Middle Voice in Southern Quechua (SQ): a Basic Survey
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Prof. Masayoshi Shibatani Seminar in Syntax and Semantics Student: Carlos Molina-Vital 6/15/2010 Middle Voice in Southern Quechua (SQ): a Basic Survey Most of the literature concerning the middle voice in SQ does not present the topic in an integrated fashion. Quite the contrary, constructions or lexical items that form part or the "middle domain" (restricted to the collection of loosely connected constructions that include non-co-referential uses of reflexives forms) are to be found as extensions of reflexive, reciprocal, intransitive verbs, and benefactive forms (not to mention some courtesy markers). An excellent organization of these facts is provided by van de Kerke, in his studies of the so-called "reflexive marker" –ku (1991) and the reciprocal –na –ku (2007). However, the scope of his explanation, strictly based on the alleged co-referential nature of – ku tends to be, in my opinion very restricted by the assumption of movement of an "internal argument" (a theme) to an "external argument" position. Otherwise, his observations, as well as the data he collected, provided a solid foundation for a broader view of middle voice phenomena as a semantic phenomenon, as advocated by Kemmer (1993), and Shibatani (2006). 1. Reflexive uses of –ku: Calvo (1993: 179) and van de Kerke (1991, 2007) present the reflexive suffix –ku as a way to decrease the verb diathesis, i.e. as a voice phenomenon. They present -ku as fundamentally a universal reflexivizer that incorporates the co-referential object into the verb, hence reducing the number of arguments and imposing a co-indexing reading. I will assume that -ku co-indexes the internal argument with the external position in the mapping from [Lexical Conceptual Structure] onto Predicate Argument Structure, in that way blocking the expression of the Agent that is normally mapped onto that position: … [Ag [Patient ruwa]] —> [Patient i [e i ruwa ku] (van de Kerke 1991: 92) -ku is used to mark a non-standard mapping of argument structure onto syntax, since it links an internal argument to the syntactic subject position. In doing so, -ku is considered primarily a co-indexing element (van de Kerke 2007: 1378) 1
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8/9/2019 Middle Voice in Southern Quechua (SQ): a Basic Survey
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