MIG MLAANZ Seminar Series Sydney The Innocent Stevedore (or how I came to better understand the...
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Transcript of MIG MLAANZ Seminar Series Sydney The Innocent Stevedore (or how I came to better understand the...
MIG MLAANZ Seminar Series
Sydney
The Innocent Stevedore(or how I came to better understand the Waterfront)
February 2007
Agenda
1. Introduction
Seminar objective Why the Innocent Stevedore?
2. Australian Stevedoring context The Transport Logistics Chain Principal locations Service providers Industry issues
3. Stevedoring risk management – key issues
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
5. Summary
6. Q&A Source: Patrick Terminals
1. Introduction – Seminar objective
Objectives To understand legal
claims in the context of Australian stevedoring industry
Opportunities to reduce claims involving the waterfront
1. Introduction – Why the Innocent Stevedore? Fact or fiction - does the Innocent Stevedore exist?
Stevedores’ place in transport/logistics chain exposes them to a variety of risks, many (not all) beyond their control.
Demands of transport/logistics chain require stevedores to invest heavily in Capital equipment Technology Facilities Trained labour Procedures
Customer demands drive stevedoring efficiency, costs and reliability
Stevedore’s requirement to balance these demands with safety and vessel/cargo care considerations
Stevedores may not be (quite) perfect, but above factors combine to require stevedores to invest heavily in risk management strategies to avoid WCI and vessel/cargo damage claims
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - the Transport/Logistics Chain
Source: Sydney Ports Handbook, March 1995
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
A. General Stevedoring Operators – Port coverage summary
Stevedore Ports
Toll Patrick
Cairns, Mackay, Gladstone, Port Alma, Brisbane, Sydney, Geelong, Melbourne, Adelaide, Albany, Esperance, Kwinana, Fremantle, Geraldton, Dampier, Darwin
P&O Ports
Brisbane, Newcastle, Sydney, Port Kembla, Melbourne, Geelong, Adelaide, SA Outports, Bunbury, Fremantle, Port Hedland, Darwin
Newcastle Stevedores Newcastle
Illawarra Stevedores Port Kembla
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
B. Terminal Operators – equipment overview
Stevedore/Port Brisbane Sydney Melbourne Adelaide FremantlePatrickPortainer cranes 7 8 6 N/A 4Straddles 17 33 35 N/A 0RTGs 0 0 0 N/A 0RMGs 0 5 0 N/A 0Forklifts 6 12 7 N/A 18
Dubai Ports WorldPortainer cranes 5 7 6 2 3Straddles 0 0 36 0 9RTGs 0 20 0 0 9RMGs 1 0 0 0 0Forklifts 23 0 0 0 8
Sources: VariousApprox estimated replacement value = AUD 715M
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
B. Terminal Operators – 2004/05 & 2006/06 5 Port Performance Indicator Summary
Indicator/Year 2004/05 2005/05
% Increase/Decrease
Ships handled 3,724 4,171 11%Total containers (units) 3,082,933 3,165,019 2.70%Crane rate 27.38 27.43 0.20%Vessel working rate 33.98 35.25 3.70%Crane time not worked (percent) 26.50% 22.80% -15.00%40' containers (percent) 40.50% 41.25% 1.85%Ship rate 46.1 45.58 -1.10%Throughput (per berth mtr) 108 111 2.70%Source: DOTARS Waterline Report Issue No.41 (12/2006)
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
B. Terminal Operators – the future outlook
Australia’s total containerised trade increased by 8% over the past 5 years is forecast to grow over next 20 years by 5.4% pa (from 5.2M TEUs to 14.9M TEUs in 2024/25 (286%)
Source: BTRA Working Paper 65 – ‘Container & Ship Movements through Australian Ports 2004/05 to 2024/25’: (08/2005)
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
B. Terminal Operators – the port interface
Source: SPC Handbook 2006
Transport/logistics chain efficiency driven by
player interfacesdistancelocationmode
The more interfaces, the more risk
Stevedores rely on performance of other players
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
Performance Reduce vessel turnaround time
berthing windows, minimise restows, increased equipment [cranes, straddles], improved technology (terminal management systems, automated yard equipment)
C. Industry issues
Reduce truck turnaround time Match R&D shifts to vessel working shifts Improved technology & processing (1Stop
VBS, PRAs) Improved terminal handling (efficient terminal
layouts, new equipment)
Maintain labour productivity Bonus vs OH&S/WCI Training, career opportunities
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
Competition Reduce costs/increased efficiency?
increased investment/labour, same throughput interface coordination (ships/terminal/trucks/train/cargo owners)
C. Industry issues
Source: Patrick Terminals
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
Future development Terminals
Reduced berthing windows/
larger vessels Improved stack density Improved road/rail interface Port land cost
C. Industry issues
Source: Patrick Terminals
Road/rail Increase rail capacity to 40% total
landside exchange Adequacy of track and road access Intermodal/inland terminal development Landbridging options – East/West,
Melbourne/Brisbane
2. The Australian Stevedoring Industry context - Australian stevedoring service providers
Port Security Terrorism legislation Vessel/Terminal/cargo security/access Increased regulation: surveillance/disclosure
C. Industry issues
3. Stevedoring risk management - key issues
Managing the waterfront player mix – operational services
Vessels, terminal, trucks, trains, cargo owners: operating rules
Berthing windows VBS Rail windows PRAs
Vessels: fit for purpose
Labour: productivity vs safety Cargo care: security, safety (hazardous
cargoes/DG’s) Data: vessel stow plans, manifests, cargo
documentation – accurate & timely provision Storage: minimising terminal congestion R&D: reasonable cargo cutoffs
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
Customer warranties
Is owner/authorised agent of vessel/container/goods?
Has customer accurately & fully described goods/containers & provided all necessary info/instructions re handling/care & control having regard to their nature?
Do goods/containers/vessel comply with all applicable laws & will customer provide stevedore with all assistance to enable compliance?
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
Customer warranties
Are goods packed to withstand ordinary risks of stevedoring?
Are customer vessel, containers, equipment in survey/fit & proper condition for stevedoring?
Has customer disclosed full description of any DGs or temperature controlled goods re stevedoring handling?
Will goods be removed within 3 days after discharge (unless otherwise agreed)?
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
Customer warranties
Will customer incorporate an effective Himalaya clause in the B/Ls, noting that stevedore will have benefit of the B/L provisions?
Will no other party make a claim against the stevedore other than the customer for stevedoring services?
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
Stevedore’s rights Entitled to deliver goods to bearer of
B/L
If stevedore believes goods are DGs or vessel/container/goods do not meet statutory requirements or are unsuitable for stevedoring, it may refuse to provide services or take appropriate measures to ensure compliance or safe to handle
Lien - stevedore can relocate or dispose of containers/goods not removed from wharf
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
Stevedores’ liability
Generally relates to stevedore’s negligent act/omissions
Excludes liability for inaccurate documentation
Generally excludes consequential losses
Subject to time bars (normally requires suit to commence 12 months from date of container/goods delivery or vessel arrival at facility or date of incident)
Force majeure
Broad definition Extends to include storm/wind damage
4. Legal considerations for stevedores Liability issues
Substandard vessel/container presentation Vessels: AMSA Marine Orders
Containers: when is a unit too old?
Reefer containers/cargoes Stevedores extensive reefer handling procedures
PRAs vessel manifests receivals monitoring
4. Legal considerations for stevedores
Liability issues
DGs/Hazardous Goods
non/mis-declaration – description, handling
inappropriate presentation, packaging or stowage
Inadequate container presentation
overloading poor packing insufficient cargo packaging
(protection & secural)
Truck damage
understanding terminal procedures
is truck suitable (ie, side lifters)?
5. Summary
Stevedores part of dynamic transport logistics chain
Relies heavily on other players’ performance – a 2 way street
Stevedores operate in certain legal framework, with obligations clearly identified
No new obligations, but details changing
Reduce risk of waterfront damage
Understand risks, improve procedures, educate staff
The innocent stevedore – your call!
Stevedores investing now for significant future growth
Focus on cost-effective service delivery Interest in OS&H & vessel & cargo care, with
minimised injuries, and minimised damage to vessels & cargo