Middle Colonies

New YorkPennsylvaniaNew JerseyDelaware

Middle Colonies

1. River systems

2. Valleys – fertile soil

3. ”Bread basket" large farms - surplus food

4. diverse population

5. manufacturing

6. iron mines, glass, shipyards, and paper

7. Cities: New York and Philadelphia

Middle Colonies

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

New Netherland (New York) New Netherland (New York) is first established by the is first established by the DutchDutch

1609: Henry Hudson 1609: Henry Hudson sailing for Dutch East sailing for Dutch East India Company sails India Company sails into Hudson river into Hudson river looking for passage looking for passage through continent ~ through continent ~ claims area for Dutchclaims area for Dutch

““Bought” Manhattan Bought” Manhattan from Indiansfrom Indians

English immigration to New Netherland resulted English immigration to New Netherland resulted in 1/2 total populationin 1/2 total population

The English regarded The English regarded Dutch as intrudersDutch as intruders

New York was a royal gift New York was a royal gift to James, the King’s to James, the King’s brother (aka Duke of York)brother (aka Duke of York)

Thus, when the English Thus, when the English invaded, the leader of the invaded, the leader of the Dutch colony, Dutch colony, Peter Peter StuyvesantStuyvesant, gave up , gave up without a fight.without a fight.

Allowed to remain, the Allowed to remain, the Dutch made up a large Dutch made up a large segment of New York’s segment of New York’s population for many years.population for many years.

New JerseyNew Jersey

James gave 2 friends, Lord John Berkeley James gave 2 friends, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, the section of and Sir George Carteret, the section of New York located between the Hudson New York located between the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1664River and Delaware Bay in 1664– He felt the territory of New York was too He felt the territory of New York was too

large to administerlarge to administer Both proprietors allowed religious Both proprietors allowed religious

freedom and an assembly in addition to freedom and an assembly in addition to giving generous land offers to attract giving generous land offers to attract settlers settlers

Lord John Berkeley

Mid-1600s: religious Mid-1600s: religious dissenters named dissenters named QuakersQuakers arose in Englandarose in England

Hated by authorities Hated by authorities because they refused to pay because they refused to pay taxes to Church of England, taxes to Church of England, refused to take oaths, refused to take oaths, refused military servicerefused military service

William Penn, a Quaker, was a close William Penn, a Quaker, was a close friend of King Charles II, and Charles friend of King Charles II, and Charles granted Penn what became granted Penn what became Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

Charles II Charles II perceived the perceived the egalitarian Quakers egalitarian Quakers as dangerous as dangerous radicals & desired radicals & desired to export the to export the Quakers to Quakers to someplace far from someplace far from EnglandEngland

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Penn governs the colonyAdvertised in Europe, promising land & freedoms

Frame of Government (guaranteed elected assembly), Charter of Liberties (freedom of worship, open

immigration), fair treatment of Native Americans

Penn’s Treaty with thePenn’s Treaty with theNative AmericansNative Americans

Penn’s Treaty with thePenn’s Treaty with theNative AmericansNative Americans

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Penn attempted Penn attempted to treat Native to treat Native Americans more Americans more fairly than did fairly than did other colonies.other colonies. Penn’s treatment Penn’s treatment of the Native of the Native Americans was so Americans was so fair that Quakers fair that Quakers went to them went to them unarmed and even unarmed and even employed them as employed them as babysittersbabysitters

Penn attempted Penn attempted to treat Native to treat Native Americans more Americans more fairly than did fairly than did other colonies.other colonies. Penn’s treatment Penn’s treatment of the Native of the Native Americans was so Americans was so fair that Quakers fair that Quakers went to them went to them unarmed and even unarmed and even employed them as employed them as babysittersbabysitters

PennsylvaniPennsylvania & a & NeighborsNeighbors

However, as non-Quaker immigrants However, as non-Quaker immigrants came, they were less tolerant of Indians came, they were less tolerant of Indians (Scots-Irish)(Scots-Irish)

Liberal features: elected assembly, no Liberal features: elected assembly, no tax-supported church, freedom of tax-supported church, freedom of worship, only 2 capital crimesworship, only 2 capital crimes

New NetherlandIn1609--Dutch

New York—1664England

Henry Hudson for Netherlands

Duke of York of England names it New

York

English fleet takes New Amsterdam from Dutch in 1664 and becomes New York City---Good

harbor for trade

New Netherlands was an autocracy1689---English Bill of RightsRepresentative GovtRoyal Colony

New Jersey---1702Indian land---Dutch

and Swedish gift from King Charles II to

brother James---gives to his friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George

Carteret

Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish

colonistsRoyal Colony

Pennsylvania—1681

Delaware--1682

William PennSwedes

Penn founded for religious freedom for the Quakers---Holy

Experiment—invited all people

Representative govt

Royal Colony

Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner