MIDDLE COLONIES

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

NEW NETHERLAND

Dutch had colonial holdings

Older than New England

Started in opposition to Catholic Spain

BEGINN ING O F DUTCH IN NEW WO RL D

Henry Hudson• Sailed for Dutch East India

Company• Looking for passage to China (as

much explorers were…)• 1609 – Discovered Delaware Bay• Helped establish trade between

Dutch and Iroquois Nations

DUTCH HOLDINGS

Manhattan Island

Up to Fort Orange (today Albany)

Established fur-trading posts – had friendly relations with the Native Americans

1620s – Dutch West India Company began to establish permanent settlements

DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY

1626 – Governor Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan from NA

New Amsterdam became capital of New Netherland

Absolute control of government• Governors depended on small army

defense• Totally indifference in 1664 when

Governor Peter Stuyvesant called them to arms against British

BRITISH IN NEW NETHERLAND

Dutch surrendered to English without firing a shot

Plan was put into action by the duke of York, the king’s brother, later King James II

Charles II granted land to his brother

English transformation• New Amsterdam now New York• Fort Orange now Albany• Brief Dutch reoccupation in 1673-1674 – no

major impact

DUTCH PERMANENT IMPRINT

Wall Street (named for original wall to protect from NA)

Broadway (Breede Wegh)

NEW JERSEY!!!

Duke of York granted land between Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Sir Carteret and Lord John Berkeley

Named for native island of Jersey

East and West Jersey• East: Puritans founded Newark, Scots –

Perth Amboy• West: Swedes, Finns, Dutch, Eng Quakers• Unified as royal colony in 1702

QUAKERS IN PENNSYLVANIA

Quakers• Founded in 1647• No formal sacraments, thee and thou,

declined taking oaths, embraced simple living

• Experienced persecution in England• Freedom to everyone and equality of the

sexes• Settled in NJ first and migrated

PENNSYLVANIAQuaker commonwealth

William Penn founded

1681 – King Charles II gave Penn proprietary rights; named it Pennsylvania (literally means Penn’s Woods)

“Holy experiment” – guaranteed every adult male 50 acres of land.

Representative government and freedom of religion

PA CONTINUED

Recruited settlers like Mennonites and Baptists

Good relations with Native Americans

Penn purchased land from NA

Assembly elected by freemen (who do you think freemen were?)

Governor had no veto

Penn had veto

No established church and freedom of religion

DELAWARE

1682 – Duke of York granted Penn area of Delaware

Formed Dutch territory

At first part of PA

1704 – right to choose assembly

Until American Revolution – DE had separate assembly by shared PA’s governor