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Middleware

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What is Middleware?

Middleware is computer software th

at connects software components orapplications.

The software consists of a set of services that allows multiple processes

running on one or more machines to interact across a network.

This technology evolved to provide for interoperabilityinteroperability in support of the

move to coh

erent distributed arch

itectures, wh

ich

are used most often tosupport and simplify complex, distributed applications.

It includes web servers, application servers, and similar tools that support

application development and delivery.

Middleware is especially integral to modern information technology based onXML,

SOAP,

Web services, and

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).

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Middleware Providers

IBM, Red Hat, and Oracle Corporation are major vendors

providing middleware software.

Vendors such as Axway, SAP, TIBCO, Mercator Software,Crossflo, Vitria and webMethods were specifically founded to

provide Web-oriented middleware tools.

Groups such as the Apache Software Foundation and theObjectWeb Consortium encourage the development of open

source middleware.

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Uses of Middlewares

Middleware services provide a more functional set of APIsto allow an application to:

Locate transparently across the network, thus providing

interaction with another service or application Be independent from network services

Be reliable and always available when compared to theoperating system and network services.

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Types of Middlewares

Hurwitz's classification system organizes the many types of middleware that are

currently available. These classifications are based on scalability and recoverability:

RPCs Client makes calls to procedures running on remote systems. Can beasynchronous or synchronous.

MOMs Messages sent to the client are collected and stored until they areacted upon, while the client continues with other processing.

ORBs This type of middleware makes it possible for applications to sendobjects and request services in an object-oriented system.

SQL-oriented Data Access middleware between applications and databaseservers.

Embedded Middleware communication services and integration interfacesoftware/firmware that operates between embedded applications and the realtime operating system.

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Other Middlewares

Additional classification includes:

TP Monitors Provides tools and an environment to

develop and deploy distributed applications

Application Servers software installed on a computer

to facilitate the serving (running) of other applications.

Enterprise Service Bus An abstraction layer on top ofan Enterprise Messaging System.

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Where does Middeware lies?

WEB BROWSER

GUI/OOGUI

DSM OS

OBJECTS

WEB

GROUPWARES

OLTP

DBMS

CLIENTCLIENT SERVER SERVERMIDDLEWAREMIDDLEWARE

SERVICE SPECIFICSERVICE SPECIFICODBC TxRPC MAIL ORB HTTP

DSMDSMSNMP CMIP TIVOLI/ORB

NOSNOSDirectory Security Distributed File

RPC Messaging Peer-to-Peer

TRANSPORT STACKTRANSPORT STACKNetBIOS TCP/IP IPX/SPX SNA