Midterm review

Midterm review AP World History Ms. Heath The Test 80 Multiple Choice Questions 20% Period 1 (14 questions) 20% Period 2 20% Period 340% Period 4 (38 questions) 20 Geography questions1 Comparative Essay

Period 1 Technological and Environmental Transformationsto c. 600 B.C.E.Vocabulary (for the Midterm)Neolithic revolutionSedentaryDomesticationPastoralSocial hierarchySpecializationSocial stratification

Overview of topicsPeriod 1Topic of Period 1Paleolithic AgeNeolithic AgeNeolithic revolution River Valley Civilization

Paleolithic AgeForaging (hunter and gathering)Men hunting Women gathering Neolithic Age Neolithic Revolution Development of agriculture Development Gradual process: happened in different areas independently

Neolithic Age cont. Characteristic Required more work than foragingPopulation growth Permanent settlements (increase of diseases)Domestication of plants and animals EffectsSpecialization of labor Increase of population Trade begins Social Stratification Development of Writing

River Valley Civilization

River Valley civilizations Tigris and Euphrates River Mesopotamia (Sumerians) earliest civilization Characteristics- Writing CuneiformZiggurats- building for worship (pyramid like) Patriarchal society Indus River (unpredictable flooding) Harappan Characteristics-Unable to read writing Laid cities in a precise grid like formationDecline unknown River Valley civilizations cont Huang He RiverThe Shang & Zhou dynasties Characteristics Isolated from the others Oracle bones Social stratification Women subordinate to menZhou-mandate of heaven Nile River EgyptCharacteristicsIrrigation projects to water fieldsPharaoh- king of Egypt Social stratificationWriting hieroglyphicsBuild pyramids

Map of River Valley civilizations

Other items to know Relationship between writing and civilizationAllowed for record keepingOrganized governments

Review Questions!The Neolithic Age Saw the beginnings of urbanization Saw the process of agriculture carried out without the use of metal toolsProduced societies without class divisionsSaw a decline in global populationsWitnessed the end of nomadic societies

Review Questions The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following EXCEPTpopulation size and life expectancy.male-female relations.the development of complex social patterns.the stability of human settlements.the tendency to believe in many gods.Review Question 3. The Neolithic revolution occurred first inIndia.the Middle East.China.Egypt.Central America.Review Question The Indus River valley civilization Relied heavily on communal planning Is best studied through its written records Was isolated from other river valley civilizations because of surrounding mountainsDeclined after the arrival of Aryan invadersShared similar flood control concerns with the Egyptians Answer sheet EEB A

Period 2 Vocabulary Reincarnation Missionary Cultural diffusion PatriarchyDemocracy MonsoonSocial HierarchyStratification

Overview of Period 2Topic in Period 2 Classical CivilizationsOrigins of World Religions Trade and interactions

Classical Civilization Classical ChinaThe ZhouMandate of Heaven Centralized the government The QinCame to power after the Era of Warring states Build the Great Wall Encouraged the manufacturing of Silk The HanGovernment bureaucracy grew strongerTraded along the silk roadExpanded territory - recruited the local elite Classical India Monsoon controlled agricultureMauryanAsokaGupta Society: patriarchal Downfall: invasions Classical Civilization cont.Classical GreeceGovernment: City-state Classical Rome Fall: too large for government to control and invasions Characteristics RepublicEmpire: pax romana Conquering other: recruit local elites PersiaLocations: in Anatolia and the fertile crescents Tolerance toward the customs of conquered people AmericasOlmacs and Mayan No interaction with the western hemisphere Hellenistic Culture Alexander the Great Regions brought together by Alexander the Great: Middle East, Mediterranean and south Asia

Religions JudaismHinduismBelief system in IndiaNo founderVedas- religious scriptures Reincarnation Trying to reach moshaCaste system BuddhismFormed from Hinduism (also founded in India) Does not believe in the caste system ConfucianismFound by confusion during the period of warring states in chinaFilial piety: patriarchal family -> respect for ones elders and ancestors DaoismAlso developed during the Era of warring states ChristianityAlso people of the bookBelieve that Jesus Christ is the massiah

Trade and interactions Silk RoadConnected the Mediterranean with east Asia Indian Ocean tradeThe maritime trade routeTrans-SaharanConnecting West Africa with North Africa

Indian Ocean and Silk Road

Review QuestionsReview Questions The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in thatit lasted longer.it was more centralized.it was defeated by invading Huns.it practiced Confucianism.it eventually declined and fell.Review QuestionsThe PersiansWere noted for their harsh treatment towards conquered peopleContinued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia Introduced a new religion similar to the structure of Hinduism Failed to establish a unified empire Focused on their commercial activity on trade with china Review Question The Hellenistic empire of AlexanderContinued the competition with Persia begun under the Greek poleisWas successful in curbing foreign influence upon Greece Produced theories that accurately explained the nature of the universeBlended Mediterranean and the Middle Eastern culture Strengthened its hold upon the Mediterranean world after Alexanders death Review Questions Both Hinduism and Buddhism Supported the caste system Revered women Became increasing popular in India All of the above None of the above Review Questions The declining years of Han China and the Roman Empire shared all of the following EXCEPT A decline in morality Assimilation of invading peoples into imperial culture Unequal land distribution Decline in trade Review Questions Indian Ocean tradeFlourished in spite of constant interferences from nomadic tribe Saw mariners utilize the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean Declined with the fall of classical empires Failed to establish connections with land routesConcentrated on trade among neighboring people rather than long-distance trade Answers BB DEC B

Period 3Vocabulary Mosque Indigenous InterregionalFeudalism SerfsBureaucracy OverviewRise and Spread of Islam Expansion of China Changes in European Institution TradeAmericas Rise and Spread of Islam Rise Origins: MuhammadSplit between the sunni and shia Spread Through trade and military conquest Umayyad CaliphateAbbasid CaliphateBagdad- downfall when city captured by the Mongols

Expansion of China Tang Dynasty Expanded the empireExpanded the bureaucracyScholar-gently Restricted the Buddhist monasteries Song Dynasty Civil service exams emphasized in gain government posts Bureaucracy expanded Mongol invasion Restricted ChineseChinese no longer able to participate in their government Changes in European Institution The Middle AgesBattle of Tours-prevents the Muslims from moving into Europe (Iberian Continent becomes Islamic)Feudalism- political, economic and social system Serfs- bound to the land but were not slaves (cant be bought or sold) Plague Disease that killed the majority of the European populations Effects: More jobs for peasant and craftspeople who were in scarce supply Crusades Christian campaigns trying to take back the holy land from the MuslimsOpened Europe up to new contacts and ideas Byzantine EmpireActed as the trading center between Asia and Western Europe Interacts with the Slavs Slavic Homeland North of the byzantine EmpireTrades raw materialsLarge homeland Convert to Eastern orthodox TradeBantu MigrationsExchange of ideas, technology and language in sub-Saharan Africa through the migration of the Bantu speaking peoples. Increase of tradeTrade along the Swahili coast (connected to the red sea, Indian Ocean and Arabian sea) Growth of cities by the increase of tradeMongol Empire control lands in which the silk road pasted through and makes the silk road secure for travelers

AmericasIncas Located along the Western coast line of South AmericaExpanded through military conquest Aztecs Located in central MexicoInherent customs from previous civilizations Expanded through military conquest Change their environment for their needs Review Questions Review Questions What was the most important "stepchild" of the Byzantine civilization?A) the Middle EastB) RussiaC) ItalyD) PolandE) GreeceReview Questions Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true?A) They were slaves.B) They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords.C) They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land.D) They retained essential ownership of their houses.E) They had heavy obligations to their lords.Review Questions Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of American civilizations during the post-classic period?A) diverse civilizationsB) elaborate cultural systemsC) monotheismD) highly developed agricultureE) large cities based on elaborate political and economic organizationReview Questions The bubonic plague changed the economic relationship between the upper and lower classes of Europe. This occurred becauseA. Jobs were plentiful and peasants and craftspeople were in scarce supply B. There were fewer jobs because of the population decline C. Nobles paid less because they needed lessD. Nobles raised wages because the plague was a warning sign from god.

Review QuestionsOf those listed below, which civilization existed in the most complete state of isolation in the period 600-1450?A. Ming China B. Delhi SultanateC. Aztec EmpireD. Carolingian FranceE. Kievan Rus

Answers BAAA

Period 4 Vocabulary Columbian exchange RenaissancePlantationsMiddle PassageMercantilistAbsolutistLiberiaPeninsularMatriarchalIndigenousReconquistaCatholic Reformation EnlightenmentScientific RevolutionIsolationismJesuits

OverviewEmpires and other political systemExchanges and tradeSystem of Slavery Cultural and Intellectual Changes Empires and other Political SystemSpain Spanish colonies (Caribbean, Central, Latin and South America) Colonized- created settlement. (little Spain) reconquistaPortugalColony- Brazil- plantations and port. Slave trade France Absolute monarchy England Parliamentary Monarchy Henry VIII- separated from the Roman Church Anglican ChurchRussiaExpanded territory (Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia) Peter and Catherine the Great- lead reforms to westernize part of Russian culture Empires and other Political SystemOttoman Sunni Muslims Conquered Constantinople Thoughts on the west MughalsLocated in IndiaThought on the west Accepting of Hinduism MingKey featureWent into a state of isolationismConfucian based bureaucracy Expansion Jesuit tried to convert ChineseSafavid Shia MuslimThought on Europeans

Exchanges and tradeTrading CompaniesSet up to help finance expeditions Columbian exchangeExchange of crops, animals and diseases between Europe, Africa and the AmericasEuropean disease caused depopulation of the native AmericasNew crops cause population increase in Europe (potato) Triangular trade Europe sending manufactured good to Africa in exchange for slave who were then sent to the Americas for raw material which were sent to Europe System of Slavery BeginningsEuropean with new technologies started to trade and establish forts along the west African coast line Slave trade had existed before but will become more extreme Trans-Atlantic TradeEuropean set up fort along the coast line. Native African kingdoms raid neighboring kingdoms and tribe for slavesSlave traders preferred men than women Many slaves died during the middle passage the journey between Africa and Americas Cultural and Intellectual Changes ReformationStarted by Martin Luther (Germany) Split from the catholic church Catholic Reformation Roman Catholic church reactions to the reformation. Establish the Jesuit order Scientific Revolution New ideas about the natural wordEstablished the tradition of seeking answers to question about nature through the application of reason and methodical investigation of the World GalileoNewton Enlightenment Inspired by the scientific Revolution Applied reason to the problems of human affairs and can be understood .Review QuestionsReview Questions Which of the following represents a difference between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids?A) The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic group.B) The Safavids represented a highly militant strain of Islam.C) The Safavids represented the Shi'ite strain of Islam,D) The Safavids were of Chinese Origin.E) The Safavids were originally frontier warriors.Review Questions What was the political impact of the presence of Europeans on the African coast?A) State formation in Africa took place on the Indian Ocean coast away from the trade routes established by the Europeans.B) Strong centralized states began to form on the coastline in close proximity to the European trade forts.C) Europeans immediately divided up the entire continent.D) States were more likely to form in the savanna regions of Africa.E) West and central African kingdoms just inland from the forts began to redirect their trade and expand their influence.Review Questions What was the primary difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires?A) The Portuguese treated their slaves better than did the Spanish.B) Portuguese colonies lacked the bureaucratic structure that characterized the Spanish colonies after the middle of the sixteenth century.C) The Portuguese colony of Brazil was more intellectually independent of the mother country than were the Spanish colonies in Latin America.D) Portuguese colonies did not have the heavy influence of the Catholic Church found in Spanish colonies.E) Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American, the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil.Review questions As part of the "Colombian Exchange," which of the following was a European contribution to the Americas.A) bullionB) potatoesC) diseaseD) cornE) raw materialsReview Questions What was the Western response to the problems of international trade that they experienced in 1400?A) Western nations began explorations of alternative routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and Muslim realms.B) Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and became more dependent on European-produced commodities.C) They began to pull back from all but regional trade.D) Many nations sought to establish alliances with the Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes.E) Overland trade routes through northern Russia were established to the East.Answer Key 1. c2. e 3. e4. c5.a