taken. The 'population appears to remain at an exploitable level.' The minke's arrival off Brazil seems related to optimal water temperature, reduced turbulence, and appropriate day-length and surface currents. Dept. of Syst. and Ecol., CCEN, Federal Univ. of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58000, Brazil. (ihz)
Ell0. Bottom communities
84:6214 Ambrose, W.G. Jr., 1984. Role of predatory infauna
in structuring marine soft--bottom communities. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 17(2):109-115.
The use of cages to exclude epibenthic predators from muddy-sand and seagrass habitats resulted in an increase in predatory infauna. Possible mecha- nisms and interactions are discussed. Predatory and non-predatory infauna should be treated as separate entities in models of soft-bottom community struc- ture. Inst. of Mar. Biol. and Limnol., Univ. of Osto, Norway. (mjj)
84:6215 Harris, L.G., A.W. Ebeling, D.R. Laur and R.J.
Rowley, 1984. Community recovery niter storm damage: a case of facilitation in primary succes- sion. Science, 224(4655): 1336-1338.
After a California marine reef was denuded by a severe storm, 'early arriving, fast-growing algae' provided dense cover which sheltered young kelp from excessive grazing by fish. This may be the first example of 'refuge facilitation [occurring] in primary
succession after a major natural disturbance.' Dept. of Zool., Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. 03824, USA. (mjj)
84:6216 Kelly, J.R. and S.W. Nixon, 1984. Experimental
studies of the effect of organic deposition on the metabolism of a coastal marine bottom commu- nity. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 17(2):157-169.
Addition of particulate organic matter to the water column overlying intact sediment cores maintained in the laboratory resulted in large changes in rates of sediment 02 uptake and CO 2 and NH 4 release. Quantities of organic matter added and timing of the additions affected the variability of sediment-water exchanges. Extrapolation of results to sediments of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, indicates that '>80% of the annual C and N deposition may be remineralized.' Ecosystems Res. Center, 237 Corson Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. (mjj)
84:6217 Logan, A., F.H. Page and M.L.H. Thomas, 1984.
Depth zonation of epibenthos on sublittorai hard substrates off Deer Island, Bay of Fundy, Canada. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 18(5):571-592. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of New Brunswick, St. John, NB, Canada.
84:6218 Lubchenco, Jane et al., 1984. Structure, persistence,
and role of consumers in a tropical rocky intertidal community (TaboguiHa Island, Bay of Panama). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 78(1/2):23-73.
The physical environment and i~s seasonal changes are described; zonation, abundance and diversity of plants and animals are examined. The upper zone is barren, but mid- and low zones are dominated by encrusting algae (<92% cover). Foliose algae are rare (_<7% cover), as are sessile animals. Mobile consumers (limpets, gastropods, crabs, chitons, fish) are abundant and are an important factor in maintaining the low abundance of sessile inverte- brates and dominance of encrusting algae. Seasonal changes in community structure are small. Dept. of Zool., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg. 97331, USA. (mjj)
84:6219 Parulekar, A.H., Z.A. Ansari and S.N. Harkantra,
1983. Benthic fauna of the Antarctic Oceanm quantitative ~Oects. In: Scientific Report of First Indian Expedition to Antarctica. Technical Pub- lication No. 1; Department of Ocean Devel- opment, New Delhi, India; pp. 213-218.
